Xa ufunda ulwimi olutsha lwenkqubo, njengaye iarduino, ungasoloko ubona ukuba kukho ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zedatha ukubhengeza izinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nezizinzileyo ezinokuphathwa ngexesha lenkqubo. Ezi ntlobo zedatha ziyahluka ngobude kunye nohlobo ngokuxhomekeke kulwimi okanye iqonga (i-architecture) oyiprogramu kuyo, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi zifana.
Kule nto tutorial Uya kukwazi ukufunda ukuba yintoni olu hlobo lwedatha, zingaphi, kutheni zahluke, njl. Ngale ndlela, xa ubhala ikhowudi yomthombo, uya kuba nokuqonda ngcono okwenzayo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zedatha?
Kwikhompyutha, iintlobo zedatha Zizimpawu ezibonisa malunga nodidi lwedatha (inamba engatyikitywanga, inombolo esayiniweyo, indawo edadayo, imitya yealphanumeric, imatrices, ...) ephathwayo. Oku kukwathetha imida ethile okanye izithintelo ngedatha, kuba kufuneka bahloniphe uluhlu lweefom kunye nefomathi. Abanakuthabatha naliphi na ixabiso, kwaye abanako ukurhweba ngayo nangayiphi na indlela.
Ukuba singene ityala ArduinoLe bhodi yophuhliso ayiyonto ngaphandle kwekhompyuter encinci edibeneyo, ene-MCU okanye i-microcontroller eyenziwe yimemori, i-CPU yokucubungula, kunye nenkqubo ye-I / O. Kwi-CPU kukho uluhlu lweeyunithi zokubala, ezifana ne-ALU okanye iyunithi ye-arithmetic-logical, engakhathali ukuba luhlobo luni lwedatha, kuba yinto nje yokwenza imisebenzi kunye ne-zero kunye nezinye, kodwa icala Isoftware ayinamsebenzi, kuba kumsebenzisi okanye umdwelisi wenkqubo kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba imalunga nantoni (nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo, ukuphepha ukuphuphuma, ubuthathaka, njl.).
Iintlobo zedatha kwi-Arduino IDE
Ukuba sele ukhuphele wethu free Arduino programming course, okanye ukuba sele unolwazi lwenkqubo kweli qonga okanye nayiphi na enye, uya kube uyazi ukuba kukho iindidi ezininzi zedatha. Ngokukodwa, ulwimi lwenkqubo olusetyenziswa yi-Arduino lusekelwe kwi-C ++, ngoko ngaloo ndlela ifana kakhulu. Umzekelo, ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- yibhulu (8 bit): idatha yeBoolean, oko kukuthi, ingqiqo, kwaye inokuthatha ixabiso eliyinyaniso okanye elingeyonyani.
- byte (8 bit): inokuba ukusuka ku-00000000 ukuya ku-11111111, oko kukuthi, ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-255 kwidesimali.
- Ashley (8-bit): Le byte inokuqulatha iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoonobumba, njengamanani asayiniweyo phakathi kwe--128 kunye ne +127, kunye nonobumba.
- igama elingatyikitywanga (8-bit): iyafana ne-byte.
- igama (i-16-bit): ligama elibunjwe ngee-bytes ezi-2, kwaye linokuba linani elingabhalwanga phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-65535.
- engatyikitywanga (16-bit): inani elipheleleyo elingatyikitywanga, elifana negama.
- int (16-bit) - Inani elipheleleyo esayiniweyo ukusuka ku -32768 ukuya +32767.
- engasayinwanga ixesha elide (32-bit): isebenzisa iibhayithi ezine ngobude obukhulu, ikwazi ukubandakanya amanani phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-4294967295.
- elide (32-bit): ifana neyokuqala, kodwa inokubandakanya uphawu, ngoko kuya kuba phakathi -2147483648 kunye +2147483647.
- edadayo (32-bit): linani lendawo edadayo, oko kukuthi, inani elineedesimali phakathi kwe-3.4028235E38 kunye ne-3.4028235E38. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-microcontroller ye-Atmel Atmega328P i-Arduino esekwe kuyo ayinankxaso yamanani amanqaku adadayo kwaye inomda we-8-bit kuyilo lwayo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokusetyenziswa kuba umqokeleli uyakwazi ukuvelisa ulandelelwano lwekhowudi olukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo kuphela usebenzisa iiyunithi ezilula zokubala ze-MCU.
Kusenokubakho ezinye iintlobo zedatha ukuntsonkotha ngakumbi, okunje ngoluhlu, izikhombisi, imitya yokubhaliweyo, njl.njl.