Omnye we Izinto zombane Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yi-microcontroller, okanye i-MCU (i-MicroController Unit), Ifumaneke. Enye yeetshipsi ezithandwa kakhulu onokuzicwangcisa ngobuninzi bezicelo zazo zonke iintlobo, zombini iiprojekthi ze-DIY, kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zeshishini, njl.
Ngokuqinisekileyo igama layo livakala liqhelekile kuwe, kwaye yenye yeencindi ezincinci ezisetyenziswa ngamacwecwe Arduino nabanye iibhodi zophuhliso Iyafana. Ngapha koko, ubukhulu becala, ibileli qonga lezixhobo zivulekileyo zegalelo ekuthandeni kwalo.
Ukusuka e-Atmel ukuya kwi-Microchip
Inkampani yeAmmel Ibiyinkampani ye-semiconductor eyasekwa ngo-1984. Uphawu lwenkampani olwasekwa nguGeorge Perlegos yayisisifinyezo segama elithi Advanced Technology for Memory and Logic.
Kuyo yonke imbali yabo, bavelise izixhobo zeRF, iWiMAX, ii-ASICs, ii-SoCs, i-EEPROM kunye nenkumbulo yefleshi, njl. Kodwa, ngakumbi, bajolise kwi abalawuli abancinci. Phakathi kwazo, zibandakanyile ezinye ze-Intel 8051, ezo zisekwe kwi-AVR kunye ne-AVR32 (zombini uyilo olwenziwe yi-Atmel uqobo) kwaye ikwasekwe kwi-ARM.
Bakhe iimveliso Bakhonze bobabini kubathengi be-elektroniki, ezinje ngeenkampani zonxibelelwano, ishishini le-elektroniki, izixhobo zonyango, icandelo lezokundiza, amakhadi akhuselekileyo, kunye nomkhosi.
Ewe IMicrosoftchip TechnologyIkwangomnye umenzi omkhulu we-semiconductor esekwe eArizona. Ukunikezela kubaphathi abancinci, iinkumbulo (i-EEPROM kunye ne-EPROM), i-RF, kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-analog, kunye nezixhobo zesoftware zenkqubo kunye nophuhliso. Abalawuli babo abancinci babalasele ngokukodwa, nosapho olwenziwe lodwa njengee-PICs.
Yintoni i-microcontroller okanye i-MCU?
Un Umlawuli omncinci, i-µC, i-UC okanye i-MCU (iYunithi yeMicrocontroller), nokuba yeyiphi na ofuna ukuyibiza, yinkqubo e-IC enako ukwenza iiodolo ezilayishwe kwimemori yayo. Ke ngoko, i-microcontroller phantse ikhompyuter epheleleyo kwi-chip. Inazo zonke izinto ezihlanganisiweyo, ezinje nge-CPU, i-RAM, iROM kunye nezinto ze-I / O (GPIO, izibali maxesha okanye izinto zokubala, abaguquleli be-A / D, i-SPI, I2C, I-USB, i-Ethernet, uthelekiso, PWM, njl).
Kuyabonakala, ukusebenza yezi khompyuter kwi-chip azikho phezulu njengeePC zangoku.Zinokusebenza okufanayo nakwizixhobo zamashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlala zinomtsalane kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo apho ukusebenza okuphezulu kungafuneki, njengokulawula oomatshini beshishini, ukulawula imisebenzi ethile kwizithuthi, iibhodi zophuhliso, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, njl.
Yintoni iATmega328P?
El Ifumaneke Yinto microcontroller eyenziwe Atmel, bobabo kolu thotho megaAVR. Okwangoku yeyakwaMicrochip. Ngokubhekisele kwiiparameter zayo kunye neempawu zobugcisa ezibalaseleyo zezi:
- Uyilo lwe-AV-8-bit
- 32 KB ukukhanya
- 1 KB EEPROM
- 2 KB I-SRAM
- Iinjongo ezingama-23 ngokubanzi ze I / O imigca
- Iirejista zeenjongo ngokubanzi ezingama-32
- Isibali-xesha / izinto zokubala ezi-3 ngemowudi yokuthelekisa
- Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi / kwangaphandle (24)
- Inkqubo yenkqubo yeUART
- Ujongano Uthotho
- SPI
- Iindlela ezi-8 zokuguqula i-10-bit A / D
- Iindlela ze-6 ze-PWM
- Ukucwangciswa kweliso elibukhali elinoscillator lwangaphakathi
- Iindlela ezi-5 zesoftware ezinokukhethwa zokugcina amandla
- 1.8v ukuya 5.5v unikezelo lwamandla.
- Ifezekisa ii-MIPS ezi-1 zomsebenzi, oko kukuthi, imiyalelo yesigidi eqhutywa rhoqo kwisibini.
- Ubuninzi beewotshi ezingama-20 Mhz
- Ipakishwe, inokuba yi-DIP okanye i-PLCC. Ngezikhonkwane ezingama-28.
Ngokuphathelele eyakhe i-pinout kunye ne-datasheet, unako zikhuphele apha.
Yintoni i-AVR?
Ukuba uyabuza yintoni i-AVR, luluhlobo lwe-8-bit RISC-uhlobo loyilo oluphuhliswe yi-Ateml kumgca wayo we-microcontrollers. Ekuqaleni yayikhulelwe ngabafundi ababini abavela kwiNorway Institute of Technology, kwaye kamva yacokiswa kwaye yaphuhliswa yiAtmel Norway. Ngoku isetyenziswa yi-ATmega, ATxmega, ATtiny, kunye ne-AT90 imigca.
Ukongeza, kulandela a Inkqubo yeHarvard, ineerejista ezingama-32-bit ezingama-8, kwaye yayihlala iyilelwe ukwenziwa kwe-C engqondweni ngendlela efanelekileyo.