Inzwa yesiphumo seHolo: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi kwiiprojekthi zakho zeArduino

Unokukhangela isixhobo esikuvumela ukuba ubone imagnethi ekufutshane, okanye usebenzise njengotshintsho olungadibaniyo, lwezicelo ezifuna ukhuselo lwamanzi, njl. Kwimeko apho, ungasebenzisa Iziphumo zesiphumo seHalEndiya kukubonisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ukuyidibanisa neeprojekthi zakho ezizayo kunye neArduino. Ngapha koko, ukuba uza kuzisebenzisa kunye noomazibuthe be-neodymium, izicelo onokuzifumana kuzo zininzi.

Unxibelelwano lolu hlobo lwesixhobo lulula kakhulu, njengoko ubona. Ukongeza, zizinto zombane  ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu Kwaye unokufumana ngokulula kwiivenkile ezininzi ezikhethekileyo okanye kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, ungaqhubeka nokufunda ...

Iziphumo zeHolo

Igama lalo livela ekufumaneni okokuqala, i-American physicist uEdwin Herbert Hall. Inkqubo ye- ukusebenza kweholo Yinto ebonakalayo eyenzekayo xa intsimi yombane ibonakala ngenxa yokwahlulahlulwa kweentlawulo zombane ngaphakathi komqhubi ojikelezayo xa intsimi yemagneti ijikeleza. Intsimi yombane (IHolo yentsimi) iya kuba necandelo elihambelana nokuhamba kweentlawulo nakwicandelo elilinganayo lomhlaba osetyenzisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubukho bamandla ombane bunokubhaqwa.

Ngamanye amagama, xa okwangoku kungena kumqhubi okanye kwimiconductor kwaye kukho umazibuthe okufutshane, kuyaqinisekiswa ukuba amandla kazibuthe kubathwali bemithwalo eyihlanganisa kwakhona ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli. Oko kukuthi, abathwali beentlawulo baya kuphambuka kunye neqela kwelinye icala lomqhubi / semiconductor. Njengoko unokuthelekelela, oku kubangela umahluko kumandla ombane kule conductor / semiconductor, ivelise intsimi yombane ejikelezayo kumazibuthe.

Yintoni isivamvo sesiphumo seHolo?

Ke ngoko, nje ukuba usazi ukuba isiphumo seHolo sisebenza njani, ungathetha ngezinto okanye Iziphumo zeHolo ukuba bayakwazi ukusebenzisa eli thuba lesicelo esithile esisebenzayo. Umzekelo, ngazo ungenza imilinganiselo kumazibuthe.

Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-elektroniki nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Umzekelo, kwizithuthi ungazifumana kwezinye iinkqubo zokhuseleko, ukulinganisa indawo ye-camshaft kwi-injini, ukulinganisa isantya samanzi, ukufumana isinyithi, kunye nexesha elide njl.

Into elungileyo ngolu hlobo lwee-sensors zeHolo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye, yile abadingi kunxibelelana. Oko kukuthi, banokwenza le misebenzi ukude, ukongeza ekubeni bengakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo kwingxolo ye-elektroniki, uthuli, njl., Ngoko ke bomelele kwaye bathembekile kwimilinganiselo yabo. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwabo lilinganiselwe, kuba kufuneka babe kumgama othile ukusuka kumhlaba owenziweyo ukuze babenakho ukuwubamba.

Iindidi

Ngaphakathi kwiimpembelelo zeHolo onokuzifumana Iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko:

• Analog: Zizixhobo ezisisiseko kakhulu, kunye nepini okanye imveliso eya kuthi ihambise umqondiso ngokulinganayo kumandla ombane wamagnetic abawubambayo. Oko kukuthi, ziyafana isivamvo lobushushu, ukuya kwingxabano, kunye nezinye iisenzi esizichaze ngokubanzi kule bhlog.
• yedijithali: kwimeko yedijithali, zisisiseko ngakumbi kunezo ze-analog. Kuba abahambisi imveliso ngokulinganayo ebaleni, kodwa banika ixabiso levolthi ephezulu ukuba kukho amandla kazibuthe kwaye asezantsi ukuba akukho mandla ombane. Oko kukuthi, azinakusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imagnethi efana ne-analog, ukubona nje ubukho bazo. Ngapha koko, la manani anokuhlulwa abe ngamacandelwana amabini ongezelelweyo:
  • Inqanawa: ezo zolu hlobo ziyenziwa zisebenze xa kusondela enye kwaye igcine ixabiso lazo ekuphumeni kude kusondele ipali ejongene nayo.
  • Tshintshela: kwezi ezinye, iziphumo azizukugcinwa, ziyacinywa xa ipali isuswe. Akukho mfuneko yokuzisa kufutshane nepali ukuze imveliso itshintshe ...

Ndikucebisa ukuba usebenzise iimagnethi zeNeodymium, zezona zilungileyo kwezi zivuseleli zeHolo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.

Ukuba ujonge isivamvo sohlobo lweanalog, ukhetho olulungileyo lunokuba Inzwa yeHolo 49E. Ngayo uyakwazi ukubona ubukho kumazibuthe, kwaye ulinganise nabo. Umzekelo, ungalinganisa imagnethi ekufuphi, wenze i-tachometer usebenzisa umazibuthe ukulinganisa uhlaziyo ngomzuzu we-axis okanye isantya, ukubona xa kuvulwa umnyango okanye kuvalwa ngemagnethi, njl. Esi sivamvo sinokufumaneka kwiivenkile ezininzi ngeesenti ezimbalwa, okanye enye into ukuba ufuna ukuyibeka kwi-PCB ngayo yonke into oyifunayo kwimodyuli ekulungeleyo ukuyisebenzisa neArduino:

• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba into oyifunayo yidijithali, emva koko unokuthenga Inzwa yeHolo A3144Olu luhlobo lokutshintsha, oko kukuthi, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukutshintsha ipali. Ngale ndlela uya kuba nakho ukubona ubukho bento yesinyithi, okanye nokuba akukho ndawo ingumazibuthe na, kwaye ikwenze nekhawuntara ye-RPM njengakwityala elidlulileyo. Oku kulula ukukufumana, kwaye kubiza kakhulu okanye ngaphezulu kunangaphambili, zombini zikhululekile kwaye zikwimodyuli:

• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
• Thenga imodyuli KY-003 ngesiphumo seHolo A3144

Kwimeko ye-analog kufuneka dibana nedatha yemodeli oyithengileyo. Kuba umzekelo, ngo-49E Uya kufumana igrafu yendlela inkumba yemagnethi enokulinganiswa ngayo kwaye iya kukunceda wenze ifomula ekufuneka uyiphumezile kwikhowudi yemvelaphi yeArduino ukubala ubuninzi be-magnetic flux (mT). Kwimeko ye-49E iya kuba: B = 53.33V-133.3, ngenxa yoluhlu lwamagnetic kunye nombane onokuhambisa kwimveliso ...

Into eqhelekileyo yidijithali kunye ne-analog yile inani lezikhonkwane (pinout), kumacala omabini ngu 3. Ukuba ubeka isivamvo seHolo sijongise ubuso bakho kuwe, oko kukuthi, ngobuso apho sinemibhalo ebhekise kuwe, isikhonkwane ngasekhohlo siyakuba ngu-1, esiphakathi sibe ngu-2 enye ngasekunene kwakho izakuba ngu-3:

• 1: kuzo zombini i-49E kunye ne-A3144 yipini yamandla ye-5V.
• 2: iyunithi yolawulo iqhagamshelwe kuzo zombini iimeko kwi-GND okanye emhlabeni.
• I-3: kuzo zombini ezi meko yimveliso, oko kukuthi, leyo ilinganisa okanye ibhaqe imagnethi yomhlaba, evelisa umbane ngayo. Khumbula ukuba kwidijithali kuya kuthatha amaxabiso amabini kuphela, aphezulu okanye asezantsi, ngelixa kwi-analog ungafaka ifomula yangaphambili ukwazi ukuba ifunyenwe njani intsimi ...

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi senzwa yeHolo kunye neArduino

Nje ukuba ubone ukuba isebenza njani kwaye ufuna ntoni malunga ne-sensor yesiphumo seHolo, kunye ne-pinout echaziweyo, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba injani qhagamshela kwibhodi yakho yeArduino. Kule meko, iya kuqhagamshela ngolu hlobo:

• Sele uyazi ukuba ipini 1 kufuneka idityaniswe kwimveliso ye-5V ye-Arduino ukuze ikwazi ukuyinika amandla, zombini kwimeko yedijithali kunye ne-analog.
• Ipini esembindini okanye 2, kuya kufuneka uyidibanise ne-GND okanye umhlaba webhodi yakho yeArduino.
• Kwimeko yepini 3, iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni yeye-analog okanye yedijithali enye:
  • I-Analog: qhagamshela ngokuthe ngqo ipini 3 ye-sensor yeHolo kwelinye lamagalelo e-analog kwibhodi yakho yeArduino.
  • Idijithali: kuya kufuneka ubambe ibhulorho ngepini yoku-1 neyesi-3 ngesichaso sokutsala, umzekelo i-10K yesekethe ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo nge-A3144. Ezinye iimodeli zinokufuna amaxabiso ahlukileyo oxhathiso ... Nje ukuba uthathe ingqalelo, ungaqhagamshela ipini 3 kwigalelo ledijithali kwibhodi yakho yeArduino.

Ayinamsebenzi inombolo yegalelo lebhodi odibanise kuyo, khumbula nje inani uze wenze ngokuchanekileyo ikhowudi yemvelaphi yeprojekthi yakho ukuba isebenze. Kule meko, kuya kubakho umahluko phakathi kokuba ukhethe i-analog okanye idijithali:

• Ikhowudi elula yefayile ye- i-analog :

const int pinHall = A0;
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(pinHall, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
 
void loop() {
 
  //Filtro para ruido con 10 medidas
  long measure = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      int value = 
      measure += analogRead(pinHall);
  }
  measure /= 10;
  
  //Calcular el voltaje en mV que da la salida del sensor Hall
  float outputV = measure * 5000.0 / 1023;
  Serial.print("Voltaje de salida = ");
  Serial.print(outputV);
  Serial.print(" mV   ");
  
  //Interpolación a densidad del campo magnético (fórmula)
  float magneticFlux =  outputV * 53.33 - 133.3;
  Serial.print("La densidad del flujo magnético del campo es = ");
  Serial.print(magneticFlux);
  Serial.print(" mT");
  
  delay(2000);
}

• Ikhowudi elula yefayile ye- yedijithali unga:

const int HALLPin = 2;
const int LEDPin = 13;
//El pin 13 en el esquema de nuestro ejemplo no pinta nada, pero se podría agregar un LED a dicho pin para que se encienda si detecta campo magnetico
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(HALLPin, INPUT);
}
 
void loop() {
  if(digitalRead(HALLPin)==HIGH)
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);   
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);
  }
}

Ndiyathemba ukuba esi sikhokelo sikuncedile ...