Kwinqaku elidlulileyo senze uhlobo lwentshayelelo kwihlabathi labashicileli be-3D. Ngoku lixesha lokungena nzulu kobu buchwepheshe, sisazi ngakumbi malunga neemfihlo ezifihliweyo ngala maqela, kunye iintlobo zabashicileli be3D abakhoyo. Into ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha eyona ilungileyo, kuba zonke zineengenelo kunye nezingeloncedo zazo, ngoko kuya kuhlala kukho enye ehambelana neemfuno zakho.
Iindidi zabashicileli be-3D ngokwetekhnoloji yoshicilelo
Iindidi zabashicileli be-3D zininzi kakhulu, kwaye zingahlelwa ngokweenqobo ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo:
iintsapho eziphambili
Kanye njengokuba abashicileli besiqhelo beneentsapho ezininzi, abashicileli be-3D banokuhlelwa ikakhulu kwi Amaqela ama-3:
- Cofa: ayisiyi-inki eqhelekileyo, kodwa i-powder compound efana ne-cellulose okanye i-plaster. Umshicileli uya kwakha imodeli esuka kule conglomerate yothuli.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuvelisa umthamo omkhulu. | Iziqwenga eziethe-ethe kakhulu ezifuna ukunyangwa lukhuni. |
- ILaser/LED (i-optics): bubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa kwiiprinta ze-3D resin. Ngokwesiseko ziqulathe ulwelo kwindawo yokugcina amanzi kwaye ziphantsi kokuvezwa kwelaser ukuqinisa iresin kunye nokunyangwa kwe-UV ukuze lukhuni. Oko kwenza i i-resin (i-acrylic-based photopolymer) iguqulwa ibe sisiqwenga esiqinileyo esinemilo efunekayo.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ungaprinta iimilo ezinzima kakhulu. | Ziyabiza. |
| Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu koshicilelo. | Okungakumbi kulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso okanye kubuchwephesha. |
| Ukugqitywa okugqwesileyo komphezulu kufuna kancinci okanye akukho kwasemva kokulungiswa. | Ziyakwazi ukuvelisa umphunga onetyhefu, ngoko ke azifanelekanga kakhulu kumakhaya. |
- Inaliti: zezo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu imicu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-thermoplastic) njengePLA, ABS, Tuvalu, inayiloni, njl. Ingcamango emva kolu sapho kukudala iimilo ngokufaka iileya ezityhidiweyo zezi zinto (zinokwahluka kakhulu). Isiphumo sisiqhekeza esomeleleyo, nangona sicotha kwaye sichaneka kancinci kunelaser.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| iimodeli ezifikelelekayo. | Bayacotha. |
| Icetyiswa kubantu abathanda ukuzilibazisa, ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, kunye nemfundo. | Benza imodeli kwiingqimba, kwaye kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-filament, ukugqitywa kunokuba kumgangatho ophantsi. |
| Izinto ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo. | Amanye amalungu axhomekeke kwiinkxaso ekufuneka ziprintwe ukubamba indawo leyo. |
| Iziphumo eziqinileyo. | Bafuna ngakumbi emva kokulungiswa. |
| Zininzi iimodeli kunye neemodeli onokukhetha kuzo. |
Zakuba zaziwa ezi ntsapho, kula macandelo alandelayo siza kufunda ngakumbi malunga nenye yazo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunokubakho.
Iresin kunye/okanye iiprinta ze3D zamehlo
Las i-resin kunye neeprinta ze-3D zamehlo Ziyenye yezona zintsonkothileyo kwaye zineziphumo ezilungileyo ekugqityweni kwazo, kodwa zihlala zibiza kakhulu. Ukongeza, baya kufuna kwakhona oomatshini abongezelelweyo abanjengokuhlamba kunye nokunyanga kwezinye iimeko, ekubeni le misebenzi ingadityaniswanga kumshicileli ngokwayo (okanye kwiimeko apho ukucoca iindawo kwi-MSLA kunzima).
- Ndihlambile: Emva kokushicilela inxalenye ye-3D, inkqubo yokuhlamba iyadingeka. Kodwa endaweni yokuxubha kunye nokutshiza ukucoca inxalenye, unokuthatha inxalenye egqityiweyo kwiqonga lokwakha kwaye usebenzise oomatshini bokuhlamba. Ezi ziya kusebenza njengento yokuhlamba imoto ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye ne-propeller ejikelezayo ngaphakathi kwaye iphazamisa ulwelo lokucoca (itanki egcwele i-isopropyl alcohol -IPA-) ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi evaliweyo.
- Cura: emva kokucoca, kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukunyanga isiqwenga, oko kukuthi, ukuvezwa kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet eguqula iipropati zepolymer kwaye zilukhuni. Ukwenza oku, isikhululo sokunyanga sisusa inxalenye kwi-liquid yokucoca apho yayifakwe khona, iyomisa ngelixa ijika ukufikelela kuwo onke macala. Nje ukuba yenziwe, ibha ye-UV ye-LED iya kuqalisa ukunyanga isiqwenga, ngokungathi yi-oveni.
I-SLA (StereoLithography)
Lo ubuchule besterolithography yindlela endala ehlaziyiweyo ye 3D abashicileli. I-resin ye-photosensitive liquide isetyenziswayo eya kuba nzima kwiindawo apho i-laser beam ibetha khona. Yile ndlela iileyile zenziwa ngayo de kube isiqwenga esigqityiweyo sifezekiswe.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukugqitywa komphezulu ogudileyo. | Iindleko eziphezulu. |
| Iyakwazi ukuprinta iipateni ezinzima. | Ukungalungelani kokusingqongileyo. |
| Eyona nto ingcono kumalungu amancinci. | Ifuna inkqubo yokunyanga emva kokuprinta. |
| Ngokukhawuleza | Awukwazi ukuprinta iindawo ezinkulu. |
| Izinto ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo. | Abashicileli ayilona xesha lomelele kwaye lomelele. |
| Icwecwe kwaye kulula ukuyihambisa. |
I-SLS (Ukukhethwa kweLaser Laser)
Yenye inkqubo ye ukukhetha laser sintering efana ne-DLP kunye ne-SLA, kodwa endaweni yolwelo kuya kusetyenziswa umgubo. I-laser beam iya kunyibilika kwaye ibambelele kwi-particle particles layer by layer de imodeli yokugqibela yenziwe. Iingenelo zale ndlela kukuba ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (inayiloni, isinyithi,…) ukwenza iindawo ekunzima ukuzidala usebenzisa iindlela zemveli ezinje ngokubumba okanye ukukhutshwa.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukushicilelwa kwebhetshi kunokwenziwa ngendlela elula. | Isixa esilinganiselweyo semathiriyeli. |
| Ixabiso lokuprinta liyafikeleleka. | Ayikuvumeli ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Iingozi zempilo ezinokubakho. |
| Iziqwenga ezineenkcukacha eziphezulu. | Iziqwenga zi-brittle. |
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo. | Ukusetyenzwa ngasemva kunzima. |
| Ungaprinta iindawo ezinkulu. |
I-DLP (i-Digital Light Processing)
Obu buchwephesha be ukusetyenzwa kokukhanya kwedijithali lolunye uhlobo loshicilelo lwe-3D olufana ne-SLA, kwaye lusebenzisa i-photopolymers elulwelo oluqina ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, umehluko kumthombo wokukhanya, kulo mzekelo isikrini sokubonisa idijithali, sigxininise kumanqaku apho i-resin idinga ukuqina, ukukhawuleza inkqubo yokushicilela xa kuthelekiswa ne-SLA.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Isantya esiphezulu sokuprinta. | Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezingakhuselekanga. |
| Ukuchaneka okukhulu. | Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zinexabiso eliphezulu. |
| Inokulunga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. | |
| Umshicileli we-3D onexabiso eliphantsi. |
I-MSLA (Imasked SLA)
Isekelwe kwiteknoloji ye-SLA, kwaye yabelana ngeempawu zayo ezininzi, kodwa luhlobo lwe iteknoloji SLA isigqubuthelo. Oko kukuthi, isebenzisa uluhlu lwe-LED njengomthombo wokukhanya kwe-UV. Ngamanye amazwi, inesikrini se-LCD apho kukhutshwa khona ukukhanya okuhambelana nokumila komgangatho, ukuveza yonke i-resin ngexesha elinye kunye nokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu sokushicilela. Oko kukuthi, isikrini siveza izilayi okanye izilayi.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukugqitywa komphezulu ogudileyo. | Iindleko eziphezulu. |
| Iyakwazi ukuprinta iipateni ezinzima. | Ukungalungelani kokusingqongileyo. |
| Isantya soshicilelo. | Ifuna inkqubo yokunyanga emva kokuprinta. |
| Izinto ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo. | Awukwazi ukuprinta iindawo ezinkulu. |
| Icwecwe kwaye kulula ukuyihambisa. | Abashicileli ayilona xesha lomelele kwaye lomelele. |
DMLS (Ngqo Metal Laser Sintering) okanye DMLS (PolyJet Direct Metal Laser Sintering)
Kule meko, ivelisa izinto ngendlela efanayo ne-SLS, kodwa umahluko kukuba i-powder ayinyibiliki, kodwa ishushu yi-laser ukuya kwindawo apho. inokudibanisa kwinqanaba lemolekyuli. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo, amaqhekeza aqhele ukuba brittle, nangona anokuba phantsi kwenkqubo ye-thermal elandelayo ukubenza baxhathise ngakumbi. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ukwenza isinyithi okanye iinxalenye zealloy.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Iluncedo kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso. | ubuso. |
| Zingasetyenziselwa ukuprinta iinxalenye zetsimbi. | Ngokuqhelekileyo ziba zikhulu. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Amalungu anokuba brittle. |
| Iziqwenga ezineenkcukacha eziphezulu. | Ifuna inkqubo yasemva ebandakanya ukuxutywa kwesinyithi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemathiriyeli. |
| Ungaprinta amaqhekeza obukhulu obahlukeneyo. |
Ukukhutshwa okanye ukufakwa (isitofu)
Xa sithetha ngosapho lwabashicileli abasebenzisayo iindlela zokubeka usebenzisa i-extruders eziphathekayo, umntu unokwahlula phakathi kobu buchwepheshe bulandelayo:
I-FDM (iModeli yokuBekwa ngokuFakelweyo)
Ezi ndlela zokulinganisa ukubeka izinto ezityhidiweyo ukuqamba umaleko wento ngokomaleko. Xa i-filament ifudunyezwa kwaye inyibilika, idlula kwi-extruder kwaye intloko ihamba kwi-XY coordinates eboniswe yifayile kunye nomzekelo wokushicilela. Komnye umlinganiselo sebenzisa i-Z offset kwiileya ezilandelelanayo.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ivaliwe. | Ngoomatshini abakhulu boshishino. |
| Uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto onokukhetha kuzo. | Azikho xabiso liphantsi. |
| Umgangatho olungileyo ugqiba. | Bafuna ulondolozo olungakumbi. |
I-FFF (Ukwenziwa kweFilament Fabrication)
Umahluko phakathi kwe-FDM kunye ne-FFF? Nangona ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswe njenge-synonym, i-FDM ligama elibhekisela kwithekhnoloji ephuhliswe yi-Stratasys kwi-1989. Ngokwahlukileyo, igama elithi FFF linezinto ezifanayo, kodwa zaqulunqwa ngabadali be-RepRap kwi-2005.
Ngodumo lwabashicileli be3D kunye ne Ukuphelelwa kwepatent ye-FDM ngo-2009, indlela yalungiselelwa abashicileli abatsha abanexabiso eliphantsi ngobuchwephesha obufana kakhulu obubizwa ngokuba yi-FFF:
- FDM: oomatshini abakhulu nabavaliweyo ukuze basetyenziswe kubunjineli kunye neziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
- FFF: abashicileli abavulekileyo, abancinci, kwaye abaneziphumo ezibi kakhulu nezingahambelaniyo kwizicelo apho iindawo ezineepropati ezithe ngqo ziyafuneka.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Azixabisi kakhulu. | Umphezulu orhabaxa wamaqhekeza. |
| Umcu ungaphinda usetyenziswe. | Warping (deformation) rhoqo. Oko kukuthi, inxalenye yento oyishicilelayo igophe phezulu ngenxa yomahluko wobushushu phakathi kweeleya. |
| Zilula. | Umlomo uthande ukuvaleka. |
| Kukho iindidi ezininzi zezinto onokukhetha kuzo. | Bathatha ixesha elide ukuprinta. |
| Zixinene kwaye kulula ukuzihambisa. | Iingxaki zokutshintsha umaleko ngenxa yokunqongophala kokubambelela phakathi kweeleya. |
| Ungazifumana zombini zigqityiwe kwaye kwiikhithi zokuhlanganisa. | Indawo ethambileyo. |
| Ibhedi okanye inkxaso ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo. |
Ezinye iintlobo zabashicileli be3D abaphambili
Ngaphandle kolu didi lungentla lwabashicileli be-3D, okanye ushicilelo lwetekhnoloji, kukho ezinye ezinokungadumi kusetyenziso lwasekhaya, kodwa zi zinika umdla kwishishini okanye kuphando:
MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) okanye MJ (Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo)
Enye iteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D onokuyifumana yi-MJF okanye ngokulula i-MJ. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, ngu-a inkqubo esebenzisa inaliti yemathiriyeli. Iindidi zabashicileli be-3D abamkele le ndlela yoshicilelo zijolise ikakhulu kwishishini lezacholo, ukufikelela umgangatho ophezulu ngokutofa amakhulu amathontsi amancinane ephotopolymer kwaye emva koko udlule kwi-UV (i-ultraviolet) yokuphilisa ukukhanya (ukuqinisa).
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Isantya esiphezulu sokuprinta. | Ayinayo imathiriyeli yeceramic efumanekayo ngokuthengiswayo. |
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kweshishini. | Itekhnoloji ayisasazeka kakhulu. |
| Iqondo eliphezulu le-automation ngexesha lenkqubo yokuprinta kunye ne-post-processing. |
I-SLM (Ukukhetha i-Laser Melting)
Bubuchwephesha obuphambili, obunomthombo welaser wamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye abashicileli be3D bolu hlobo banamaxabiso aphezulu, ngoko ke yenzelwe usebenziso lobuchwephesha. Ngandlel 'ithile, ziyafana ne-SLS yetekhnoloji ye-optical, ngokukhetha ukuxuba nge-laser. Isetyenziswe kakhulu kwi ngokukhetha unyibilike umgubo wesinyithi kwaye uvelise iziqwenga ezomeleleyo ngokwemaleko, ukuze uphephe unyango oluthile olulandelayo.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Unokuprinta iinxalenye zetsimbi ezinemilo enzima. | Isixa esilinganiselweyo semathiriyeli. |
| Isiphumo sisiqwenga esichanekileyo kwaye esomeleleyo. | Ziyabiza kwaye zikhulu. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuphezulu. |
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. |
I-EBM (i-Electron Beam Melting)
Itekhnoloji i-electron beam fusion yinkqubo yokwenziwa yokongeza efana kakhulu neSLM, kwaye imiliselwe nzulu kwishishini le-aerospace. Kwakhona iyakwazi ukuvelisa imodeli exinene kakhulu kwaye eyomeleleyo, kodwa umahluko kukuba endaweni yelaser, i-electron beam isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa umgubo wesinyithi. Obu bugcisa bokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso bunokukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kumaqondo obushushu obuyi-1000ºC.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Unokuprinta iinxalenye zetsimbi ezinemilo enzima. | Isixa esincinci kakhulu semathiriyeli, njengoko okwangoku ingasetyenziselwa kuphela iintsimbi ezithile ezifana ne-cobalt-chromium okanye i-titanium alloys. |
| Isiphumo sisiqwenga esichanekileyo kwaye esomeleleyo. | Ziyabiza kwaye zikhulu. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuphezulu. |
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. | Bafuna abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okukhusela okusetyenziswa kwabo. |
BJ (I-Binder Jetting)
Ngolunye uhlobo olukhoyo lweeprinta ze-3D, ezinobuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso. Kule meko, oko sebenzisa umgubo njengesiseko ukwenza iinxalenye, kunye ne-binder ukwenza iileya. Oko kukuthi, isebenzisa i-powders yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nohlobo lokunamathela oluya kususwa kamva ukuze kuhlale kuphela izinto ezisisiseko. Ezi ntlobo zabashicileli zinokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nodaka, isamente, amasuntswana esinyithi, isanti, kunye neepolima.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Uluhlu olubanzi lwemathiriyeli ukwenza amaqhekeza. | Zinokuba zikhulu ngobukhulu. |
| Ungaprinta izinto ezinkulu. | Ziyabiza. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Ayilungelanga ukusetyenziswa ekhaya. |
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. | Kunokuba yimfuneko ukulungelelanisa imodeli kwimeko nganye. |
Ikhonkrithi okanye i-3DCP
Luhlobo loshicilelo olufumana umdla ongakumbi nangakumbi kushishino lokwakha. I-3DCP imele i-3D Concrete Printing, oko kukuthi, ushicilelo lwe-3D lwesamente. Inkqubo encediswa yikhompyutheni yokwenza izakhiwo zesamente ngokukhupha ukwenza iileya kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwakhiwe iindonga, izindlu, njl.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Banokwakha izakhiwo ngokukhawuleza. | Zinokuba zikhulu ngobukhulu. |
| Banomdla kakhulu kwicandelo lokwakha. | Ziyabiza kwaye zintsonkothile. |
| Banokwenza ukuba kwakhiwe izindlu ezingabizi mali ininzi nezizinzileyo. | Imeko nganye iyakufuna ukulungisa umshicileli we-3D ngokukodwa. |
| Uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lwekholoni yezinye iiplanethi. |
LOM (Ukwenziwa kweNto eLaminated)
I-LOM ibandakanya ezinye iindidi zeeprinta ze-3D ezisetyenziselwa i imveliso eqengqelekayo. Kule nto, amalaphu, amaphepha, amaphepha okanye iipleyiti zetsimbi, iplastiki, njl.njl, idiphozithi ishidi kwiphepha leengqimba kunye nokusebenzisa i-adhesive ukuyidibanisa, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa iindlela zokusika kwimizi-mveliso ukuvelisa imilo, njenge. inokuba yi-laser cut.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Banokwakha izakhiwo ezomeleleyo. | Ayingomshicileli we-3D oxineneyo. |
| Ukubanakho kokukhetha phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza. | Ziyabiza kwaye zintsonkothile. |
| Basenokuba nezicelo kwicandelo le-aeronautical okanye kwicandelo lokhuphiswano kwii-composites ezithile. | Bafuna abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. |
I-DOD (Yehla kwiMbango)
Enye iteknoloji ye yehla kwimfuno isebenzisa iijethi 'zeinki' ezimbini, enye ifaka imathiriyeli yokwakha yesixhobo kunye nenye ibeka imathiriyeli enyibilikayo kwizixhaso. Ngale ndlela, yakha umaleko ngomqolo, isebenzisa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ukwenza imodeli, njenge-fly-cutter epholisha indawo ekwakhiwa kuyo. Ngale ndlela, ifezekisa umphezulu othe tyaba ogqibeleleyo, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino apho kufuneka khona ukuchaneka okukhulu, okufana nokwenziwa kokungunda.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. | Zinokuba zikhulu ngobukhulu. |
| Ukuchaneka okukhulu ekugqityweni. | Ziyabiza kwaye zintsonkothile. |
| Bayakwazi ukuprinta izinto ezinkulu. | Bafuna abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. |
| Ayidingi nkxaso. | Iimathiriyeli ezincinci. |
MME (Metal Material Extrusion)
Le ndlela ifana kakhulu ne-FFF okanye i-FDM, oko kukuthi, iqulethe i-extrusion ye-polymer. Umahluko kukuba le i-polymer inomthwalo ophezulu wentsimbi. Ngoko ke, xa udala imilo, i-post-processing (i-debonding kunye ne-sintering) inokwenziwa ukwenza inxalenye yentsimbi eqinile.
I-UAM (Ukwenziwa kweUltrasonic Additive Manufacturing)
Le enye indlela isebenzisa amacwecwe esinyithi anomaleko ngokomaleko kwaye adityaniswe kunye ultrasound ukudibanisa imiphezulu kunye nokudala indawo eqinileyo.
bioprinting
Ekugqibeleni, phakathi kweentlobo zabashicileli be-3D, enye yezona zihamba phambili kwaye zinomdla kusetyenziso lwezonyango, phakathi kwezinye izicelo kwishishini, ayinakuphoswa. Imalunga ne iteknoloji yokushicilela ngebhayoloji, enokuthi isekelwe kwezinye zeendlela zangaphambili, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iimeko apho zisekelwe kwi-layer deposition, ijethi ze-bioink (i-bioink), i-bioprinting encediswa nge-laser, uxinzelelo, i-microextrusion, i-SLA, i-cell extrusion ngqo, iteknoloji yamagnetic, njl. Yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunika yona, ekubeni nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida yayo.
I-3D bioprinting ine izigaba ezithathu ezingundoqo zezi:
- Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili kwebhayoloji: yinkqubo yokuyila imodeli, efana nemodeli ye-3D usebenzisa isoftware yoshicilelo ye-3D. Kodwa, kule meko, amanyathelo anzima ngakumbi afunekayo ukufumana imodeli exeliweyo, kunye novavanyo olufana ne-biopsies, i-computed tomography, i-imaging resonance magnetic, njl. Ngale ndlela ungafumana imodeli eza kuthunyelwa ukuba ishicilelwe.
- bioprinting: Xa kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziyimfuneko, ezifana nezisombululo zolwelo kunye iiseli, matrices, izondlo, bio-inks, njl, kwaye zibekwe kwikhatriji yoshicilelo ukuze umshicileli aqalise ukudala izicubu, i-organ okanye into.
- Post-bioprinting: yinkqubo phambi koshicilelo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngoshicilelo lwe-3D, kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zangaphambili. Ziyakwazi ukuvelisa isakhiwo esizinzileyo, ukuvuthwa kwezicubu, i-vasculation, njl. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ii-bioreactors ziyafuneka kule nto.
| Inzuzo | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukuprinta amalaphu aphilayo. | Ukuntsonkotha. |
| Inokusombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala kwamalungu okufakelwa. | Iindleko zezi zixhobo eziphambili. |
| Ukuphelisa imfuneko yovavanyo lwezilwanyana. | Isidingo sokulungiswa kwangaphambili, ukongeza kwi-post-processing. |
| Isantya kunye nokuchaneka. | Usekwizigaba zovavanyo. |
Iintlobo zeeprinta ze-3D ngokwemathiriyeli
Enye indlela yokwenza ikhathalogu 3D abashicileli ngu uhlobo lwemathiriyeli abanokushicilela kuyo, nangona abanye abashicileli be-3D basekhaya kunye namashishini bamkela iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli yoshicilelo (ukuba nje baneempawu ezifanayo, njengendawo yokunyibilika,…), njengokuba umshicileli wesiqhelo unokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zephepha.
iiprinta zentsimbi ze3D
Zonke iintsimbi azifanelanga kakuhle kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabashicileli be-3D. Enyanisweni, ukusebenzisa obunye bobuchwepheshe obubonwa ngasentla, bumbalwa kuphela obunokuphathwa. I eyona miqulu yesinyithi eqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yokongeza zezi:
- Intsimbi engatyiwa (iintlobo ngeentlobo)
- Isixhobo sentsimbi (enokwakheka kwekhabhoni eyahlukileyo)
- Iingxube ze-Titanium.
- Aluminiyam ialloys.
- I-nickel-based superalloys, njenge-Inconel (i-austenitic Ni-Cr alloy).
- Iingxube zeCobalt-chrome.
- Iialloyi ezisekelwe kubhedu.
- Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo (igolide, isilivere, iplatinam,…).
- Iintsimbi ezingaqhelekanga (i-palladium, i-tantalum, ...).
Iiprinta zokutya ze-3D
Umthombo: REUTERS/Amir Cohen
Kuxhaphake ngakumbi ukufunyanwa Iiprinta ze-3D zokwenza ukutya usebenzisa iindlela zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo. Kule meko, ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Amacandelo asebenzayo (i-prebiotics, i-probiotics, iiminerali, iivithamini, i-fatty acids, i-phytochemicals kunye nezinye i-antioxidants).
- Ifayibha.
- Amafutha
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zecarbohydrates, ezifana nomgubo kunye neswekile.
- Iiprotheyini (isilwanyana okanye imifuno) ukwenza izinto ezifana nenyama.
- I-Hydrogels, njenge-gelatin, kunye ne-alginate.
- Iitshokolethi.
Iiprinta zePlastiki ze-3D
Kakade ke, enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushicilelo lwe-3D, ngakumbi kubashicileli be-3D basekhaya iipholima:
- Iiplastiki ezifana nePLA, ABS, PET, PC, njl.
- Iipolymers ezisebenza kakhulu ezifana ne-PEEK, i-PEKK, i-ULTEM, njl.
- Iipolyamide zokwenziwa zodidi lwelaphu ezifana nenayiloni okanye inayiloni.
- Amanzi anyibilikayo anje ngeHIPS, PVA, BVOH, njl.
- Ibhetyebhetye njenge-TPE okanye i-TPU, njengaleyo yeemeko zefowuni ze-silicone.
- Ii-resin ezisekelwe kwi-polymerization.
Kwakhona, ukuba uza kusebenzisa umshicileli we-3D ukuprinta izinto ezisetyenziswa ekutyeni, njengeekomityi, iiglasi, iipleyiti, izinto zokusika, njl. njl., kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni iiplastiki ezikhuselekileyo zokutya:
- I-PLA, i-PP, i-co-polyester, i-PET, i-PET-G, i-HIPS, i-nylon 6, i-ABS, i-ASA kunye ne-PEI. Ukuba uya kuzisebenzisa ukuhlamba kwi-dishwasher okanye ukumelana namaqondo aphezulu, lahla inayiloni, i-PLA kunye ne-PET, kuba zithande ukukhubaza kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-60-70ºC.
Izinto eziphilayo
Umthombo: BloodBusiness.com
Ewe 3D bioprinting, unokufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso kunye nemathiriyeli:
- iipholima zokwenziwa.
- I-Poly-L-lactic acid.
- Iimolekyuli zebhayoloji, njengeDNA.
- I-bioinks ye-viscosity ephantsi kunye neeseli ekumisweni (iiseli ezikhethekileyo okanye iiseli ze-stem). Nge-hyaluronic acid, i-collagen, njl.
- Iintsimbi zeprosthetics.
- Iiproteni.
- Iimbumba.
- Gelatin agarose.
- iimathiriyeli photosensitive.
- I-Acrylics kunye ne-epoxy resins.
- I-Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
- I-Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)
- I-Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
- Polyurethane
- Utywala bePolyvinyl (PVA)
- I-Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)
- Chitosan
- Ezinye iipaste, ii-hydrogels kunye nolwelo.
Iimbumba kunye nemixube
Kukho nabanye iikhompawundi hybrid kubashicileli be-3D, nangona bethanda ukungaqhelekanga kwaye bahluke kakhulu:
- I-PLA-based (i-70% ye-PLA + i-30% yezinye izinto), ezifana nemithi, i-bamboo, uboya, i-cork filaments, njl.
- Iimbumba (i-carbon fiber, i-fiberglass, i-kevlar, njl.).
- I-alumina (umxube weepolymers kunye ne-aluminium powders).
- iiCeramics. Eminye imizekelo i-porcelain, i-terracotta, njl.
- Ii-oxide zesinyithi: i-alumina, i-zircon, i-quartz, njl.
- I-non-oxide esekelwe: i-silicon carbides, i-aluminium nitride, njl.
- I-Bioceramics: njenge-hydroxyapatite (HA), i-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), njl.
- Iikhompawundi ezisekelwe kwisamente, njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zodaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
- I-Nanomatadium kunye nezixhobo ezihlakaniphile.
- Kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezintsha ezizayo.
Ngokokusetyenziswa
Okokugqibela kodwa okunga kuncinananga, iindidi ngeendidi zabashicileli be-3D nazo zinokufakwa kwikhathalogu ngokusetyenziswa yintoni eya kunikwa:
Abashicileli be-3D boShishino
Las abashicileli be-3D yamashishini Baluhlobo oluthile lomshicileli. Ngokuqhelekileyo banobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ukongeza ekubeni bukhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, kwaye baxabisa amawaka eeuro. Ziyilelwe ukusetyenziswa kwishishini, ukuba zenziwe ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchanekileyo kunye nobuninzi. Kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kumacandelo afana ne-aeronautics, i-elektroniki kunye ne-semiconductors, amayeza, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa, i-aerospace, i-motorsport, njl.
Los amaxabiso umshicileli 3d ishishini iya kushukuma ukusuka kwi- € 4000 ukuya kwi- € 300.000 kwezinye iimeko, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu, uphawu, imodeli, izixhobo kunye neempawu.
Iiprinta ezinkulu ze3D
Nangona olu hlobo lwe abashicileli abakhulu be3d inokuqukwa ngaphakathi kwezoshishino, yinyani ukuba kukho imifuziselo eyilelwe ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle koshishino, njengabashicileli abathile abakwaziyo ukushicilela iindawo ezinkulu zabo benzi bayifunayo, kwiinkampani ezincinci, njl. Ndibhekisa kwezo modeli zingekho nkulu kwaye zibiza njengezo mveliso, njengeAnycubic Chiron, Snapmaker 3D, Tronxy X5SA, Tevo Tornado, Creality CR 10S, Dremer DigiLab 3D20, njl.
Iiprinta ze3D ezitshiphu
Iikiti ezininzi zokuxhoma Iiprinta ze-3D zokusetyenziswa ekhaya, okanye ezinye iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo, njenge Prusa, Lulzbot, Voron, SeeMeCNC, BigFDM, Creality Ender, Ultimaker, njl., kunye nezinye iibrand ezithengisa abashicileli be3D compact, bazise ushicilelo lwe3D kumakhaya amaninzi ngokunjalo. Yintoni ngaphambili kuphela iinkampani ezimbalwa ezinokuthi zifikelele, ngoku inokuba nexabiso elifanayo nabashicileli besiqhelo.
Ngokubanzi, aba bashicileli yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa bucala, njengabathandi be-DIY okanye abenzi, okanye kwabanye abazimele abafuna ukwenza iimodeli ezithile ngamaxesha athile. Kodwa ayenzelwanga ukwenza iimodeli ezinkulu, hayi kakhulu okanye ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye, ubukhulu becala, zenziwe nge-resin okanye i-plastiki filament.
Ipensile ye-3d
Ekugqibeleni, ukugqiba eli nqaku, andizange ndifune ukuzishiya ngasemva Iipensile ze-3D. Ayizizo ezinye zeentlobo zabashicileli be-3D abanjalo, kodwa baneenjongo ezifanayo kwaye banokusebenza kakhulu ukwenza imifuziselo elula, yabantwana, njl.
Ngaba ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ngokusisiseko zizishicileli ze3D eziphathwa ngesandla ezimile okwepen yokwenza imizobo ngomthamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa imicu yeplastiki efana ne-PLA, i-ABS, njl., kwaye ukusebenza kwabo kulula kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko ziplaga kwindawo yombane kwaye zifudumale njengeentsimbi zokuthambisa okanye imipu yeglu eshushu. Yile ndlela banyibilikisa ngayo iplastiki eya kuhamba ngencam ukwenza umzobo.
Olunye ulwazi
- Eyona Resin 3D Printers
- Iskena se3D
- Iinxalenye zeprinta ze-3D
- Iifilaments kunye neresin yeeprinta ze3D
- Abashicileli be-3D boShishino abagqwesileyo
- Abashicileli be3D abangcono kakhulu basekhaya
- Abashicileli be3D abaphantsi kakhulu
- Uwukhetha njani owona mshicileli we-3D ungcono
- Konke malunga ne-STL kunye neefomati zoshicilelo ze-3D
- Isikhokelo sokuQalisa uShicilelo lwe-3D