Micrometer: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngesi sixhobo

micrometer

Nangona inokubonakala ngathi iyunithi yobude, kwi micrometer sithetha apha sisixhobo esibizwe njalo. Ikwaziwa njenge ipage yesundu, kwaye inokuba sisixhobo esingabalulekanga kuyo nayiphi na into indawo yokusebenzela yomenzi okanye abo banomdla nge-DIY, kuba ivumela ukulinganisa ngokuchaneka okukhulu kwezinye izixhobo ezingenakho.

Kule nqaku uza kufunda ngakumbi malunga yintoni, yenzelwa ntoni, isebenza njani, kunye nezitshixo zokukhetha elungileyo yeeprojekthi zakho zexesha elizayo ...

Yintoni imicrometer?

ipage yesundu

El micrometer, okanye i-Palmer caliper, sisixhobo esilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinto ezinobungakanani obuncinci ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokubanzi, bahlala benempazamo encinci, bekwazi ukulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kumakhulu (0,01 mm) okanye kumawaka (0,001 mm) wemilimitha.

Ukubonakala kwayo kuya kukukhumbuza ezininzi i-vernier caliper okanye igeyiji eqhelekileyo Ngapha koko, indlela esebenza ngayo iyafana. Sebenzisa isikulufu ngesikali esiphumeleleyo nesiza kusetyenziswa ukumisela umlinganiso. Ezi zixhobo zichukumisa isiphelo sento enokulinganiswa, kwaye ujonge kwisikali sayo uza kufumana iziphumo zomlinganiso. Ewe, ubuncinci ubuncinci kunye nobuninzi, ngokubanzi ihlala iyi-0-25 mm, nangona kukho ezinye ezikhulu.

Historia

Con uphuhlisoNgokukodwa ngexesha loHlaziyo lwezoShishino, umdla omkhulu wokulinganisa izinto ngokuchanekileyo waqala ukukhula. Izixhobo ezazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha, ezifana nezilinganisi eziqhelekileyo, okanye iimitha, bezinganele.

Uthotho lwezinto ezidlulileyo, ezinje ngesikulufu semicroseter ye UWilliam Gascoigne ka-1640, bazisa ukuphucula i-vernier okanye i-vernier esetyenziswe kwi-calibers zexesha. I-Astronomy lelinye lamacandelo okuqala apho yayiza kusetyenziswa khona, ukulinganisa umgama ngokuchanekileyo ngeteleskopu.

Emva kwexesha kwakuza kubakho ezinye iinguqulelo kunye nokuphuculwa kolu hlobo lwesixhobo. NjengamaFrentshi UJean Laurent Palmer, owathi ngo-1848, wakha uphuhliso lokuqala lwe-micrometer ephathekayo. Ukuveliswa kwaboniswa eParis ngo-1867, apho kwakuza kutsala umdla kaJoseph Brown noLucius Sharpe (waseBrown & Sharpe), owaqala ukuyenza njengesixhobo esikhulu ngowe-1868.

Lo msitho uququzelele ukuba abasebenzi beeworkshops banokuthembela kwesona sixhobo sichaneke ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kodwa bekungekho kude kube ngo-1890, xa usomashishini waseMelika kunye nomqambi ULaroy Sunderland Starrett ihlaziye imicrometer kwaye inelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wayo ngoku. Ukongeza, waseka inkampani ye-Starrett, enye yezona mveliso zinkulu zokulinganisa namhlanje.

Icandelo le-micrometer

amalungu micrometer

Kumfanekiso ongentla ungabona ezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Palmer caliper okanye kwi-micrometer. Ngaba iinxalenye Zizo:

1. Umzimba: sisiqwenga sesinyithi esenza isakhelo. Yenziwe ngezinto ezingafaniyo kakhulu notshintsho olushushu, oko kukuthi, ngokwandiswa kunye nokuncipha, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukuba kuthathwe imilinganiselo engalunganga.
2. Tapa: ngulo uya kuchonga i-0 yomlinganiso. Kubalulekile ukuba yenziwe ngezinto ezilukhuni, ezinje ngentsimbi, ukunqanda ukonakala kunye nokutshintsha umlinganiso.
3. Umkhonto: sisixhobo esihambayo esiya kuthi simisele umlinganiso we-micrometer. Le iya kuba yiyo ehamba njengoko ujika isikrufu kude kube kunxibelelana nenxalenye. Oko kukuthi, umgama phakathi komphezulu kunye nespike uya kuba ngumlinganiso. Ngokukwanjalo, ihlala isenziwa ngento efanayo nomphezulu.
4. Ukulungisa i-lever: ikuvumela ukuba uthintele ukuhamba kwespike ukulungisa umlinganiso ukuze ungahambi, nokuba usususile isiqwenga sokulinganisa.
5. Ratchet: Yinxalenye eya kuthi inciphise amandla anyanzelekileyo xa usenza umlinganiso wonxibelelwano. Inokuhlengahlengiswa ngokulula.
6. Igubu eliphathwayo: Kulapho ke kubhalwe khona eyona milinganiselo ichanekileyo, kumashumi ee-mm. Abo banevernier baya kuba nesinye isikali sesibini sokuchaneka ngakumbi, nokuba ngamawaka eemilimitha.
7. Igubu elilungisiweyo: kulapho kuphawulwa khona isikali esimiselweyo. Umgca ngamnye yi-millimeter enye, kwaye kuxhomekeke apho amanqaku egubu aqingqiweyo, oko kuya kuba ngumlinganiso.

Indlela i-micrometer ye-palmer okanye i-caliper isebenza ngayo

Imicrometer inomgaqo olula. Isekwe kwi ujije ukuguqula ukufuduswa okuncinci kumgangatho ochanekileyo wokubulela kwisikali sayo. Umsebenzisi wolu hlobo lwesixhobo uya kuba nakho ukufaka umsonto kude kube iingcebiso zokulinganisa zinxibelelana nomphezulu wento enokulinganiswa.

Ngokujonga ukumakishwa kwigubu eliphumeleleyo, umlinganiso unokumiselwa. Ukongeza, uninzi lwezi micrometer lubandakanya ivernier, eziya kuthi zivumele ukufundwa kwemilinganiselo kunye namaqhezu enkosi ngokufakwa kwinqanaba elincinci.

Ewe, ngokungafaniyo ne-caliper yesiqhelo okanye i-caliper, kuphela kwamanyathelo kaPalmer iidayimitha ezingaphandle okanye ubude. Sele uyazi ukuba igeji yesiqhelo ikwanakho ukulinganisa iidayimitha zangaphakathi, kunye nobunzulu ... Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uza kubona kwicandelo elilandelayo, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezinokusombulula oku.

Iindidi

Zininzi Iindidi zemicrometer. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokufunda, banokuba:

  • Oomatshini: Zizikhokelo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukufundwa kwenziwa ngokutolika isikali esirekhodiweyo.
  • yedijithali: zizi-elektroniki, zinesikrini seLCD apho kufundwa khona ukuze kube lula ngakumbi.

Banokwahlulwa babini ngokwe- uhlobo lweeyunithi uqeshwe:

  • Inkqubo yedesimaliSebenzisa iiyunithi ze-SI, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yeetriki, kunye neemilimitha okanye ii-submultiples zayo.
  • Inkqubo yeSaxonSebenzisa ii-intshi njengesiseko.

Ngokwendlela abalinganisa ngayoUnokufumana ii-micrometer ezinje:

  • Estándar: zizo ezo ezilinganisa ubude okanye iidayimitha zala maqhekeza.
  • Nzulu: Luhlobo olukhethekileyo olunenkxaso enee-stop ezimbini okanye isiseko esihlala phezu komhlaba. Ngelixa i-spike iphuma ngokungagungqiyo kwisiseko sokuchukumisa ezantsi kwaye ngaloo ndlela ulinganise ubunzulu ngokuchanekileyo.
  • Ngaphakathi: Ziye zalungiswa ngamacwecwe amabini oqhakamshelwano ukulinganisa umgama okanye iidayimitha zangaphakathi ngokuchanekileyo, njengaphakathi kwityhubhu, njl.

Kukho nezinye iindlela zokwenza ikhathalogu yazo, kodwa ezi zezona zibalulekileyo.

Ungayithenga phi imicrometer

micrometer

Ukuba ufuna thenga imicrometer esemgangathweni kunye nechanekileyoNazi ezinye zeengcebiso ezinokukunika umdla:


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