Ukujonga i-transistor: ichaziwe inyathelo ngenyathelo

IRFZ44N

Ngexesha elidlulileyo besipapashe isifundo ngendlela onokuthi ngayo khangela ii-capacitors. Ngoku lithuba lenye icandelo elektroniki elibalulekileyo, injani lento. Apha ungabona ukuba kanjani jonga i-transistor icacisiwe ngokulula kwaye inyathelo ngenyathelo, kwaye ungayenza ngezixhobo njengesiqhelo njengemultimeter.

Los ii-transistors zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngobuninzi beesekethe zombane kunye nezombane zokulawula ngesi sixhobo sikarhulumente esiqinileyo. Ke ngoko, xa unikwa ukuba bahlala kangakanani, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kudibana neemeko ekufuneka uzijongile ...

Yintoni endiyifunayo

indlela yokukhetha imultimeter, indlela yokusebenzisa

Ukuba sele unayo imultimeter elungileyo, okanye i-multimeter, yiyo yonke into oyifunayo ukuvavanya i-transistor yakho. Ewe, oku Imultimeter Inemisebenzi yokuvavanya i-transistors. Uninzi lweemultimeter zedijithali zanamhlanje zinalo msebenzi, nokuba ungabizi kakhulu. Ngayo unokulinganisa i-NPN okanye i-PNP bipolar transistors ukumisela ukuba ngaba baneziphene.

Ukuba kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ufake izikhonkwane ezintathu ze-transistor kwisokethi yemultimeter ebonisiweyo, kwaye ubeke isikhethi kwi Indawo ye-hFE ukulinganisa inzuzo. Ke unokufumana ukufundwa kwaye ujonge ugcino lwedatha ukuba iyahambelana na noko kufanelekile ukunika.

Amanyathelo okujonga i-bipolar transistor

indlela yokukhetha i-multimeter

Ngelishwa, ayizizo zonke ii-multimeter ezinento elula, kunye ne kuvavanye ngendlela yesandla ngakumbi Ngayo nayiphi na imultimeter kuyakufuneka uyenze ngokwahlukileyo, nge «Diode» umsebenzi wovavanyo.

  1. Into yokuqala kukususa i-transistor kwisekethe ukuze ufunde ngcono. Ukuba liyinxalenye engekathengiswa, ungagcina eli nyathelo.
  2. Uvavanyo Isiseko kuMkhupheli:
    1. Qhagamshela i-positive (ebomvu) ekhokelayo ye-multimeter kwisiseko (B) se-transistor, kwaye ezimbi (ezimnyama) zikhokelela kwi-emitter (E) ye-transistor.
    2. Ukuba ngaba i-NPN transistor ikwimeko entle, imitha kufuneka ibonise ukwehla kwamandla ombane phakathi kwe-0.45V kunye ne-0.9V.
    3. Kwimeko ye-PNP, ii-inishiyali ze-OL (ezingaphezulu komda) kufuneka zibonwe kwiscreen.
  3. Uvavanyo Isiseko kuMqokeleli:
    1. Qhagamshela ukhokelo oluqinisekileyo ukusuka kwimultimeter ukuya kwisiseko (B), kunye nokukhokelela kukubi kumqokeleli (C) we-transistor.
    2. Ukuba yi-NPN ikwimeko entle, iya kubonisa ukwehla kwamandla ombane phakathi kwe-0.45v kunye ne-0.9V.
    3. Kwimeko yokuba yi-PNP, i-OL iya kuvela kwakhona.
  4. Uvavanyo Umkhupheli kwiSiseko:
    1. Xhuma ucingo oluchanekileyo kwi-emitter (E) kunye nocingo olubi kwisiseko (B).
    2. Ukuba yi-NPN ekwimeko efanelekileyo iya kubonisa i-OL ngeli xesha.
    3. Kwimeko ye-PNP, kuya kwehla i-0.45v kunye ne-0.9V.
  5. Uvavanyo Umqokeleli kwisiseko:
    1. Xhuma i-positive ye-multimeter kumqokeleli (C) kunye nokubi kwisiseko (B) se-transistor.
    2. Ukuba yi-NPN, kuya kufuneka ivele kwiscreen se-OL ukubonisa ukuba kulungile.
    3. Kwimeko ye-PNP, ukwehla kufuneka kwakhona kube yi-0.45V kunye ne-0.9V ukuba kulungile.
  6. Uvavanyo Umqokeleli kuEmitter:
    1. Xhuma ucingo olubomvu kumqokeleli (C) kunye nocingo olumnyama kwi-emitter (E).
    2. Nokuba yi-NPN okanye i-PNP ikwimeko efanelekileyo, iya kubonisa i-OL kwiscreen.
    3. Ukuba ubuyisela umva iingcingo, ezilungileyo kwi-emitter kunye ne-negative kumqokeleli, zombini kwi-PNP nakwi-NPN, kuya kufuneka zifunde i-OL.

Naluphina imilinganiselo eyahlukileyo Oko, ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kubonisa ukuba i-transistor imbi. Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo enye into, kwaye ke kukuba ezi mvavanyo zibona kuphela ukuba i-transistor inesekethe emfutshane okanye ivulekile, kodwa azikho ezinye iingxaki. Ke ngoko, nokuba iyabadlula, i-transistor inokuba nayo enye ingxaki ethintela ukusebenza kwayo ngokuchanekileyo.

I-FET transistor

Kwimeko yokuba ngu Abagqithisi beFET, hayi ibipolar, kuya kufuneka ulandele la manyathelo ngamanani akho edigital okanye e-analog:

  1. Beka i-multimeter yakho ekusebenzeni kovavanyo lwe diode, njengangaphambili. Emva koko beka iprosesa emnyama (-) kwisiphelo sedreyini, kunye nobomvu (+) uphononongo kwisiphelo sendlela. Iziphumo kufanele ukuba kukufundwa kwe-513mv okanye okufanayo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-FET. Ukuba ukufunda akufumaneki, kuya kuvulwa kwaye ukuba kusezantsi kakhulu kuya kufutshane.
  2. Ngaphandle kokususa incam emnyama kwindawo yokuhambisa amanzi, beka incam ebomvu kwitheminali yeSango. Ngoku uvavanyo alufanele lubuyise naluphi na ufundo. Ukuba ibonisa naziphi na iziphumo kwiscreen, kuya kubakho ukuvuza okanye isekethe emfutshane.
  3. Beka incam emthonjeni, kwaye omnyama uya kuhlala edreyini. Oku kuya kuvavanya i-Drain-Source junction ngokuyenza isebenze kwaye ifumane ukufundwa okuphantsi malunga ne-0.82v. Ukucima i-transistor, iiterminal zayo ezintathu (i-DGS) kufuneka zijikelezwe ngokufutshane, kwaye iya kubuya isuka kurhulumente iye kwinto engenzi nto.

Ngale nto, unokuvavanya uhlobo lwe-FET transistors, ezinje ngeMOSFET. Khumbula ukuba uneempawu zobugcisa okanye iidatha yezi zinto ukwazi ukuba amaxabiso owafumanayo anele, kuba ayahluka ngohlobo lwe-transistor ...


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  1.   Joni sitsho

    Ingcaciso egqwesileyo. Akwaba ootitshala bam be-electronics bebeyicacise ngolo hlobo

    1.    UIsake sitsho

      Imuchas Gracias