Okoko iikhompyuter zaye zasetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, enye yezinto zokuqala ezathi zaqala ukusetyenziswa kuzo yayikuku Uyilo lweCAD amacandelo. Iikhompyuter zinokwenza uyilo lube nokusebenziseka ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zexesha, kunye nokuvumela ukuguqula uyilo ngokukhawuleza, ngokulula ukwenza iikopi zoyilo, njl.
Okwangoku, izixhobo I-CAD iguqukile kakhulu. Okwangoku isoftware efumanekayo iphelele kwaye ivumela ukwenza okungaphezulu kuneenkqubo zokuqala zeCAD. Kwaye ngokufika kwe Ukushicilelwa kwe-3D, ezi nkqubo ziye zasebenza ngakumbi kushishino nakwizakhiwo.
Yintoni iCAD?
Cad sisifinyezo soYilo oluNcediswa yiKhompyuter, okt uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter. Uhlobo lwesoftware ukuze ikwazi ukuyila uninzi lweeprojekthi kwaye isetyenziswa kumacandelo ohlukeneyo eshishini, ukusuka kuyilo lokupakisha, uyilo loyilo, kuyilo lweenxalenye zoomatshini, iinjini, ulwakhiwo lwazo zonke iintlobo, izithuthi, imijikelezo, njl. .
Ingasetyenziselwa ukuyila abalinganiswa kwaye ubasebenzise kwimifanekiso bhanyabhanya, kwimidlalo yokulinganisa, njl. Inkqubo ye- isoftwe I-CAD yanamhlanje ihambile, ivumela izicelo ukuba zibe ninzi ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, iinkqubo sele ziqalile ukuvumela i-2D, uyilo lwe-3D, ukusetyenziswa koburhabaxa, izixhobo, ukubala kobume, ukukhanya, intshukumo, njl.
Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuninzi okutshintshileyo ukusukela ekuqaleni. Kwaye ukubona loo mvelaphi kuya kufuneka ubuyele kuyo i-50s, xa ezinye iinkqubo zemizobo zaqala ukusetyenziswa eMIT ukuqhubekekisa idatha efunyenwe ziinkqubo zeradar zoMkhosi Womoya waseMntla Melika. Ngale ndlela inokubonisa into efunyanwe yi-radar kwisibek 'esweni seCRT.
Kuzo iilebhu ezifanayo, ILebhu yaseLincoln, iziseko zeemizobo zekhompyuter esizaziyo namhlanje ziya kuqala ukubekwa. Oku kuyakwenzeka kwii-60s, ukuvumela ukuba usebenzise ikhibhodi kunye nesitayile sokuzoba imifanekiso kwiscreen. Ngendlela ephantse yafana, ezinye iiprojekthi ezifanayo zaphuhliswa kwiinkampani ezinje ngeGeneral Motors, njenge projekthi ye-ITEK, ikhompyuter ye-PDP-1 enescreen se vector esinememori yokuvuselela idiski, kunye nethebhulethi kunye nosiba lwe-elektroniki ukufaka idatha .
Kancinci kancinci iinkqubo zaziphucula, iza kwii-bds (INkcazelo yeNkqubo yoKwakha nguCharles Eastman, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon. Yayilithala leencwadi okanye isiseko esinezinto ezingundoqo zokwakha ezinokudityaniselwa ukuyila izakhiwo ezimbaxa ngakumbi.
Inkqubo esekwe kwi-ITEK yaqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1965, yaba yinkqubo yokuqala I-CAD yoRhwebo Ixabise malunga ne-500.000 yeedola zaseMelika ngelo xesha. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, iinkampani zearospace kunye nezeemoto ezinje ngeGeneral Motors, Chrysler, Ford, njalo njalo, zaqala ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqala zeCAD ukuyila iimveliso zazo.
Kungekudala emva kokuba inkqubo yokuqala ifike I-CAD / CAM (UkuThengiswa okuNcediswa yiKhompyuter), Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yeCAD idityaniswe nenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuvelisa iinxalenye eziyilelwe kwiCAD. Iya kusetyenziswa ngendlela yobuvulindlela nguLokheed, inkampani kwicandelo learonautical.
Iinkqubo ze-CAD ukusuka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-70 zehla ngexabiso ukuya kwi- $ 130.000, kodwa zisabiza. Ayizukude idlule i-80s xa isoftware ye-CAD enexabiso eliphantsi iqala ukwenziwa, ngokuhambelana nokusekwa kwe AutoCAD (Autodesk) ngo-1982. Inkampani kaJohn Walker ibilawula eli shishini ukusukela ngoko, ibonelela ngesoftware engaphantsi kwe- $ 1000 kwaye iyenza isetyenziswe kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswe.
Ngama-90, iinkqubo ze-CAD zaqala ukoyisa amanye amaqonga (ngaphaya kweendawo zokusebenza zeSun Microsystems, izixhobo zeDijithali, njl. Njl.) Zeekhompyuter ezingabizi kakhulu, ukufikelela kwiMicrosoft yeWindows kunye nePC. Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu ukuya phambili, olu hlobo lwesoftware luye lwaqhubeka ukuvela kunye nokuhlisa amaxabiso, nokuba uninzi lweeprojekthi zasimahla nezasimahla ezibonakala ...
Eyona nkqubo ye-CAD
Ukuba uyazibuza malunga Isoftware yoyilo lweCAD onokuzisebenzisa namhlanje, apha unokhetho oluhle kubo. Kwaye nangona kukho ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini njenge-Autodesk AutoCAD, kuba ibhlog ye hardware libre, siya kugxila kwisoftware yasimahla:
FreeCAD
Ngenye yeendlela ezizezinye kwi-AutoCAD, ukongeza kwisoftware yasimahla nesimahla, yenye yeenkqubo zobungcali ezikhoyo ngoku. FreeCAD inikeza amava omsebenzisi amakhulu, ngobuninzi bezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye neziphumo zobungcali ngokwenene, zombini kwi-2D nakwi-3D.
Ikwaxhasa iMCAD, CAx, CAE, kunye ne-PLM esekwe kwimodeli. Indawo evulekileyoOko kukuthi, i-kernel enamandla kakhulu eyenziwe kwiPython. Ukongeza, liqonga lomnqamlezo, elisebenza zombini kwiWindows, kwiMacOS nakwiGNU / Linux.
FreeCAD
FreeCAD Enye yeendlela ezizezinye ze-AutoCAD ezikhoyo. Ikwangumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye ukhululekile, njengangaphambili. Inoluntu olukhulu lophuhliso olusebenzayo, kwaye isebenza kwiiWindows, i-GNU / Linux kunye neenkqubo zeMacOS.
Ijolise kwi Uyilo lwe-2D (kwifomathi ye-DXF kunye ne-CXF), kwaye ivela njengeprojekthi ethathwe (ifolokhwe) kwenye inkqubo yasimahla ebizwa ngokuba yiQCAD. Umsebenzi omninzi ubekwe kuwo ukuze ukhanyise kwaye usebenze kwiikhompyuter ezindala okanye ngezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, kwaye ivumela ukulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza ukuba uvela kwi-AutoCAD, kuba ujongano lwayo luyafana.
I-DraftSight
I-DraftSight sisixhobo sobungcali esivela ukubuyisela i-AutoCAD kuyilo lwe-2D, kunye nohlobo oluhlawulelweyo lokusetyenziswa kobungcali ngezinye izinto ezongezelelekileyo kwinguqulelo yasimahla. Ukongeza, liqonga lomnqamlezo le-GNU / Linux, Windows kunye neMacOS.
Inguqulelo yasimahla ikuvumela ukuba wenze, uvule, uhlele kwaye ugcine iifayile kwifomathi yendalo ye-Autocad DXF kunye neefomathi ze-DWG, kunye nokuthumela iiprojekthi kwabanye iifomati njengeWMF, JPEG, PDF, PNG, SLD, SVG, TIF, kunye ne-STL. Ke ngoko, iyahambelana kakhulu ukuba uphatha iifayile ezivela kwezinye iinkqubo ...
Isoftware yokuprinta ye3D
Ngoku, ukuba uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi kwezi nkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukuyila izinto emva koko zishicilele kwiprinta ye-3D, emva koko kuya kufuneka ube neenkqubo onokuzisebenzisela oko. Sele ndikhankanyile omnye wabo kwicandelo elidlulileyo, kuba yiFreeCAD. Ngaphandle koko, unezinye iindlela zasimahla okanye ezivulekileyo zokhetho ezinje:
- Uyilo lweSpark Mechanical-Isoftware yasimahla ye-CAD eyenziwe zii-RS Components kunye ne-SpaceClaim Corporation. Le projekthi yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa kunye noyilo lwe-3D. Ukongeza, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, ujongano lomzobo olumnandi olufanelekileyo kubasebenzisi abakwinqanaba eliphantsi. Ukukhuphela.
- Sketch up-Inenkqubo elula kakhulu yasimahla efumana ukuthandwa kuba ivumela ukukrola ngokukhawuleza kwaye inezicelo ezintle kuyilo loyilo. Ujongano lwayo lusekwe kwiwebhu, ke inokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwi-STL yeeprinta ze3D. Ukufikelela.
- I-TinkerCADIkwanayo neapp yasimahla yokuzoba iziqwenga ezincinane ezilula kwi3D. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimfundo ngenxa yeempawu zayo, ukubanakho ukusetyenziswa ngezinto zokuqala, ezinje ngeetyhubhu, amabala, iisilinda, njl.njl., Ukuze ukwazi ukudibanisa, ukujikeleza kunye nokubekwa endaweni yazo ukudala iimilo ezinzima ngakumbi. Ewe ungazithumela ngaphandle iimodeli kwi-STL yokuprinta i-3D. Ukufikelela.