I-Flux: yintoni le mveliso isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa?

kuhamba

Ukuba ufunda indlela yokwenza i-micro-weld Izinto zombane, okanye ukuphinda wenze ibhola, ngokuqinisekileyo uqinisekisile ukuba uyayidinga uncamathiselo olubizwa ngokuba kukutshiza. Le mveliso ayisiqhelekanga kwabaninzi, kuba ukusetyenziselwa i-soldering ngesiqhelo nge-tin le nto ayiqhelekanga, kwelinye icala, kuluncedo olukhulu kwezinye i-solders.

Kule nto Isikhokelo ungafunda yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuncamathisela, njengokwakhiwa kwayo, injongo, indlela yokufaka isicelo, iintlobo, njl.

Yintoni iFlux?

Igama lesiNgesi Ukuhamba kunokuguqulelwa njengokuhamba, Kwaye ivela kwiLatin «fluxus» Oko kukuthi «ukuhamba». Ayisetyenziswanga kuphela kwi-soldering ye-elektroniki, ikwasetyenziswa nakwezinye iintlobo ezininzi ze-soldering njengearhente yokuhamba okanye iarhente yokuhlanjululwa, kunye nokuveliswa kwesinyithi kumzi mveliso we-metallurgical, oko kukuthi, bahlala benomsebenzi ongaphezulu kwesinye.

Eyokuqala iifluji zenziwe nge-lime, potash, sodium carbonate, borax, lead sulfate, coke, njl. Zonke zisetyenziswa kwiziseko zokucoca isinyithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njenge-arhente yokucoca okanye ukuququzelela i-solder fluxes, ukuvelisa i-solder esemgangathweni kunye nokuphelisa i-oxidation, iya kuqala ukusetyenziswa kamva.

Ukujolisa kwi umatshini wentsimbi, ongowona mxholo usithandayo apha, sisiseko (isincamathelisi, ulwelo okanye umgubo) onokuthintela ukurusa kwamalungu, usebenze njengesixhobo sokwazisa kuqhagamshelo lomoya ngelixa i-fusion isenzeka. Ukulungiselela le nto, imixube yemichiza efana ne-fluorides, i-borates, i-borax okanye i-boric acid iyasetyenziswa.

Ukongeza koku kukhusela, kwii-solders ze-tin, ikwasebenza ukwenza inkqubo elula, Ukufumana isinyithi kunye nokwenza ukuba ilawulwe ngakumbi, ngelixa zisenza ukuba izinto zihambelane kakuhle. Kwaye, ewe, iphucula umgangatho we-welding, ukunqanda ukungcola kunye nenkunkuma eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo.

Esinye isiphumo soku kuhamba kukuthanda i iqondo eliphantsi welds. Oku kunciphisa ukubonakala komonakalo kwizixhobo ezi-welding kunye nobushushu obuveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo.

Izicelo zeFlux

Ewe isicelo ukuhamba, kuhlala kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-soldering yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinje:

  • Ukulungiswa kwee-welds ezincinci, apho kunzima ngakumbi ukuqhubeka ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci bezinto.
  • Ukuthengiswa kwe-SMD kwii-PCB.
  • Ukuvuselela iBGA.
  • Ukucocwa kwezintsalela okanye iintsalela zomhlwahlwa.

Iindidi zokuhamba

Zininzi iintlobo zokuhamba kwintengiso ye-welding, nganye inamaxabiso neempawu ezahlukeneyo.

  • Ammonium bromide ngaphandle kwesinyithi esinzimaIsisombululo esinamandla se-organic bromide ye-ammonium ene-hydrobromic acid yasimahla. Abahlali beshiya intsalela kwi-weld, kwaye ukuba bayayenza, ayibangeli ukwakheka kwemingxunya (i-pitting).
  • Zinc chloride: Esinye isisombululo esinamandla se-ammonium chloride kunye ne-zinc chloride exutywe ne-hydrochloric acid yasimahla. Iyabonakala ngokulula kokusebenzisa nokusebenza kwayo, nangona ukususa intsalela kuthetha ukuyicoca ukunqanda ukwakheka kwemingxunya.
  • Zinc bromide: Olunye uhlobo lwesisombululo esingamanzi se-zinc bromide kunye ne-ammonium bromide ene-hydrochloric acid yasimahla. Njengangaphambili, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa kulula nokususa intsalela ngokuyihlamba ngamanzi. Nokuba intsalela ihleli kwi-solder, ayizukubumba mingxunya.
  • ICasero: Nangona kungacetyiswanga, abanye abenzi benza ulingelo ekudaleni ukubuyela ekhaya. Ukwenza oku, basebenzisa inowuthi encinci ukuba bayityumze kwaye baxube notywala. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lokuhamba alunakufezekisa iziphumo ezifanayo njengeemveliso zorhwebo.

Umahluko phakathi kokuhamba kunye nokuncamathelisa kwe-solder

Olunye lwamathandabuzo aqhelekileyo kukuba ngaba kukungafani okufanayo nokuncamathelisa i-solder okanye ukuba kukho umahluko. Inyani yile yokuba inzima, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi iimveliso ngokwazo ziyabhidisa kwinkcazo yazo, zisebenzisa omabini la magama njengezithethantonye. Abanye benza umahluko, kwaye babanga ukuba kukho kuphela Umahluko omncinci:

  • flow: Imichiza yento esetyenziswe kwisinyithi ukuze ifudumale ngokufanayo kwaye iphucule umgangatho we-weld, okanye ikwenze kungabikho lula.
  • Unamathele kwiSolder: isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukuququzelela ukubambelela kwezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu zentsimbi.

Kodwa, njengoko ndigqabaza, ngeenjongo ezifanelekileyo, ungayithatha njenge ntonye. Ngapha koko, kwezinye iindawo kusetyenziswa igama elinye kwezinye kwezinye. Qiniseka nje xa uthenga loo mveliso ukuba ayisiyi flux okanye uncamathisele ukubhobhoza kwemibhobho yamanzi okanye ezinye izicelo, kwaye ikhethekileyo kwi-elektroniki ...

Uyisebenzisa njani i-flux

Sebenzisa ukuhamba, okanye ukuhamba, kulula ukuba uyalandela uthotho lwamanyathelo. Ngokwenza oku, unokufumana okona kulungileyo kule mveliso. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka usebenzise uthotho lwamanyathelo okhuseleko, njengokuwasebenzisa kwigumbi elinomoya njengoko iyikhemikhali enokuvelisa umphunga, ukunxiba iiglasi kunye nemaski, kunye neiglavu.

Las imiyalelo ukusebenzisa ukubhobhoza kwesinyibiliko ngu:

  1. Coca nakuphi na ukungcola okunokubakho kwindawo ye-welding, ukuba ikho.
  2. Faka umaleko omncinci wokuhamba kuloo ndawo okanye kuzo zombini. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba iindawo zigcwele apho kuya kubakho ukuwelda. Kwakhona, ukuba indawo ishushu ngandlela ithile, kungcono.
  3. Emva koko i-welding iyenziwa njengoko ibiya kwenziwa njalo, kuxhomekeka ekubeni yi-SMD welding, i-reballing, njl.
  4. Okokugqibela, coca nayiphi na iflux eseleyo.

Malunga nenqaku lokugqibela, kukho impikiswano malunga nokuba ucoce okanye awucocekanga. Ngapha koko, ayithandabuzi kuphela i-hobbyists (okanye i-welding yesandla), ikwangathandabuzeki kwishishini (i-automated welding). Abavelisi abaninzi bayayityeshela inxalenye yemveliso emva kokungabikho kwezixhobo ezizenzekelayo kwaye ngokuthembela ekusebenzeni koomatshini osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amalungu ngokudibana ngokwaneleyo.

Endaweni yokuziva unqabisekile ngokhuseleko kunokukhokelela ekungakhathalelweni ungcoliseko lombane ziveliswe kumacandelo athile kwaye kubonakala ngathi azivelisi iziphumo ezibi, nangona oko kungaphelisa ukusilela kwexesha elide.

Xa isetyenziswa ucingo flux core solder okanye ukubhobhoza, oku kuqukuqela kuhlala kuyindawo eqinileyo enendawo yokunyibilika kunentsimbi eyijikelezileyo. Kwezi ntlobo ze-welds, xa incam yesinyithi ichukumisa ucingo, ukuhamba kuye kube lulwelo kwaye kunwenwe ngaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo silandela ubushushu kunye nokuhamba, okwenza ibhondi. Njengoko kunokuncitshiswa, kuba ifuna ubushushu bunyibilike, umngcipheko wongcoliseko uphantsi kakhulu ...

Kwelinye icala, oku akunjalo kwezinye iinkqubo ze-soldering apho kusetyenziswa ngakumbi ukubhoboka ngenxa yeempawu ze-solder, umzekelo kwi-SMD. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimveliso «Akukho Zicocekileyo» ulwelo ezingadingi kucocwa, kodwa kufuneka zibonakaliswe kubushushu ukuze zingene.

Kukho izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuhlanjululwa okanye ukucocwa, ezinje ngee-solvents ezinje nge-isopropyl alcohol (IPA), kunye nokusula, ii-swabs, njl. Kuya kufuneka ufunde ngononophelo umkhombandlela womvelisi wokusetyenziswa kunye neengcebiso ukumisela indlela echanekileyo.

Umzekelo, xa usenza isaveering egcweleyo, oko kuqinisekisiwe, kodwa hayi kwezinye iindlela apho kusetyenziswa i-point-to-point soldering okanye i-reballing. Kwezo meko, ubushushu bendawo bunokungonelanga hlula izinto ezibangela yekhemikhali kwaye uyenze ingangeni. Kwaye yingxaki eseleyo ngaphandle kwendawo ye-weld okanye isasazeka phantsi okanye ngaphezulu kwezinto.

Ugcina njani ukubhobhoza

Nje ukuba ugqibile ukusebenzisa ukuhamba, ukuze igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo kufuneke u:

  • Shiya ukufuduka kwibhotile yayo yoqobo kwaye uyivale kakuhle.
  • Isikhongozeli kufuneka sihlale sime nkqo, kuthintelwe ukuba sigcinwe sisezantsi
  • Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, isezantsi iqondo lobushushu, kokukhona kungcono. Ukuyishiya kwindawo eyomileyo okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kufuneka kuthintelwe kuzo zonke iindleko.
  • Ukuba uyigcine endaweni kubushushu obuphantsi (5-6ºC) njengoko abanye abavelisi becebisa, ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kwakhona kuya kufuneka uyishiye malunga neeyure ezingama-6 kubushushu begumbi ukuze ifikelele kubushushu obulungele ukusetyenziswa.

Ukungancedi kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweflux

Iifluxes okanye iiflux azikho simahla iingxaki, nangona isibonelelo sabo sibenza bafanele ukusebenzisa. Umzekelo, ezinye iikhemikhali zihlala zinoburhalarhume kwaye zibangela umhlwa kwizinto. Ezinye zinokuvelisa ukuphazamiseka okuthile kumacandelo, zibe ngandlel 'ithile.

Inokuba yimeko ye ngco liseko iindawo ezinobuthathaka, ezinje ngokubona okubonakalayo, i-laser diode facets, iindlela ze-MEMS, utshintsho, njl. Enye ingxaki kukuba iikhemikhali ezithile kumanzi anyibilikayo anyibilikayo, anjenge-polyethylene glycol, abangela ukonakala kweempawu zedizeli yolungelelwaniso lweesekethe eziprintiweyo.

Kwiisekethi ezihamba rhoqo, iintsalela zamanzi ezinokubakho zinokubangela iingxaki ezithile. Kufunyenwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko kunokubangela ukufakwa kombane kunxibelelwano kunye nokwakheka kwe iindevu ziintsalela ze-ionic, ukufuma komphezulu abangela bona kunye nevolthi yokuthambeka.

Phambi kokuba ndilumkise malunga nokhuseleko ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ezi khemikhali, kwaye loo nto yimichiza eguqukayo yezinto eziphilayo nayo inokuba nayo iziphumo ezibi zempilo. Izinyibilikisi ezifunekayo xa kucocwa ziyingozi, nezinefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ndiyaphinda ukuba kubalulekile nxiba iigogo, imaski kunye neiglavu yokusingathwa. Ukusilela ukwenza njalo kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ukusuka ekuchaseni ixesha elide, umzekelo, irosin fumes. Oko kunokubangela isifo sombefu kubantu abanolwazelelelo ngakumbi.

En los amehlo okanye ulusu inokubangela iingxaki. Ngapha koko, ezi fluxes zinamathela eluswini kwaye zinokudlulisa ubushushu ngcono, zibangele ukutsha.

Kuphi ukuthenga ukuhamba?

Okokugqibela, ukuba ufuna ukuthenga i-flux, ungayifumana ngexabiso elifanelekileyo kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki. Zezi iingcebiso ezithile:


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