Uyakha njani ingalo yerobhothi ngemali encinci

Ngokuqinisekileyo abaninzi kuni baye babona kwiifilimu zesayensi yenzululwazi ukuba isazi okanye i-geek inengalo yerobhothi elawula yonke into kwaye inokuthatha izinto okanye yenze imisebenzi njengokungathi ngumntu. Into eyandayo enokwenzeka enkosi Hardware Libre kunye neProjekthi yeArduino. Kodwa yintoni ingalo yerobhothi? Yeyiphi imisebenzi esinayo esi sixhobo? Yakhiwe njani ingalo yerobhothi? Ngezantsi siza kuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

Yintoni ingalo yerobhothi

Ingalo yerobhothi yingalo yoomatshini enesiseko se-elektroniki esivumela ukuba icwangciswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwengalo lunokuba yinto enye kodwa inokuba yinxalenye yerobhothi okanye enye inkqubo yeerobhothi. Umgangatho wengalo yerobhothi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezinto zoomatshini lelo ingalo yerobhothi icwangciswe ngokupheleleyo ngelixa isixhobo singekho. Lo msebenzi usivumela ukuba sibe nengalo enye yerobhothi kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwaye senze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyahlukeneyo, eyahlukeneyo enokwenziwa ngokubonga kwiibhodi ze-elektroniki ezinje ngeebhodi zeArduino.

Imisebenzi yengalo yerobhothi

Ngokufanelekileyo owona msebenzi uphambili wengalo yeerobhothi ngumsebenzi wengalo oncedisayo. Kweminye imisebenzi siya kufuna ingalo yesithathu exhasa into ethile ukuze umntu akwazi ukwakha okanye ukudala into. Akukho nkqubo ikhethekileyo iyafuneka kulo msebenzi kwaye siya kufuna kuphela ukucima isixhobo ngokwaso.

Iingalo zeRobotic zinokwakhiwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba kube lula ukuzisebenzisa endaweni yemisebenzi eyingozi. njengokuphathwa kwezinto zemichiza ezingcolisayo. Ingalo yerobhothi nayo ingasinceda ekwenzeni imisebenzi enzima okanye leyo efuna uxinzelelo olwaneleyo, ukuba nje yakhiwe ngezinto ezomeleleyo nezinganyangekiyo.

Izinto eziyimfuneko ekwakheni kwayo

Okulandelayo siza kukufundisa ngendlela yokwakha ingalo yeerobhothi ngendlela ekhawulezayo, elula neyoqoqosho kuye wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, le ngalo irobhothi ayinakuba namandla okanye ibe luncedo njengeengalo esizibonayo kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya kodwa iya kusebenza ekufundeni nasekusebenzeni kwayo. Lo nto, izixhobo esiza kuzifuna ukwakha esi sixhobo:

1. Isitya  Arduino UNO REV3 okanye ngaphezulu.
2. Iibhodi ezimbini zophuhliso.
3. Ii-axis servos ezimbini ngokufanayo
4. Ii-servos ezimbini ezincinci
5. Ulawulo lwe-analog ezimbini ngokuhambelana
6. Iintambo zejumper zeebhodi zophuhliso.
7. Iteyiphu yokubambelela
8. Ikhadibhodi okanye ibhodi ye-foam yesitandi.
9. Isikere kunye nezikere.
10. Umonde omninzi.

Indibano

Ukudityaniswa kwale ngalo irobhothi kulula. Kuqala kufuneka sisike oonxande ababini kunye nogwebu; Ngalunye lolo xande luya kuba yinxalenye yengalo yerobhothi. Njengoko ubona kwimifanekiso, ezi zixande ziya kufuneka zibe bubungakanani esifuna bona, nangona kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubungakanani bomnye wabo ngu-16,50 x 3,80 cm. kwaye uxande lwesibini lunobungakanani obulandelayo 11,40 x 3,80 cm.

Nje ukuba sibe noxande, kwisiphelo esinye soxande ngasinye okanye umtya siya kuyibamba kwiservotor nganye. Emva kokwenza oku, siza kusika u "U" wegwebu. Oku kuyakusebenza njengenxalenye yokubamba okanye yokuphela kwengalo, eya kuthi ibe sisandla somntu. Siza kulidibanisa eli qhekeza liye kwi-servomotor ekwelona xande lincinci.

Ngoku kufuneka senze icandelo elisezantsi okanye isiseko. Ngale nto siza kwenza inkqubo efanayo: Siza kusika isikwere sogwebu kwaye sibeke ii-motor axis servo motors ngokufanayo nakulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:

Ngoku kufuneka sidibanise zonke iimoto kwibhodi yeArduino. Kodwa okokuqala, kufuneka sidibanise uqhagamshelo kwibhodi yophuhliso kwaye oku nakwibhodi yeArduino. Siza kudibanisa ucingo olumnyama kwipini ye-GND, ucingo olubomvu siya kuqhagamshela kwipini ye-5V kunye neengcingo ezityheli ukuya -11, -10, 4 kunye -3. Siza kudibanisa iindawo zokuzonwabisa okanye ulawulo lwengalo yeerobhothi kwibhodi yeArduino, kule meko njengoko umfanekiso ubonisile:

Nje ukuba yonke into idityaniswe kwaye ihlanganiswe kufuneka sidlulise inkqubo siye kwibhodi yeArduino, ekuya kufuneka siyidibanise nebhodi yeArduino kwikhompyuter okanye kwiLaptop. Nje ukuba siyigqithise inkqubo kwibhodi yeArduino, kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba qhagamshela iintambo kwibhodi yeArduino nangona sinokuhlala siqhubeka nebhodi yophuhliso kwaye sihlanganise yonke into, le yokugqibela ukuba sifuna kuphela ukuba ifunde.

Isoftware efunekayo ukuze isebenze

Nangona kubonakala ngathi sigqibile ukwakha ingalo yerobhothi, inyani kukuba kusekho okuninzi phambili kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukwenza okanye ukwenza inkqubo enika ubomi kwingalo yethu yeerobhothi kuba ngaphandle kwayo, ii-servomotors azizukuyeka ukuba ziindlela ezilula zewotshi ezijikeleza ngaphandle kwentsingiselo.

Oku kusonjululwa ngokudibanisa ibhodi yeArduino kwikhompyuter yethu kwaye sivule inkqubo I-Arduino IDE, Siqhagamshela ikhompyuter ebhodini kwaye sibhale le khowudi ilandelayo kwifayile engenanto:

#include <Servo.h>

const int servo1 = 3;       // first servo

const int servo2 = 10;      // second servo

const int servo3 = 5;       // third servo

const int servo4 = 11;      // fourth servo

const int servo5 = 9;       // fifth servo

const int joyH = 2;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyV = 3;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyX = 4;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyP = 5;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int potpin = 0;      // O/C potentiometer

int servoVal;           // variable to read the value from the analog pin

Servo myservo1;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo2;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo3;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo4;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo5;  // create servo object to control a servo

void setup() {

// Servo

myservo1.attach(servo1);  // attaches the servo

myservo2.attach(servo2);  // attaches the servo

myservo3.attach(servo3);  // attaches the servo

myservo4.attach(servo4);  // attaches the servo

myservo5.attach(servo5);  // attaches the servo

// Inizialize Serial

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop(){

servoVal = analogRead(potpin);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 179);

myservo5.write(servoVal);

delay(15);

// Display Joystick values using the serial monitor

outputJoystick();

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyH);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result  between 0 and 180)

myservo2.write(servoVal);                         // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyV);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo1.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyP);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo4.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyX);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo3.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

/**

* Display joystick values

*/

void outputJoystick(){

Serial.print(analogRead(joyH));

Serial.print ("---");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyV));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyP));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyX));

Serial.println ("----------------");

}

Siyayigcina kwaye emva koko siyithumela kwipleyiti Arduino UNO. Ngaphambi kokugqiba ngekhowudi siya kwenza iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokuzonwabisa ziyasebenza kwaye ikhowudi ayibonisi naziphi na iimpazamo.

Sele ndiyifakile, ngoku kuza kuthini?

Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwenu belungalindelanga ukuba olu hlobo lwesandla seerobhothi, nangona kunjalo lulungile ngenxa yeziseko zalo, iindleko elinazo kunye nendlela yokufundisa indlela yokwakha iirobhothi. Ukusuka apha yonke into yeyethu yokucinga. Oko kukuthi, singazitshintsha izixhobo, iinjini ze-servo kwaye sigqibe ikhowudi yenkqubo. Ayicacanga loo nto nayo Singayitshintsha imodeli yebhodi yeArduino ukuze ibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye igqibelele evumela ukuba sikwazi ukudibanisa ulawulo olukude okanye usebenze nge-smartphone. Ngamafutshane, uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba ukuba Hardware Libre kunye neengalo zerobhothi.

Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - Imiyalelo