Iigiya: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezi sprocket

iigiya

Los iigiya Zininzi zeendlela ezikhoyo, ukusuka kwiiwotshi zeanalog, ukuya kwiinjini zezithuthi, iibhokisi zegiya, ngeerobhothi, iiprinta, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zendlela. Enkosi kubo, iinkqubo zokuhambisa zinokwenziwa kwaye zihambe ngaphaya kokuhambisa intshukumo, banokuzitshintsha.

Ke ngoko, zizinto ezibalulekileyo Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zisebenza njani Ngokuchanekileyo. Ngale ndlela, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zakho kwaye uqonde ngcono ukuba zisebenza njani ...

Yintoni igiya?

iigiya

Kukho iinkqubo zetyathanga, iinkqubo zepulley, amavili okukhuhlana, njl. Bonke iinkqubo zothumelo kunye nezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Kodwa kuzo zonke, inkqubo yegiya ime ngaphandle, ihlala iyintandokazi yeepropathi:

  • Banokumelana nemikhosi emikhulu ngenxa yamazinyo abo ngaphandle kokutyibilika, njengoko kunokwenzeka kwiivili zokuxubana okanye iiplagi.
  • Yinkqubo eguqulwayo, ekwazi ukuhambisa amandla okanye intshukumo kumacala omabini.
  • Bavumela ulawulo lwentshukumo oluchanekileyo, njengoko kunokubonwa kwi Iimoto ezihamba ngaphandle, umzekelo.
  • Bavumela ukwenza iinkqubo zokudlulisa ezihambelanayo phambi kwamatyathanga okanye iipelesi.
  • Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bunokudityaniswa ukuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwe-axis nganye. Ngokubanzi, xa kusetyenziswa imijelo emibini, igiya enkulu ibizwa ngokuba yivili kunye nepinion encinci.

Un izixhobo okanye i-cogwheel ayikho enye into ngaphandle kohlobo lwamavili kunye noluhlu lwamazinyo aqingqiweyo kumda wayo wangaphandle okanye wangaphakathi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegiya. Ezi sprocket ziya kuba kukujikeleza okujikelezayo ukwenza i-torque kwi-shafts apho incamathele khona, kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngokudibeneyo ukuze zenze iinkqubo zegiya ezinzima ngakumbi, zilungelelanise amazinyo azo kunye.

Ngokucacileyo, ukuze oko kwenzeke, uhlobo kunye nobukhulu bamazinyo kufuneka idibane. Ngaphandle koko ziya kungahambelani kwaye azinakulunga. Ezi paramitha zezi zixutyushwa kwicandelo elilandelayo ...

Iinxalenye zegiya

iinxalenye zegiya

Ukuze izixhobo ezimbini zilingane, ubukhulu kunye nenani lamazinyo zinokwahluka, kodwa kufuneka zihloniphe uthotho lwezinto ezenza igiya isebenzisane, ezinje ngohlobo lwezinyo abalisebenzisayo, ubukhulu, njl.

Njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongaphambili, kukho iindawo ezininzi kwigiya kufuneka uyazi:

  • Septum okanye iingalo: yinxalenye ejongene nokujoyina isithsaba kunye necube ukuze kudluliswe intshukumo. Banokuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ubukhulu, kunye nokwakhiwa kunye namandla kuya kuxhomekeka ubukhulu becala amandla kunye nobunzima. Ngamanye amaxesha zihlala zihlatyiwe ukunciphisa ubunzima, ngamanye amaxesha kukhethwe isahlulelo esiqinileyo.
  • Cube: yinxalenye apho ishafti yokuhambisa intshukumo idityaniswe kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kwisahlulelo.
  • Corona: yindawo yendawo apho amazinyo asikiweyo. Yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukuhambelana, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo kuya kuxhomekeka kuyo.
  • Ukubamba izinyo: lelinye lamazinyo okanye ukuvela kwesithsaba. Izinyo lungohlulwa lube ngamacandelo aliqela:
    • ICresta: yinxalenye engaphandle okanye incam yezinyo.
    • Ubuso kunye neplanga: Inxalenye ephezulu nezantsi yecala lezinyo, oko kukuthi, indawo yokudibana phakathi kweevili ezimbini zegiya ezinemingxunya.
    • Valle: liyinxalenye esezantsi yamazinyo okanye indawo ephakathi phakathi kwamazinyo amabini, apho isiseko selinye ivili elinamazinyo eliza kuhlala kulo.

Konke oku kuvelisa uthotho lwe izithsaba zesithsaba eya kwahlula iindidi kunye neepropathi zegiya:

  • Isangqa seengcambu: uphawula intlambo okanye emazantsi amazinyo. Oko kukuthi, kunciphisa ubukhulu bezixhobo zangaphakathi.
  • Isangqa sokuqala: ubeka ulwahlulo phakathi kwamacala amabini ezinyo: ubuso kunye neplanga. Yiparameter ebaluleke kakhulu, kuba zonke ezinye zichaziwe ngokusekwe kuyo. Izakwahlula izinyo kubini, idedendum kunye nesihlomelo.
    • Unyawo lwezinyo okanye i-dedendum: ngummandla osezantsi wezinyo ophakathi kwesangqa sokuqala kunye nengcambu ejikeleze ingcambu.
    • Intloko yamazinyo okanye isihlomeloUmmandla ophezulu wezinyo, ovela kwisangqa sokuqala kunye nomda ongaphandle.
  • Isangqa seNtloko-Uza kuphawula indawo yamazinyo, oko kukuthi, ububanzi bangaphandle bezixhobo.

Njengoko unokuthelekelela, ngokuxhomekeke kwisithsaba, ububanzi kunye neendidi zamazinyo, unako ziyahluka izixhobo ngokwe:

  • Inani lamazinyo: iya kuchaza umlinganiso wegesi kwaye yenye yeeparitha ezimisela ukumisela indlela yokuziphatha kwinkqubo yokuhambisa.
  • Ukuphakama kwamazinyoukuphakama okupheleleyo, ukusuka entlanjeni ukuya kummango.
  • Isetyhula inyathelo: umgama phakathi kwenxalenye yezinyo kunye nenxalenye efanayo yezinyo elilandelayo. Oko kukuthi, kukude kangakanani amazinyo, ekwahambelana nenombolo.
  • Ukutyeba: ubukhulu bezixhobo.

Izicelo zeGiya

Las izicelo gear zininzi, njengoko senditshilo ngaphambili. Ezinye zezinto ezisebenzayo zezi zilandelayo:

  • Iibhokisi zegiya zezithuthi.
  • Iimoto ezihamba ngenyawo zokujika ulawulo.
  • Iibhombu zeHydraulic.
  • Iinjini zazo zonke iintlobo, ezinje ngokujika okanye ukuhambisa izinto zokuhambisa.
  • Iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
  • Iiprinta zokuhambisa iintloko okanye iiroller.
  • Iirobhothi zeendawo ezihambayo.
  • Oomatshini beshishini.
  • Iiwotshi zeAnalog.
  • Izixhobo zasendlini ezinamacandelo oomatshini.
  • Izixhobo zombane ezineenxalenye ezihambayo.
  • Iimoto zokuvula umnyango.
  • Izinto zokudlala ezihambayo.
  • Oomatshini basezifama.
  • IAeronautics.
  • Ukuveliswa kwamandla (umoya, ubushushu, ...).
  • njalo

Unokucinga ngobuninzi bezinye izicelo zeeprojekthi zakho ngeArduino, iirobhothi, njl. Ungazenzekelayo ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye udlale ngesantya, njl.

Iindidi zeegiya

Ngokwamazinyo kunye neempawu zezixhobo ngokwazo, unayo Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zegiya ezandleni zakho, nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe efanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye.

Los iintlobo eziqhelekileyo Zizo:

  • Zezindlu: zisetyenziselwa ii-axes ezifanayo.
    • Ngqo: zezona zixhaphakileyo, zisetyenziswa xa kufuneka igiya elula engenasantya siphezulu kakhulu.
    • Helical: luguqulelo oluthe xhaxhe ngakumbi lwangaphambili. Kuzo amazinyo acwangciswe ngeendlela ezi-helix ezijikeleze isilinda (enye okanye kabini). Banobuchule obucacileyo kwimigca ethe tye, njengokuthula, ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, banokuhambisa amandla amaninzi, kwaye babe nentshukumo efanayo neyokhuseleko.
  • Etsobhileyo: zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa intshukumo phakathi kwamazembe abekwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, nakwi-90º.
    • Ngqo: Basebenzisa amazinyo athe tye kwaye babelana ngeempawu zezinto ezithe nkqo zezilinda.
    • Ukonakala: kule meko baxhasa isantya esiphezulu kunye nemikhosi, njengoko kwenzekile kwezi zi-helical.
  • Izixhobo zangaphakathi: Endaweni yokuba namazinyo okanye isithsaba esikroliweyo ngaphandle, sinaso ngaphakathi. Aziqhelekanga, kodwa zikwasetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluthile.
  • Iiplanethi: Iseti yeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezithile zothumelo apho kukho igiya esembindini ejikelezayo ejikelezayo ezinye ezincinci. Kungenxa yoko le nto inegama, kuba zibonakala zijikeleza.
  • Isikrufu esingapheliyo: sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo kwezinye iindlela zorhwebo okanye zombane. Isebenzisa izixhobo ezinamazinyo asikwe kwimo ejikelezayo. Bavelisa isantya esithe rhoqo kwaye ngaphandle kwentshukumo okanye ingxolo. Bangadlulisela kwivili elinamazinyo elithe tye eline-axis yayo ehambelana nesikere esingapheliyo.
  • Yokubeka kunye pinion: Iseti yeegiye ekwaxhaphakileyo kwezinye iindlela kwaye evumela intshukumo ejikelezayo ye-axis ukuba itshintshelwe kulungelelwaniso lomgama okanye ngokuchaseneyo.

Ukuba uya Ukubunjwa kwakhe, unokwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezinje:

  • IzinyithiZihlala zenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, iialloys zethusi, ialuminium alloys, isinyithi okanye i-grey cast iron, i-magnesium alloys, njl.
  • Iiplastiki: zisetyenziswa kwi-elektroniki, iithoyi, njl. Ziyi-polycarbonate, i-polyamide okanye i-PVC gear, i-resetal resins, i-PEEK polyetheretherketone, i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), kunye ne-polymers ye-crystal (LCP).
  • Madera: aziqhelekanga, kuphela kwiinkqubo ezindala okanye kwiithoyi ezithile.
  • abanye: kunokwenzeka ukuba kwiimeko ezithile kakhulu kusetyenziswe eminye imicu okanye izixhobo ezithile.

Kuphi ukuthenga igiya?

amagiya ayathenga

Unako fumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegiya kwiivenkile ezininzi zoomatshini okanye ze-elektroniki. Umzekelo, nantsi eminye imizekelo:

Ezi mveliso zincinci ngobukhulu, ukuba ufuna amagiya amakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba awuyi kuzifumana ngokulula. Kwakhona, ukuba ufuna into ethe ngqo, uninzi lweeworkshops ezinokubakho zinako yenzele wena. I Iiprinta ze-3D bakwanceda abenzi ukuba benze eyabo iigiya.

Ubalo olusisiseko lweenkqubo ze-sprocket

iigiya

Njengoko ubona kule GIF, kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba xa amagiya amabini enemingxunya, zombini izembe iya kujikeleza kwelinye icala kwaye hayi ngengqondo efanayo. Njengoko ubona, ukuba ujonga i-rue ebomvu ejike jika ngasekunene, ngelixa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ujika ngasekhohlo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba i-axis ijikeleze kwicala elinye kungayimfuneko ukongeza elinye ivili elongezelelweyo, elifana nelo luhlaza. Ngale ndlela, obomvu nokuhlaza kujikeleza kwicala elinye. Kungenxa yokuba, njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ujikeleza ngasekhohlo, xa ubandakanyeka kuluhlaza-buluhlaza, luhlaza luya kuguqula ulwalathiso lokujikeleza kwakhona, ukungqamanisa nobomvu.

Enye into enokuxatyiswa kuloo GIF isantya sokujika. Ukuba zonke iigiyeri zazinobubanzi obulinganayo kunye nenani lamazinyo, yonke imiphini yayiya kujikeleza ngesantya esifanayo. Kwelinye icala, xa inombolo / ubukhulu bezinyo butshintshiwe, isantya sibuye sitshintshe. Njengoko ubona kule meko, obomvu ngoyena ujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, njengoko enobubanzi obuncinci, ngelixa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ujikeleza ngesantya esiphakathi kwaye uluhlaza lolona lujikeleza kancinci.

Ukuphendula koku, Kuyenzeka ukuba ucinge ukuba ukudlala ngobukhulu isantya sinokutshintshwa. Uchanekile, kanye njengokuba ibhayisekile ingayenza kunye neegiya okanye ibhokisi yemiyalezo iyenza ngomlinganiso wegiya yemoto. Kwaye ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, unokwenza ukubala kwisantya sokujika.

Xa uneigiya ezimbini ezilahliweyo, enye encinci (pinion) kunye nenye enkulu (ivili), oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

  • Ukuba sicinga ukuba i-motor okanye i-traction ifakwe kwi-pinion kwaye ivili liqhutywa, nangona i-pinion ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, inevili elikhulu, iya kunciphisa, isebenza njenge ukunciphisa. Kuphela ukuba bezilingana (pinion = ivili) apho iiasi zombini ziya kujikeleza ngesantya esifanayo.
  • Kwelinye icala, ukuba sicinga ukuba ivili elinomtsalane kwaye isantya sisetyenzisiwe kuyo, nokuba iphantsi, i-pinion iya kujika ngokukhawuleza, kuba ubukhulu bayo buncinci phinda.

Ukubala kokudluliselwa kwegiya

Nje ukuba ukuqonde oku, unokwenza ukubala kwenkqubo yokuhambisa elula phakathi kweigiya ezimbini ngokufaka isicelo ifomula:

N1 Z1 = N2 Z2

Apho Z linani lamazinyo amagiya 1 kunye no-2 acociweyo kunye no-N sisantya sokujikeleza kwe-shafts kwi-RPM (uguquko ngomzuzu okanye uguquko ngomzuzu). Kuba ejemplo, cinga ukuba kwi-GIF apha ngasentla, ukwenza lula:

  • Olubomvu (ukuqhuba) = 4 amazinyo kwaye imoto ifaka isantya sokujikeleza kwi-shaft yayo ye-7 RPM.
  • Luhlaza = 8 amazinyo
  • Luhlaza = 16 amazinyo

Ukuba ufuna ukubala ukujika kule nkqubo, kufuneka uqale ubale isantya esibhulowu:

4 7 = 8 z

z = 4 7/8

z = 3.5RPM

Oko kukuthi, i-axis eblue iya kujika kwi-3.5 RPM, ethe chu kancinci kune-4 RPM ebomvu. Ukuba ufuna ukubala ukujika kohlaza, ngoku uyazi isantya esiluhlaza:

8 3.5 = 16 z

z = 8 3.5/16

z = 1.75

Njengoko ubona, uluhlaza luya kujikeleza kwi-1.75 RPM, ethe chu kuneblue noluhlaza. Kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba imoto ibekwe kwi-axis eluhlaza kwaye ivili lokuqhuba lijikeleza nge-4 RPM, emva koko ujikelezo luya kuba yi-8 RPM ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-16 RPM ebomvu.

Oku kulandela ukuba, xa ivili lokuqhuba lincinci, isantya esisezantsi siyaphunyezwa kwishafti yokugqibela, kodwa ngamandla amakhulu. Kwimeko apho ivili elikhulu lithwala ukutsalwa, ivili elincinci lifumana isantya esikhulu, kodwa amandla amancinci. Kuba apho Amandla okanye torque eyahlukileyo? Jonga le fomyula:

P = T ω

Apho u-P amandla ahanjiswa ngeshafti kwii-watts (W), T yi-torque ephuhlisiweyo (Nm), ω i-angular velocity apho ishafu ijikeleza khona (iirad / s). Ukuba amandla emoto agcinwa kwaye isantya sokujikeleza siphindaphindwe okanye sincitshisiwe, emva koko u-T utshintshiwe.Kwenzeka okufanayo ukuba i-T igcinwa ihleli kwaye isantya sahlukile, emva koko u-P utshintshiwe.

Uyafuna kwakhona ukubala ukuba i-axis iyajikeleza kwi-X RPM, ingakanani indlela eya phambili ngokulandelelana, oko kukuthi, i isantya somgama. Umzekelo, cinga ukuba obomvu unemoto yeDC kwaye kwi-axis eluhlaza ubeke ivili ukuze imoto ihambe ngaphezulu. Iza kukhawuleza kangakanani?

Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ubale umjikelo wetayara oyifakileyo. Ukwenza oku, phinda ububanzi bePi kwaye iya kukunika ujikelezo. Ukwazi ukuba ivili linokuqhubela phambili ngaphi na kwaye kuthathela ingqalelo ukujika komzuzu ngamnye, isantya somgama sinokufunyanwa ...

Apha ndikubonisa ividiyo ukuze ukuqonde oku ngendlela engcono:

Ukubala umbungu kunye sprocket

Ngokuphathelele izixhobo zentshulube kunye neplocket, unokubalwa kunye nefomula:

i = 1 / Z

Kungenxa yokuba iscrew siqwalaselwa kule nkqubo njenge-sprocket yamazinyo enye eye yasikwa ngokukhawuleza. Ke ukuba une-sprocket yamazinyo engama-60, umzekelo, iyakuba ngu-1/60 (oku kuthetha ukuba isikrufu kuya kufuneka sijike amaxesha angama-60 ukuze istocket sigqibe ukujika elinye). Ukongeza, sisixhobo esingaguqukiyo njengabanye, oko kukuthi, i-sprocket ayinakujikeleza ukuze umbungu ujikeleze, umbungu kuphela onokuba yi-drive shaft apha.

Rack kunye pinion izibalo

Kwinkqubo Yokubeka kunye pinion, izibalo ziyatshintsha kwakhona, kule meko zezi:

V = (p Z N) / 60

Oko kukuthi, phindaphinda inowuthi yamazinyo e-pinion (kwiimitha), ngenani lamazinyo e-pinion, kunye nenani lokujika kwe-pinion (kwi-RPM). Oko kwahlulwe ngama-60. Umzekelo, cinga ukuba unenkqubo enepinion yamazinyo engama-30, inowuthi eyi-0.025m, kunye nesantya esingama-40 se-RPM.

V = (0.025) / 30

V = 0.5 m / s

Oko kukuthi, iya kuqhubela phambili isiqingatha semitha mzuzwana ngamnye. Kwaye, kule meko, ewe inokubuyiselwa umvaOko kukuthi, ukuba i-rack ihanjiswa ixesha elide, i-pinion inokwenziwa ukuba ijikeleze.

Unga nokuba ubale ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani na ukuhamba umgama ngokuthathela ingqalelo ifomula ye intshukumo efanayo yomgca (v = d / t), Oko kukuthi, ukuba isantya silingana nomgama ohlulelwe ixesha, ixesha liyacaciswa:

t = d / v

Ke ngoko, sele usazi isantya kunye nomgama ofuna ukuwubala, umzekelo, cinga ukuba ufuna ukubala ukuba kungathatha ixesha elingakanani ukuhamba imitha enye:

t = 1 / 0.5

t = 2 imizuzwana

Ndiyathemba ukuba ndikuncedile ukuba ufumane olona lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu malunga nezixhobo, ukuze uqonde ukuba zisebenza njani kwaye ungazisebenzisa njani ukulungiselela inzuzo yakho kwiiprojekthi zakho ezizayo.


Izimvo, shiya eyakho

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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.

  1.   URamon sitsho

    Kumenzi onjengam (umhlala-phantsi ngovuyo) kulungile ukuba ube nolwazi olucacileyo, olufutshane nolugqibeleleyo ngendlela yokuyila iigiya kwaye ukwazi ukuziprinta. Ndiyakuvuyela