Ukuqala ngeArduino: zeziphi iibhodi kunye neekiti ezinokubangela umdla ngakumbi ukuqala

Kwi-HWLibre zininzi iiprojekthi ezenziweyo ngokusekwe kwenye yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeArduino ezikhoyo kwimarike esithethe ngayo. Inyani yile yokuba amathuba amaninzi kwaye, njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka, nganye inezinto zayo ezizodwa kwaye ihlala inomdla ngakumbi kunabanye ukuphumeza iprojekthi ethile ngeempawu zayo.

Ngenxa yale nto namhlanje sifuna ukuma okomzuzwana kwaye, endaweni yokuqhubeka sithethe ngeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, thatha umoya omncinci kwaye sihlangane ukuze sixoxe ngesihloko esilula kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, xa saqala kulo mhlaba, ngewusisebenzisile kulungile.nceda njengoko injalo uqale ngaphi, into eya kuba luncedo kakhulu kubo bonke abo bantu baqala kweli hlabathi linomdla kwaye lidlala.

Ukuba ufikelele kweli nqanaba, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyithanda yonke into enokuthi ikunike ulwazi oluthile oluya kukuvumela, umzekelo, ukwenza iirobhothi zakho, wenze izinto ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla ozenzayo ekhayeni lakho ... oku kubulela kusetyenziso lweplatifti yehardware engabizi kakhulu. Ngaba siza kuqala?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhodi yeArduino, ndikhetha yiphi?

Nje ukuba ucace malunga nento ofuna ukuyenza, mhlawumbi inyathelo lokuqala kukuthatha isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ibhodi yeArduino ekufuneka uyikhethile. Yikholwe okanye hayi, inyani kukuba esi sigqibo siyakuba sisiseko sesiphumo sokugqibela osifumeneyo ukusukela Uyilo lwayo lunokuthintela izimvo zakho kancinci kwaye ngaphezulu kwazo zonke izisombululo onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza iprojekthi ukuba ivele.

Inqaku elibaluleke kakhulu ayisiyiyo kuphela ubungakanani kunye nezinto onokuzidibanisa nazo, kodwa ibhodi uqobo lwayo kuba asinakuphela kuphela ekufumaneni iArduino ngoluhlobo, ndithetha ibhodi esemthethweni, kodwa kunye nezi modeli zisemthethweni (Kukho silungelelwaniso oluninzi) kufuneka songeze yonke into esibonelelwa zizo zonke iibhodi ezifanelekileyo, into eyandisa kakhulu ukhetho lwethu ukusukela, ukuba ekuqaleni Sidinga ubungakanani obuthile kunye nesinxibelelanisi sohlobo oluthile, mhlawumbi ibhodi esemthethweni ayinikezeli kodwa iyahambelana.

Iibhodi ezisemthethweni zaseArduino

I-Arduino, ngaphezulu kweminyaka (ibisemarikeni ukusukela ngo-2006) isukile ekunikezelweni kwifomathi enye ukuya ekubeni iyafumaneka namhlanje kungekho ngaphantsi kweenguqulelo ezili-12 ezahlukeneyo apho, xa ixesha lifika, sinokongeza esele ziphelile. Okwangoku, ukuba awufumani bhodi ilungele iimfuno zakho, mhlawumbi ungafumana enye yezongezo, izandiso, kunye neekiti ezithengiswa ngokusemthethweni yiArduino kwiwebhusayithi yayo okanye nakweyiphi na yabasasazi bayo abasemthethweni.

Okwangoku, njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongaphambili, ngokusisiseko umahluko phakathi kokhetho olunikezelwa yiArduino lusekwe ikakhulu ubungakanani, uqhagamshelo kunye nobungakanani begalelo kunye neziphumo zedijithali apho ipleyiti ekhethiweyo inayo. Inqaku ekufuneka silithathele ingqalelo yimemori yangaphakathi ebonelelwa yibhodi uqobo, ukuze ubunzima (kwinqanaba lekhowudi) iprojekthi esiya kuyinyusa, iya kufuna inkumbulo enkulu.

Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo esinokukhetha kuzo, sikwinyathelo lokuqala inyathelo Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo, Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yeyona modeli isisiseko kwaye emva koko eyona inenani elikhulu lezinto ezifakwayo neziphumayo. Ngokoluvo lwam, ilungile ukuba uyaqala.

Inyathelo elinye ukuya phezulu sifumana Zero Arduino, ilungile ukuba ufuna amandla ngakumbi kuba bane-CPU enamandla ngakumbi kunye nenkumbulo enkulu kwi-RAM nakwiROM. Kwimeko apho ufuna amagalelo amaninzi edijithali onokudibanisa ngayo iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo, ukhetho olulungileyo luya kuba kukufumana UArduino Mega.

Okwangoku, iinkcukacha kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, kwelinye icala, inyani yokuba ngelishwa zininzi iibhodi zeArduino ezingezizo kwimarike, ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha kube nzima ukuzibona ukuba ziyinyani okanye zibubuxoki, ngakumbi ukuba sifuna a Arduino Uno. Okwesibini, ndikuxelele ukuba iipleyiti I-Arduino yenzelwe intengiso yase-United States kuphela, ngelixa ingaphandle kwale brand ithengiswa njengeyokwenene Umahluko phakathi kweempawu zombini yimicimbi yezomthetho kunye nentengiso.

Iibhodi ezihambelana neArduino

Ngelo xesha, ngakumbi xa unolwazi olwaneleyo lwe-elektroniki, unokucinga ngombono wokwakha ibhodi yakho ehambelana nazo zonke izixhobo zeArduino kunye nezixhobo. Yiyo kanye le mbono yokuba uninzi lwabenzi balulandele abaye bathabatha ithuba lokutsala kunye nodumo kweli qonga lokubonelela ngezisombululo, ezinye zinomdla kakhulu, isebenzisane ngokupheleleyo ne Amaxabiso aphantsi.

Phakathi kwamacwecwe ahambelanayo esinokuwafumana, kubalulekile ukwahlula ukuba, ngokoluvo lwam, ezona zilungileyo zezikuvumela sebenzisa imeko yophuhliso I-Arduino IDE Ngelixa, kwinqanaba lehardware, bayakuvumela ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kumacandelo, kuba, kumacandelo, uya kufumana abavelisi abaninzi abanezindululo ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwemizekelo eyahlukeneyo esinokuyifumana, gqamisa okwaziwayo, ngakumbi ngabahlali abakhoyo kwaye, xa ixesha lifikile, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwimibuzo enxulumene nenkxaso yezobuchwephesha:

• Freedino: Mhlawumbi eyaziwa kakhulu, le ntsapho ehambelana neArduino ineemodeli ezininzi zeebhodi ezifanayo neenguqulelo zokuqala. Imodeli ephakanyisiweyo kakhulu yi-Epic, ehambelana neArduino Mega kwaye ixabisa i $ 44.
• Zigduino: Enye yeemodeli ezihambelanayo ezongeza ukusebenza okongeziweyo phantse kwamaxabiso afanayo nalawo oqobo. Kule meko, i-Zigbee yakhiwe ngokudityaniswa kwe- $ 70.
• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo: Enye yeemodeli ezihambelana nayo Arduino Uno ezingabizi kakhulu onokuzifumana. Ixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-euro ezingama-7 kwaye kukho iimodeli ezihambelana neenguqulelo ezingaphezulu.
• Freaduin: Njengoko ubona, inkohliso yeebhodi ezihambelanayo kukuxubusha igama mhlawumbi ukuze uthathe ithuba lokudideka. Le modeli ilingana nebhodi ye-Uno kodwa ixabisa i-euro ze-18 kuphela.
• I-SaintSmart: Iyahambelana neArduino Mega 2560, ibiza ngaphantsi kwama-euro angama-20.
• XcMithombo: Enye yeemodeli zayo ezinomdla yile iyahambelana nefayile ye- Arduino Uno, kwaye iphuma nge-euro ezingama-12.
• I-BQ yeZum Core: Nangona le bhodi inomdla kakhulu, inyani kukuba kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ayihambelani ngokupheleleyo neArduino. Umbono kukuba emva kolu khetho kudalwe lonke uluntu apho ungafumana khona iimodyuli, izifundo, inkxaso kunye nendawo yenkqubo ehambelana neebhodi zeArduino.

Iikiti zokuqala zokucebisa ezicetyiswayo

Nje ukuba sithathe isigqibo sokuba leliphi ibhodi elinomdla kakhulu kwiprojekthi yethu, nokuba yeyaseburhulumenteni okanye iyahambelana, lixesha lokuthenga ikiti. Ngokusisiseko xa ukhetha ibhodi into esinayo yile, yibhodi, kodwa sidinga ezinye izinto ezinje ngentambo ye-USB apho kulayishwa khona isoftware yethu kwimemori yayo okanye ukondla unikezelo lwamandla ayo kwiimodyuli ezintsonkothileyo ezinika intsingiselo engakumbi iprojekthi iphela.

Ukuze singazenzi nzima kakhulu, kuba iimfuno zeprojekthi ziya kusenza siqonde ngokuthe ngqo into esinokuyifuna okanye esingayidingiyo, ndiza kuqhubeka nokubeka izimvo kwiikiti ezithile zokuqala ezinokufumaneka nakweyiphi na ivenkile esemthethweni okanye umhambisi we uphawu, zombini zivela kwiArduino uqobo, kunye nayo nayiphi na ibhodi ehambelana nayo. Ngale ndlela, kuxhomekeke kumacandelo afakwe kwikhithi, iya kubiza kakhulu okanye ibize kakhulu, ukhetho lukhulu kakhulu kwaye luhlukile:

• Isixhobo esisesikweni saseArduino: Ikhithi yokuqala, ngeSpanish kunye neeprojekthi zemanyuwali kunye nezahlukeneyo ezilungele ukudityaniswa.
• Kit Arduino Inguqulelo yeSparkfun 3.2: Ikhithi esemthethweni yabaqalayo kunye nenqanaba eliphakathi nayo yonke into oyifunayo kwiiprojekthi zokuqala zenkqubo kunye nokunxibelelana nezixhobo zekhompyutha. Ibandakanya incwadana epheleleyo yesiNgesi kodwa inguqulelo yeSpanish inokukhutshelwa kwi-Intanethi.
• Ikhithi yokuQala yeArduino: Ikhithi yokuqala efanelekileyo eneziqinisekiso zomgangatho. Yikhithi ethengisayo arduino.org (Inkampani elawula uphawu lweArduino ngaphandle kweMelika). Le khithi ibandakanya incwadana yespanish, isitya Arduino UNO nakwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi zaseSpain ithengiswa njengeyantlandlolo.
• Ikhithi iyahambelana Arduino Uno R3: iqulethe izinto ezingama-40 kwimeko ebonakalayo. Enye yezona ndlela zibiza kakhulu.
• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo: Ukuba ufuna ukuya kwibhodi ehambelana neFunduino, le khithi lukhetho olungcono kunebhodi eyahlukileyo.
• I-Kuman Super Starter Kit: Ilungele abaqalayo. Enye yeekiti zeArduino ezingaziwayo ezingaziwayo. Ibandakanya izinto ezingama-44, izifundo kunye nekhowudi yemithombo yeeprojekthi.
• Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo: Ikhithi evuselelwe ngo-2016 kunye necandelo elingaphezulu kunangaphambili (izinto ezingama-49). Kubandakanya ngaphezulu kweeprojekthi ezingama-20 kule seti epheleleyo nayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuze ubandakanyeke ngokupheleleyo kwiArduino.
• I-SainSmart Basic Starter Kit: Ikhithi Arduino UNO Ngexabiso elihlengahlengisiweyo nayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuqala ukuzama nokuqhuba ukuya kuthi ga kwiiprojekthi ezili-17 ngokulandela izifundo zakho. Ayibandakanyi incwadana yemigaqo enezifundo ezinyathela ngamanyathelo kodwa zonke ziyafumaneka ukuze zikhutshelwe kwaye banesitishi kwiYouTube.
• Isixhobo seZum: Ngomboniso ononophelo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nomgangatho.