Isikhokelo sokugqibela: Ungasikhetha njani iPrinta ye-3D

Xa unemibuzo xa uthenga, akukho nto ingcono kunokwazi ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo kwaye loluphi uhlobo lomshicileli olona lufanelekileyo kwimeko nganye. Kwaye yile nto kanye esikubonisa yona kwesi sikhokelo: indlela yokukhetha umshicileli we-3d. Ukongeza, uya kuba nakho ukufunda amanye amanyathelo okuqala emva kokuthenga ikhompyuter phambi kokubonakala kokuqala.

Yintoni omele uyiqwalasele ngaphambi kokukhetha imodeli

Ngaphambi kokuba ube nexhala malunga nohlobo kunye nemodeli ye-3D yomshicileli oza kuyithenga, Into yokuqala kukuzibuza uthotho lwemibuzo ukuqonda loluphi uhlobo lomshicileli we3d olufunayo. Ke, loo mibuzo ibalulekileyo yile:

• Ndingatyala malini? Ukuba uza kuthenga umshicileli we-3D, nokuba yeyokusetyenziswa kwekhaya okanye yobuchwephesha, ngomnye wemibuzo engundoqo. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwamaxabiso, kwaye ukwazi ukuba yimalini ekhoyo yokuthenga kunokunciphisa inani leentlobo kunye neemodeli onazo ezandleni zakho. Uhlobo lokucoca ukunqanda ukuchitha ixesha ngezixhobo ongenakukwazi ukufikelela kuzo, kwaye kuya kukuthatha ukuba iiprinta ezingamaxabiso angama-3d, okanye abashicileli abaqhelekileyo be3d basekhaya, kwaye nokuba abashicileli be-3D yamashishini.
• Ndiyifunela ntoni? Ibaluleke kanye njengowokuqala lo mba omnye. Kuxhomekeke kwinto oza kuyisebenzisela umshicileli we-3D, uya kufuna uhlobo olunye okanye olunye, apho unokuhlawula khona. Oko kukuthi, esinye isihluzo sokunciphisa ngakumbi iinketho. Ukusuka kwimpendulo yalo mbuzo ithathwa ukuba ingaba izakuba ngumshicileli we-3D wosetyenziso lwabucala okanye lobuchwephesha, iimpawu ekumele ukuba nazo, ubungakanani bemifuziselo enokuyiprinta, njl. Umzekelo:
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya: Phantse nayiphi na iteknoloji efikelelekayo kunye naluphi na uhlobo lwempahla lunokusetyenziswa. Njenge-FDM kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-PLA, i-ABS, kunye ne-PET-G. Khumbula ukuba ukuba ufuna ukuba badibane nokutya okanye iziselo, kufuneka zibe zizixhobo ezikhuselekileyo.
  • Izinto zangaphandle: Inokuthi ibe yi-FDM, ekubeni iteknoloji ayibalulekanga kakhulu kule meko, eyona nto iphambili apha kukukhetha izinto ezichasene neemeko zemozulu zangaphandle, ezifana ne-ABS.
  • wobuciko: kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, eyona nto ingcono ngumshicileli we-resin wokugqiba umgangatho, kunye neenkcukacha ezinkulu. Izinto eziphathekayo zinokuba yiyo nantoni na oyifunayo.
  • Olunye usetyenziso lobuchwephesha: Iyakwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-resin 3D abashicileli, ukuya kwisinyithi, i-bioprinters, njl. Ewe, kwimveliso yomgangatho omkhulu, umshicileli we-3D weshishini uyafuneka.
• Zeziphi izinto endizifunayo? Umzekelo, ukuba yeyokusetyenziswa ekhaya, unokufuna ukuba yenze izinto zokuhombisa okanye amanani, ngoko nayiphi na iplastiki inokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uza kuzisebenzisa ukwenza iipleyiti, iikomityi kunye nezinye izinto zokutya, uya kuzifuna. iiplastiki ezikhuselekileyo zokutya. Okanye ufuna ishishini ukuprinta inayiloni, uqalo, okanye intsimbi, okanye imathiriyeli yococeko… Ewe, enye into emayiqwalaselwe kubukho bemathiriyeli exeliweyo kunye neendleko kubaboneleli.
  • Ubugcisa bokushicilela? Ndibeka le ngongoma njengenxalenye yangaphambili kuba udidi loshicilelo lwetekhnoloji luyakumisela imathiriyeli umshicileli wakho we-3D anokusebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziyimfuneko, unokukhetha phakathi kwe iitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zithelekisa iingenelo kunye neengozi zayo nganye. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nokugqiba okungcono, njl.
  • Kwabaqalayo: Kubantu abaqalayo kwihlabathi loshicilelo lwe-3D, ezona mathiriyeli zingcono ukuqala ngazo yi-PLA kunye ne-PET-G. Zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzifumana, kwaye azibuthathaka njengabanye ngexesha lenkqubo yoshicilelo.
  • Uluhlu oluphakathi: kubasebenzisi abasele beqalile kwaye bafuna into engcono, banokukhetha iPP, ABS, PA, kunye neTPU.
  • Kubasebenzisi abaphambili: ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kobuchule ungakhetha i-PPGF30 okanye i-PAHT CF15, isinyithi, kunye nabanye abaninzi.
  • I-OFP (iNkqubo yeFilament evulekileyo): Kubalulekile ukukhetha umenzi onomgaqo-nkqubo we-OFP. Izibonelelo zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba iya kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise iifilaments zomntu wesithathu ngokulula. Oku kunokunceda ukugcina iindleko kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, khetha kwiintlobo ezininzi zeefilaments, kwaye ngaphandle kokwenza izicwangciso zezandla zezinye iifilaments ezingezona zantlandlolo, kodwa ezihambelanayo. Ukongeza, ngamanye amaxesha uhlengahlengiso aluniki siqinisekiso sokuba iziphumo zilungile njengezokuqala.
  • Ngakumbi: Vavanya ukuba ngaba imodeli esiphumo idinga ukusetyenzwa emva kokuba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuyo.
• Yeyiphi inkqubo yokusebenza? Nokuba ngumshicileli wosetyenziso lwabucala okanye usebenziso lobuchwephesha, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yokusebenza esetyenziswa kwiPC eza kusetyenziswa. Umshicileli omthengileyo kufuneka ahambelane ne-OS yakho (macOS, Windows, GNU/Linux).
• Ukuhambelana kwe-STL? Abashicileli abaninzi bayayamkela iifayile zokubini ze-STL/ASCII STL ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa hayi zonke. Abanamhlanje bayekile ukuyamkela, kuba ifomathi ephelelwe lixesha, nangona kusekho isoftware eqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uya kufuna ukuprinta kule .stl ifomathi okanye kwenye.
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna iNkonzo yoMthengi / iNkxaso yobuGcisa? Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ukhetha uphawu olunenkonzo elungileyo emva kokuthengisa okanye iNkxaso elungileyo yobuGcisa ukusombulula naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo ngomshicileli wakho we-3D. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kuziwa kusetyenziso lobuchwephesha, kuba ingxaki yobugcisa engasonjululwanga ithetha ukulahleka kwemveliso kwinkampani. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba banenkxaso yobugcisa kwilizwe lakho nokuba babonelela ngenkonzo ngolwimi lwakho.
• Isondlo: ukuba isixhobo sidinga ulondolozo olukhethekileyo kunye namaxesha athile, ixabiso lololongo oluxeliweyo, izixhobo eziyimfuneko (izixhobo, abasebenzi abafanelekileyo abafanelekileyo, ixesha,...), njl. Oku mhlawumbi akubalulekanga kangako kumshicileli we-3D kumntu ngamnye, kodwa yeyomsebenzi wobugcisa okanye woshishino.
• Ngaba ndifuna ukongezwa? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba, ngenxa yeemfuno zakho ezithile, uya kufuna kwakhona umshicileli onokongeza ezongezelelweyo, njengesikrini sokuchukumisa (ilwimi ezininzi) apho unokubona kwaye ulawule iiparameters zenkqubo yoshicilelo, uqhagamshelo lweWiFi/Ethernet ukuba lube. iyakwazi ukuyilawula ukude, inkxaso ye-multifilament (kwaye ngoko ikwazi ukuprinta ngemibala emininzi ngexesha elinye, nangona kukho imiqulu emininzi yefilament njengenye indlela), i-slot yamakhadi e-SD okanye izibuko ze-USB zokushicilela ngaphandle kokuqhagamshela kwiPC. , njl.
• Ndinayo indawo efanelekileyo? Ngezizathu zokhuseleko, kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo imeko-bume apho umshicileli we-3D uya kufakwa. Umzekelo, ukuba akukho zixhobo ezinokutsha kwimeko yokusebenzisa abashicileli be-3D apho ubushushu buveliswa khona, okanye ukuba kwindawo yokungena umoya kwimeko ye-resin okanye ezinye iimveliso ezinokuvelisa umsi onetyhefu, njl.
  • Ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe? Abanye abashicileli abancinci banegumbi loshicilelo elivulekileyo, elikuvumela ukuba ubone inkqubo ngokuthe ngqo. Endaweni yoko, inokuba luluvo olubi kumakhaya apho kukho abantwana okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya ezinokutshabalalisa imodeli, zichukumise i-resin enetyhefu, okanye zitshiswe ngexesha lenkqubo. Kule meko, ngenxa yokhuseleko, ngakumbi kwimizi-mveliso, eyona nto ingcono kakhulu i-cabin evaliweyo.

Ngale nto Kuya kufuneka ube nombono ocacileyo wento oyifunayo ngokwenene, kwaye ngoku ungaqhubela phambili ukubona indlela yokukhetha eyona umshicileli we3D kwiimfuno zakho.

Unokukhetha njani umshicileli we-3D we-filament kunye neempawu zayo zobugcisa:

Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomshicileli olufunayo, kunye noluhlu lwexabiso onokuthi ulungelelanise kulo, into elandelayo kukuthelekisa imifuziselo ewela phakathi kolu luhlu kwaye yazi indlela yokukhetha eyona umshicileli we-3D. Kule nto, kuya kufuneka uhlolisise iimpawu zobugcisa nganye nganye:

Isigqibo

Njengoko kunokubonwa emfanekisweni, kukho umfanekiso oshicilelweyo we-3D ofanayo onezisombululo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwesona sisombululo sibi ngasekhohlo ukuya kwesona silungileyo. Kucacile ukuba ngcono Isisombululo somshicileli we-3D kunye nokuchaneka, okukhona umphumo uya kuba ngcono kwaye umphezulu uya kuba lula.

Xa ubona iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha bemodeli yomshicileli we-3D, kufuneka ubonise ukuba yintoni na esona sigqibo siphezulu sifikelelwe (ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba ngu-Z ubude). Incinci inani leemicrometers, iphezulu isisombululo. Ngokubanzi, abashicileli be-3D bathanda ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-10 ye-microns ukuya kwi-300 ye-microns kumphakamo womaleko. Umzekelo, umshicileli we-10 µm ungenza iinkcukacha ezantsi ukuya ku-0.01mm, ngelixa inqanaba leenkcukacha lizakuba sezantsi ukuba umshicileli ngama-300 microns (0.3mm). 

Isantya sokuprinta

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiteknoloji yoshicilelo kunye nemodeli yomshicileli we-3D, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kunokufumaneka isantya sokuprinta. Isantya esiphezulu, imodeli iya kugqiba ukushicilela ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku ungafumana abashicileli abasuka kwi-40 mm/s ukuya kwi-600 mm/s, kwaye nangaphezulu kwimeko yabashicileli bemizi-mveliso, njenge-HP Jet Fusion 5200 enokushicilela 4115 cm.³/h. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe isantya ubuncinane ubuncinane be-100 mm / s, oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa umthamo ngesantya se-100 millimeters nganye yesibini.

Ngokucacileyo, isantya esiphezulu sokushicilela kunye neemodeli ezininzi ezinokucutshungulwa ngaxeshanye, ngakumbi izixhobo ziya kubiza. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, ibuyekeza olo tyalo-mali ukuze lukwazi phucula umkhiqizo.

Indawo yolwakhiwo (Shicilela uMqulu)

Enye into ebalulekileyo iya kuba kukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ubungakanani bemodeli eprintiweyo yintoni efunekayo Ezinye zinokuba neesentimitha ezimbalwa kwaye ezinye zibe zikhulu kakhulu. Ngokusekwe kuloo nto, umshicileli omkhulu okanye omncinci kufuneka akhethwe xa kubhekiswa kwindawo yokwakha.

El umthamo woshicilelo udla ngokulinganiswa ngeesentimitha okanye i-intshi. Umzekelo, ezinye zokusetyenziswa ekhaya zihlala zimalunga ne-25x21x21 cm (9.84×8.3×8.3″). Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungakanani obungaphantsi kwaloo manani kwaye nangaphezulu. Umzekelo, enye yeeprinta ezinkulu zehlabathi ze-3D inokudala izinto eziprintiweyo eziyi-2.06m.³.

Injector

Xa uthetha nge-extrusion okanye i-deposition 3D abashicileli, enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo xa ukhetha i-injector yezinto eziphathekayo. Ezinye izibonelelo ziya kuxhomekeka kuyo, kubandakanywa nesisombululo. Eli candelo liqulunqwe ngamanye amalungu abalulekileyo:

Ingcebiso eshushu

Liqhekeza eliphambili, kuba inoxanduva lokunyibilikisa umcu ngeqondo lobushushu. Ubushushu obufikelelweyo buxhomekeke kwiindidi zezinto ezamkelwa ngumshicileli we-3D kunye namandla ayo. Ukongeza, la macandelo ahlala ane-sink yokushisa kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa umoya esebenzayo ukukhusela ukushisa okukhulu.

Umlomo

Le enye inxalenye ifakwe kwi-tip eshushu, njengoko ubona kumfanekiso, kunye nezinye iindawo ezi-5. Kukuvulwa kwentloko yoshicilelo ye-3D uphuma phi umsonto otyhidiweyo. Isiqwenga esinokuthi senziwe ngobhedu, intsimbi eqinile, njl. Kukho ubungakanani obahlukeneyo (kulinganiswa ngeemilimitha ububanzi, umz: umgangatho 0.4mm):

• Ingcebiso enokuvulwa okukhulu kunokufikelela kwizantya ezikhawulezayo zoshicilelo kunye nokuncamathela okungcono. Nangona kunjalo, iya kuba nesisombululo esisezantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ezo ze-0.8 mm, 1 mm, njl.
• Iingcebiso ezinemingxuma emincinci zicotha, kodwa zivumela iinkcukacha ezingcono okanye isisombululo. Umzekelo, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, njl.

Isandi

El i-extruder ikwelinye icala lencam eshushu, kwaye yiyo ejongene nokukhupha izinto ezityhidiweyo, kwaye iquka iinxalenye ezininzi "zomqala" okanye indlela eyenziwa yinto etyhidiweyo. Ungafumana iindidi ezininzi:

• Ngqo: Kule nkqubo, i-filament ishushu kwi-coil kwaye i-roller iyayityhalela ngakwi-nozzle, idlula kwigumbi elinyibilikayo kwaye iphume ngokuvula.
• Bowden: kule meko, ukufudumeza kwenziwa kwinqanaba langaphambili, kufuphi ne-filament roll, kwaye izinto ezityhidiweyo zigqithiswa ngombhobho owuthatha kwi-nozzle.

Umthombo: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Basic-diagram-of-FDM-3D-printer-extruder-a-Direct-extruder-b-Bowden-extruder_fig1_343539037

Nganye kwezi ndlela extrusion has eziluncedo nezingeloncedo:

• Ngqo:
  • Inzuzo:
    • I-extrusion engcono kunye nokurhoxiswa.
    • Iinjini ezixineneyo ngakumbi.
    • Uluhlu olubanzi lweefilaments.
  • Iingxaki:
    • Ubunzima obuninzi entloko, obunokubangela ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo kunye nezinye iingxaki.
• ityhubhu nganye:
  • Inzuzo:
    • Ikhaphukhaphu.
    • Khawuleza
    • Ukuphucula ukuchaneka.
  • Iingxaki:
    • Kukho iindidi ezimbalwa zefilament ezihambelana nale ndlela. Ngokomzekelo, ii-abrasives azikwazi ukudlula kwi-tube.
    • Udinga umgama ongaphezulu wokurhoxisa.
    • Injini enkulu.

Ubhedi ofudumeleyo

Ayizizo zonke iiprinta ze-3D ezinebhedi eshushu, nangona zingathengwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Le nkxaso okanye isiseko apho isiqwenga siprintwa khona, kodwa sinomsebenzi othile ngokubhekiselele kwiziseko okanye iibhedi ezibandayo. Kwaye kunjalo iyatshisa ukugcina indawo ekulahlekeni kobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yoshicilelo, ukufezekisa ukunamathela okungcono phakathi kweeleya.

Ayizizo zonke izixhobo ezifuna le element, kodwa ezinye ezifana inayiloni, HIPS, ABS, njl., bayayidinga ibhedi eshushu ukuze iileya zinamathele ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-PET, i-PLA, i-PTU, njl., ayifuni le nto, kwaye sebenzisa isiseko esibandayo (okanye ibhedi eshushu iyakhethwa).

Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto zeplate, ezo zimbini zixhaphake kakhulu aluminiyam kunye neglasi. Ngamnye wabo uneenzuzo kunye neengxaki zabo:

• ICristal: Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe nge-borosilicate ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Kulula ukuyicoca kwaye iyaxhathisa ngakumbi kwi-warping, ke uya kuba nesiseko esigudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki onayo kukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukutshisa kwaye unokufuna ukusebenzisa into eyongezelelweyo ukuphucula ukunamathela.
• IAluminiyam: Yi-conductor ye-thermal enhle kakhulu, ngoko iya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, inonamathela kakuhle. Kwelinye icala, inokukrweleka kwaye ijijwe ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke kufuneka itshintshwe.
• izigqubuthelo: Kukho nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zibekwe kwi-aluminium okanye kwiibhedi zeglasi. Umzekelo i-buildank plates, i-PEI, njl.
  • buildank: Inonamathela kakuhle, kodwa umphezulu wayo wonakaliswa ngokulula ukuba awukhathalelwanga.
  • PEI: olu hlobo lweepleyiti zezinto eziphathekayo luxhathisa ngakumbi kunezo zangaphambili, kwaye lunokunamathela kakuhle. I-drawback kukuba iileya ezimbalwa zokuqala zinokunamathela kunye ngendlela yokuba unokuba neengxaki kamva xa uzama ukuzisusa.

Umlandeli

Ekubeni umshicileli we-3D we-filament, kunye nezinye iiteknoloji, zifuna umthombo wobushushu iyanyibilika izinto, ezinye iindawo zentloko ziya kutshisa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba nenkqubo yokupholisa efanelekileyo ukuzama ukugcina ubushushu bulawulwa. Kwaye oku kukho abalandeli beeprinta ze-3D.

kukho ze ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo kwaye, ngokubanzi, bonke abashicileli be-3D baneenkqubo zokupholisa ngokweemfuno zemodeli. Kodwa ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu (lilinganiswe kwi-extruder head thermal sensor probe), kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokunyusela kwinkqubo engcono. Ukunqanda le nkcitho yongezelelweyo, jonga kakuhle kwiinkcukacha malunga nale ndawo yomshicileli wakho wexesha elizayo.

Ikhamera edityanisiweyo

Oku kunokuqondwa njengento eyongezelelweyo, nangona iya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo iistreamers okanye ii-youtubers ukuba irekhodi iiseshini yoshicilelo 3D ukwenza izifundo, ukubonisa indlela baye benza isiqwenga, okanye ezo timelapses fantastic inokubonwa kwi-intanethi.

Ezi khamera zinokubandakanywa kwiimodeli ezithile zothotho, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kuya kufuneka zibe njalo yithenge ngokuzimeleyo. Abanye abasebenzisi bade bafake ezininzi ukufumana ividiyo kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo, okanye ukuthatha imifanekiso kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo.

Inyuswe okanye iza kunyuswa (ikhithi yokunyusela)

Kuya kufuneka kwakhona ukhumbule ukuba uyafuna umshicileli we3d ogqitywe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ukususela ngoku usenza i-unboxing, okanye ukuba uthanda i-DIY kwaye unayo ingomso kwezi zinto kwaye ungathanda ukuzihlanganisa ngokwakho ngenye yeekiti abazithengisayo.

Ezi sele zidityanisiwe zihlala zibiza kakhulu, kodwa ziyakuphepha ukuzidibanisa ngokwakho. I izixhobo zokuxhoma zibiza ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa uya kuba nomsebenzi owongezelelekileyo ekufuneka uwenze. Ukongeza, kwiimeko ezininzi akukho khetho lwekiti, kodwa bathengisa ngokuthe ngqo umatshini opheleleyo, njengoko kunjalo kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezinye iimpawu zokusetyenziswa ngasese.

Unokukhetha njani oyena mshicileli we-3D: iimeko ezithile

Kwicandelo elingaphambili ndigxininise ngakumbi kwabo banemicu. kodwa zikhona iimeko ezithile ekufuneka uyazi ukuba ungakhetha njani oyena umshicileli we3D:

Resin 3D Printers

Ewe, ezinye zezinto ezithethiweyo kumshicileli we-filament 3D ziyasebenza nakwabanye, njengomba wesantya soshicilelo, okanye isisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, aba abanye abashicileli abanazo iindawo ezithile, ezifana nombhobho, ibhedi eshushu, njl. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukhetho lwakho ngumshicileli weresinKuya kufuneka uqwalasele ezi ezinye iingongoma:

• Umthombo womboniso: Zinokuba zii-lasers, ii-LED, izikrini ze-LCD zokuvezwa ngokukhawuleza, njl., njengoko sele ndichazile Iintlobo zenqaku lomshicileli we-3D.
• Isigqubuthelo sokucoca i-UV: kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zigutyungelwe, kungekhona nje ngenxa yemiphunga enokuthi ikhutshwe yi-resin, kodwa nangenxa yokuba zizinto ze-photosensitive kwaye zinokunyangwa ngemitha ye-UV. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka ivalwe, ukuphepha ukuvezwa kwiindawo apho umbandela akufanele uqine.
• Ukutshintsha ifoyile ye-FEP: Kufuneka ibe noyilo ukwenza lula ukutshintsha le foil ibaluleke kakhulu kumshicileli we3D.
• Umzila we-axis we-Z: Mayibe kumgangatho ophezulu, ilinganiswe kakuhle, ukuthintela ukutenxa okunokwenzeka ngexesha loshicilelo.
• Vula ukufunyanwa kwekhava: Ezinye ziquka inkqubo yokubona eyeka ukuprinta xa ibona ukuba isiciko sivuliwe.
• izinto ezongezelelweyo: Ukunikezelwa kweempawu zezi printa ze-3D resin, kubalulekile ukuba izixhobo zibandakanya i-scraper, itanki ye-resin, iphepha lokulinganisa, iiglavu, i-funnel yokugalela i-resin, njl.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi ntlobo zabashicileli ziya kuba ne Umgangatho ogqwesileyo ukugqiba kune-filament, eneendawo ezigudileyo kakhulu, ngokuchaneka okukhulu kunye nesidingo esincinci se-post-processing.

3D bioprinters

Bakwabelana ngezinto ezifanayo nezo ze-resin okanye i-filament, kuba zinokusekelwa kubugcisa obufanayo. Kunoko, unjalo bioprinters Bakwanazo nezinye izinto ekufuneka baziqwalasele:

• biocompatibility: kufuneka baxhase izinto ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezonyango, ezifana ne-prosthetic kunye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo, i-splints, i-prostheses, izicubu eziphilayo okanye amalungu, njl.
• Ukwahlukaniswa kunye nokuvala inzala: Xa usebenza nale mathiriyeli enovakalelo kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba umshicileli we-3D ube nokugquma okulungileyo ukunqanda ungcoliseko, okanye ukugcina inzala elungileyo.

Abashicileli be-3D boShishino

Las abashicileli be-3D yemizi-mveliso okanye kusetyenziso lobungcali Zisenokwenziwa kwakhona ngefilament okanye iresin, okanye zisekwe kubuchwephesha obufana ne 3D abashicileli kusetyenziso lwabucala. Ngoko ke, iingongoma ezininzi ezikhankanywe ngasentla zikwayasebenza kubo. Kodwa kukho umahluko:

• I-extruder ephindwe kabini: ezinye zibandakanya i-extruder ephindwe kabini ukuprinta ngezinto eziphindwe kabini okanye ngemibala emibini ngaxeshanye. Abanye bavumela ushicilelo oluninzi, oko kukuthi, ukwenza iziqwenga ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
• Umthamo woshicilelo olukhulu (XYZ): Ngokubanzi, abashicileli be-3D kwimizi-mveliso bathanda ukuba nobungakanani obukhulu kakhulu, kwaye oko kukuvumela ukuba uzuze ngokomthamo woshicilelo, ukwazi ukwenza iindawo ezinkulu. Ngokubanzi, abavelisi bahlala bebonisa le milinganiselo ngokusekelwe kubude abanokuthi bakhulise imodeli kwi-X, kwi-Y, nakwi-Z, oko kukuthi, ububanzi, ubunzulu kunye nokuphakama.
• Inkqubo yokuchasana nelahleko: Akunjalo ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kwimeko ethile kunokuba kwinkampani, apho ilahleko iyingxaki kakhulu (nokuba kunjalo ukuba imodeli abaye basebenza kuyo iiyure ezininzi okanye iintsuku). Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwabashicileli be-3D bemizi-mveliso baneenkqubo ezichasene nelahleko ezinqanda oku kuphazamiseka.
• Ukubekw'esweni kunye nolawulo olukude: Abanye abashicileli baxhasa ukujonga inkqubo (nge-telemetry okanye iikhamera) kunye nolawulo olukude. Umzekelo, ukusuka kwinethiwekhi efanayo engenazintambo, njl.
• Khu seleko: Aba matshini kufuneka babandakanye zonke izinto eziyimfuneko okanye iinkqubo zokukhusela ukuze abaqhubi bangahlelwa ziingozi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho abo baneenkqubo zokucoca i-HEPA kunye / okanye izihluzi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo kwiikhabhinethi zabo ukukhusela abaqhubi ukuba bakhuphe imiphunga eyingozi kwimpilo, izikrini zokukhusela ukukhusela ukutshisa, ukusika, njl., ngexesha lenkqubo, ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza njl.
• Iinzwa kunye nolawulo: Amaxesha amaninzi kubalulekile ukuba nedatha kwiimeko zenkqubo yoshicilelo, njengeqondo lokushisa, umswakama ohambelanayo, njl.
• UPS okanye UPS: iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ezingaphazamisekiyo ukwenzela ukuba ushicilelo lungayeki xa kukho ukucima umbane okanye ukucima kombane, konakalise inxalenye.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba icandelo ngalinye lemizi-mveliso lidinga iimpawu zalo ezithile kunye a umshicileli we-3D okhethekileyo.

Ixabisa malini umshicileli we-3D?

Umbuzo wokuba lingakanani ixabiso lomshicileli we-3D lixhaphake kakhulu. Kodwa akanayo impendulo elula, kuba kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lobuchwepheshe, iimpawu, kunye ne-brand. Nangona kunjalo, ungazivumela ukuba ukhokelwe kolu luhlu luqikelelwayo:

• FDM: ukusuka kwi-130 ukuya kwi-1000 €.
• SLA: ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-2300 €.
• DLP: ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-2300 €.
• Moran: ukusuka kwi-4500 ukuya kwi-27.200 €.

Inkonzo yoshicilelo (enye)

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zininzi Iinkonzo zoshicilelo ze-3D kwi-intanethi, ukuze banakekele ukuprinta imodeli obathumelayo kwaye bakuthumelele isiphumo ngekhuriya kwidilesi oyikhethileyo. Oko kukuthi, enye indlela yokuba neprinta yakho ye-3D. Oku kunokuba kuhle kwiimeko apho ushicilelo lwamaxesha athile lufunwayo, apho kungafanelanga kuthengwa isixhobo, okanye kwezinye iimeko apho inxalenye ethile ifuneka enokwenzeka kuphela ngemodeli ebiza kakhulu yomshicileli weshishini.

Iinkonzo kunye neendleko

Abanye iinkonzo ezaziwayo kwaye ziyacetyiswa zezi:

• Izinto eziphathekayo
• Iiprotocol
• I-Innova3D
• abashicileli
• yenzac3d
• icraftcloud3D
• Amava e-3D kwiNdawo yeMarike
• iXometry
• Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo

Ewe iindleko, ayizizo zonke iinkonzo ezibonisa ngokulinganayo ngendlela amaxabiso abalwa ngayo, kodwa zisekelwe kwisixa se:

• Iindleko zezinto ezikhethiweyo: ibandakanya zombini isiqwenga ngokwaso kunye nemathiriyeli eyongezelelweyo efunekayo ukuba iinkxaso ziyafuneka). Kwakhona kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisisombululo esikhethiweyo kunye nesantya.
• Sebenzi: Oku kuquka iindleko ezifana nexesha lomsebenzisi elichithwe kushicilelo, ukucoca, ukuhlela, ukugqiba, ukupakisha, njl.
• Ezinye iindleko: ezinye iindleko nazo zongezwa kumandla asetyenzisiweyo, ukuhlawulela iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, iilayisensi zesoftware, imbuyekezo yexesha apho umatshini ugcinwa uxakekile kwaye awukwazi ukuvelisa eminye imisebenzi (ingakumbi xa iyunithi okanye embalwa), njl.
• Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa: kubiza malini ukuthumela iodolo kwidilesi enikiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa nge-arhente yezothutho ephantsi kwekhontrakthi, nangona ezinye iinkonzo zinokuba nezithuthi zazo zokuhambisa.

Zisebenza njani?

La indlela yokusebenza kwezi nkonzo zidla ngokuba lula kakhulu:

1. Kunqabile ukuba ezi nkonzo zoshicilelo ze-3D ziyila imodeli ngokwazo, ngoko kufuneka uzithumele ifayile (.stl, .obj, .dae,…) ngendlela abayamkelayo. Le fayile iya kucelwa ngexesha lenkqubo yoku-odola, kunye neenkcukacha zakho zobuqu.
2. Khetha i izinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yoshicilelo, ukugqiba (ukupholisha, ukupeyinta, i-QA okanye ukulawulwa komgangatho wamacandelo agqityiweyo ukulahla iziphene, kunye nolunye unyango lwe-post-print), kunye nezinye iiparitha zokushicilela. Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ezinye iinkonzo zisenokungamkeli iyunithi enye, kwaye ubuncinci beekopi eziprintiweyo (10, 50, 100,…) ziyacelwa ukuba zibe nengeniso.
3. Ngoku uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luya kubalwa ngokusekelwe kwimodeli kunye neeparitha ezikhethiweyo. Kwaye iya kukubonisa xabiso.
4. Ukuba uyayamkela kwaye wongeze kwinqwelo yokuthenga, kwaye wakuba ugqibile, baya kukhathalela ukwenziwa kwayo.
5. Emva ziya kuthunyelwa kuwe kwidilesi oyikhethileyo, ngokubanzi phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24-72. Ezinye iinkonzo zinokuthunyelwa simahla ukuba uhamba ngaphezulu kwesixa esithile.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

Kakade ke, ezi nkonzo ziye iinzuzo kunye nokubi:

• eziluncedo:
  • Akuyomfuneko ukuba batyale imali kwizixhobo zokushicilela okanye izinto.
  • Ukugcinwa kweZero, ekubeni inkampani yenkonzo iyayinyamekela.
  • Ufikelelo kubashicileli be-3D abakwizinga eliphezulu nabakhawulezayo onokuthi ungakwazi ukubafikelela.
  • Uluhlu olubanzi lwemathiriyeli ongakhetha kuzo, kuba ezi nkonzo zihlala zineentlobo ezininzi zabashicileli boshishino.
• Ukuhlawula:
  • Ayinangeniso yoshicilelo rhoqo, kuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuthenga eyakho iprinta ye-3D kuya kwenziwa amortized.
  • Ukuba yiprototype enohlobo oluthile lwe-IP, okanye iphantsi kwemfihlo, ayisiyiyo inketho.

Indlela yokukhetha eyona nkonzo yoshicilelo ye-3D?

Kanye njengaxa ukhetha i ivenkile yokukhuphela ukuprinta Wenza amaphepha akho ngokusekelwe kwixabiso, umgangatho, uhlobo lwephepha olwamkelweyo, umbala, njl., Kukho nezinye izinto omele uzibeke ingqalelo. Akulula njengokungena kwiphepha lewebhu lenkonzo kwaye ucofe.

ukuba khetha eyona nkonzo yoshicilelo ye-3D yetyala lakho:

• Izinto: Ufanele ukhangele loo nkonzo ikuvumela ukuba uprinte kumbandela ofanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni ufuna ntoni na isiqwenga. Umzekelo, mhlawumbi uyayifuna ubucwebe kwaye ufuna ukuba yenziwe ngegolide, okanye mhlawumbi uya kuyisebenzisela ukutya kwaye kufuneka ikhuseleke, okanye inqwelomoya kwaye kufuneka ikhanyise, okanye indawo yokutshintsha injini endala kwaye kufuneka imelane nokukhuhlana kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kukho iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha, ezenza ukuba iindawo zihambe ngolawulo olungqongqo ukuze zihambelane nemigaqo yomatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Ezinye iinkonzo zinokungabizi kakhulu kwaye zibonelele abo bafuna ukuprinta into ngokuzonwabisa.
• Iziqinisekiso, ilayisenisi, imfihlo kunye nemfihlo:
  • Kubalulekile ukuba ukuba iya kuba yinxalenye yayo nayiphi na inkqubo okanye umatshini, idlula imigangatho emiselweyo yelo candelo. Umzekelo, umgangatho we-ISO:9001, okanye ezinye ezivela kwi-EU. Kukwakho nezinye iinkonzo ezigcina ilungelo lokungabandakanyi iimodeli ezinezatifikethi ezithile, ezifana ne-ITAR ukwenza izinto zokhuselo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezomkhosi.
  • Xa ulayisha ifayile enomzekelo oza kuyiprinta, iinkonzo ezininzi zicinga ukuba ulamkele ilayisenisi engaphelelanga, ngoko ke baya kuba nelungelo lokuqhubeka nokushicilela imodeli yakho kubantu besithathu. Ukuba awufuni ukuba oku kwenzeke, kufuneka ukhangele inkonzo ekuvumela ukuba usayine isivumelwano sokungadiza.
  • Ukongeza, abanye abaqulunqi bamacandelo kufuneka basayine izivumelwano kunye namagatya ayimfihlo kunye nobumfihlo ukuthintela ukhuphiswano ukuba lungayikopisha, okanye ukubathumela ikopi yefayile kunye nemodeli obathumele yona. Uyayifuna? Ngaba ungaqinisekisa ngenkonzo?
• Umthamo wemveliso yebhetshi kunye nokwandiswa: Ezinye iinkampani ezincinci zinokwenza inani elincinci lamalungu. Kwelinye icala, ezinye ezinkulu zineeprinta ezininzi ze-3D, ezikwaziyo ukwenza i-1000 okanye iindawo ezininzi kwixesha elithile. Kubalulekile ukukhetha inkonzo enokuthi ihlangabezane nemfuno yamacandelo, kwaye nokuba kufuneka kuveliswe ngaphezulu, enokuthi ithathe loo mveliso eyongezelelweyo.
• Ixesha: ayizizo zonke ezinesantya esifanayo sokuvelisa, ezinye zinokuba nazo ngosuku olunye, ezinye zinokuthi zithathe ixesha elide. Ukuba ufuna iziphumo ngokukhawuleza, kungcono uye kwiinkonzo eziqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza.
• Price: Kakade ke, ukukwazi ukufikelela kwiindleko ngumba obalulekileyo, kwaye ukuthelekisa iinkonzo nokusetyenziswa kweyona xabiso liphantsi nako.

Uyifaka njani umshicileli kwikhompyuter

Akukho nkqubo yegeneric ukufakela nayiphi na imodeli yomshicileli we-3D. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukufunda incwadi yesishicileli sakho ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, okanye iwiki okanye uxwebhu ukuba ngumshicileli we-3D ovulelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yegeneric elingana uninzi inala manyathelo:

1. Qhagamshela umshicileli kwiPC yakho usebenzisa Intambo ye-USB (okanye inethiwekhi).
2. Kuya kufuneka Abalawuli yeyakho imodeli yomshicileli we-3D kwinkqubo yakho yokusebenza (GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows,…), njengoko ingazukusebenza ngabaqhubi be-USB bezinye izixhobo. Umzekelo:
   • Abaqhubi beeprinta ezisekelwe kwiibhodi ze-Arduino.
   • Abaqhubi bemigangatho ye-CH340/CH341 chips (Mac, Windows, Linux).
   • Abaqhubi abathile abavela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi wemodeli yakho yomshicileli we-3D.
3. Abanye abashicileli baquka isoftware ebizwa ngokuba Uphinda-mamkeli, abanye kufuneka bafakele isoftware yomntu wesithathu. Umzekelo, njengaye isoftware ePhindayo yasimahla. Enkosi kule software uya kuba nakho ukongeza imifuziselo kumgca woshicilelo, ulinganise, uziphindaphinde, uzahlule zibe ziziqwenga, lawula umshicileli we3D oqhagamshelwe kwiPC yakho, iyahluka iparameters, kwaye wenze ifayile enomfuziselo oza kushicilelwa kuyo. eyona fomati yamkelwe ngumshicileli wakho, njenge G-Code.
4. Faka isoftwe yoyilo lweCAD okanye imodeli, oko kukuthi, ezinye isoftware yoshicilelo ye-3D.
5. Xa ushicilela inxalenye, layisha i-filament okanye i-resin kuqala kwiprinta yakho.
6. Kwisiqalo sokuqala, kuya kufuneka lungisa ibhedi (ulwazi oluninzi apha).

Umshicileli we-3D kufuneka isebenze. ukuba awenzi njalo, khangela ukuba:

• Iprinta ye-3D ivuliwe.
• Umshicileli we-3D uqhagamshelwe kwiPC.
• Ukuba ukhethe izibuko elililo.
• Uqwalasele isantya esichanekileyo (i-baud) iparamitha.
• Ukuba uqhagamshelwe kakuhle kwinethiwekhi (ukuba ikwinethiwekhi).

Indlela yokuprinta inxalenye yakho yokuqala

Ngoku ekubeni umshicileli wakho we-3D efakiwe kwaye kufanele ukuba ayasebenza, lixesha lokwenza uvavanyo lwakho lokuqala 3D print. Ukwenza oku, printa into elula kakhulu, ukujonga nje ukuba isebenza kakuhle. ungasebenzisa a Molo Lizwe! u Molo Lizwe!, okungekho nto kunomfanekiso wejometri olula kunye nomncinci, njenge-cube ye-20x20x20mm. Ukuba imilo kunye nemilinganiselo ichanekile, umshicileli wakho ulungile.

Ngaphambi kokushicilela, khumbula ukwenza ezimbini Amanyathelo angaphambili ibaluleke kakhulu:

• Ukufudumeza: i-extruder kufuneka ibe kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo ukuze i-filament inyibilike, edla ngokuba ngaphezu kwe-175ºC. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu alanelanga, linokuvelisa ukusilela kwinxalenye eza kushicilelwa.
• umgangatho webhedi: Ibhedi yomshicileli okanye iqonga kufuneka lilinganiswe. Oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba isiqwenga sikhule ngokuthe tye kwaye ukuze uluhlu lokuqala lunamathele kakuhle kwibhedi.

Ewe amanyathelo okuprinta imodeli ye-3D, ziyafana kakhulu nezo uzilandelayo ukushicilela ephepheni ngomshicileli wesiqhelo:

1. Ukusuka kwisoftware apho uyilo lwe-3D lwemodeli ofuna ukuyiprinta lukhoyo.
2. Cofa kwindawo ethi Shicilela, okanye kwezinye iinkqubo isenokuba kwindawo ethi Thumela kwi-3D Printer.
3. Qwalasela iiparamitha zoshicilelo.
4. shicilela! Lixesha lokuba nomonde, njengoko kunokuthatha...

La manyathelo inokwahluka kancinci kwisoftware nganye, kodwa ayintsonkothanga nangayiphi na imeko.

Hlaziya iplastiki yomshicileli we-3D

Uprinte isiqwenga ongasasifuniyo, mhlawumbi ushicilelo lugqityiwe okanye luneziphene, unefilament eseleyo,... Ukuba kukho oku kuyenzeka kuwe, kufuneka uyazi ukuba Ngaba iplastiki yomshicileli we-3D inokuphinda isetyenziswe?. Ukwenza oku, unezinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka:

1. Sebenzisa a Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo njengale, okanye njengaye i-filastruder, IFilabot, I-FilFil EVO, I-V4 Pellet Extruder, njl., ukusebenzisa zonke izinto ezishiyekileyo kwaye wenze i-filament entsha ehlaziyiweyo ngokwakho.
2. Sebenzisa kwakhona amalungu ongasawafuniyo ngezinye iinjongo. Umzekelo, khawufane ucinge ukuba uprinte ikomityi ongasayisebenzisiyo, ungayisebenzisa enye njengepeni. Okanye mhlawumbi uprinte ukhakhayi olungenanto kwaye ufuna ukuyiguqula ibe yimbiza yeentyatyambo. Apha kuya kufuneka ubeke umbono wakho ukuze usebenze…
3. Guqula into engabukeki kakuhle ibe ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Ezinye iimbonakalo ziyasilela kwaye zishiya imilo enomdla njengesiphumo. Sukuzilahlela kude, zipeyinte kwaye uziguqule zibe sisihombiso.
4. I-filament spools echithiweyo kunye neetoti zentlaka ngokwazo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokurisayikilishwa okanye ziphinde zisetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuguqulela umshicileli we-3D kwi-CNC?

Impendulo ekhawulezayo nguewe, kuyenzeka ukuba ujike umshicileli we-3D kumatshini we-CNC. Kodwa inkqubo inokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomshicileli kunye nodidi lwesixhobo se-CNC ofuna ukusisebenzisa (ukusila, ukugrumba, ukusika...). Ukongeza, kwi-HWLIBRE asiyicebisi, kuba inokukhupha isiqinisekiso okanye yenze umshicileli wakho angasebenziseki.

por ejemplo, cinga ukuba ufuna ukwenza ukugaya umphezulu, koku, uzakufuna ukukhwelisa imotor yombane ngonikezelo lwamandla kwintloko yomshicileli we3D endaweni ye-extruder. Bade bakho ixhasa olu hlobo lweeprojekthi ezilungele ukuprintwa. Kwi-motor shaft, kuyakufuneka usebenzise isuntswana lokusila okanye i-drill bit, kwaye enye iyakuba kukuthumela inkqubo yoshicilelo ngoyilo ofuna ukulukrola kumshicileli wakho, kwaye intloko izakushukuma ukuyizoba, nomahluko. ukuba endaweni Yokongeza iileya zezinto, injini iya kukrola umzobo emthini, ipleyiti ye-methacrylate, okanye nantoni na...

Olunye ulwazi

• Eyona Resin 3D Printers
• Iskena se3D
• Iinxalenye zeprinta ze-3D
• Iifilaments kunye neresin yeeprinta ze3D
• Abashicileli be-3D boShishino abagqwesileyo
• Abashicileli be3D abangcono kakhulu basekhaya
• Abashicileli be3D abaphantsi kakhulu
• Konke malunga ne-STL kunye neefomati zoshicilelo ze-3D
• Iindidi zabashicileli be3D
• Isikhokelo sokuQalisa uShicilelo lwe-3D