Ukuba wenza umsebenzi we-transistor, kunokwenzeka ukuba udibaniso lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor ezikuthandayo. Sisibini seetransistors esaziwa njenge Darlington. Olu seto lunomdla kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ze-elektroniki ze-DIY, kwaye zinokufumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi kwi-IC ULN2803.
Uya kuba nakho ukufumana ifayile ye- Uln2803 zenziwe ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeentsomi iTexas Instruments, okanye iEuropean STMicroelectronics, njl. Kwaye kweli nqaku lesikhokelo, ndiza kuzama ukusombulula onke amathandabuzo malunga nale mveliso, ndikuxelele ukuba ungayithenga phi, kwaye ungasebenza njani nayo ...
Yintoni i-ULN2803?
El I-ULN2803 yi-chip, isekethe edibeneyo ngokupakishwa kwesiko kwe-DIP, njengabanye abaninzi. Oko kukuthi, ngezikhonkwane ezibini kumacala ayo. Ewe, ukuza kuthi ga apha kunokubonakala ngathi zininzi kakhulu, kodwa ngaphakathi ayinazo iingcango eziqhelekileyo, ezininzi, iifayile, Iimodyuli zangoku zenzwa, irejista yokutshintsha, okanye Umlawuli omncinci...
Ngaphakathi kwi-ULN2803 uya kufumana abaqhubi, kunye noluhlu lwee-transistors, ezinye izixhobo ebesele ndithethile ngazo ngamanye amaxesha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje: UMOSFET, BC547, 2N3055, 2N222, Njl
Yintoni idarlington transistor okanye isibini?
El IDarlington transistor Ayisiyiyo eyokuhambisa, kodwa isibini sinxibelelene ngendlela ethe ngqo. Iitransistor ezimbini ezihlanganisiweyo ziya kwenza iperi yeDarlington, evumela okwangoku okwenziwe ngumtshintshi wokuqala ukuba angene kwisiseko se-transistor yesibini kwaye aphinde andiswe.
Olu hlobo lokukhulisa lwalusetyenziselwa ii-transistors ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kodwa injineli evela Iilebhu zeBell ogama linguSidney Darlington Unelungelo lobunikazi lokudityaniswa ngo-1952. Umbono yayikukubeka ii-transistors ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwi-chip enye ye-monolithic. Uluvo olufana nolo lokwenza i-chip okanye isekethe edityanisiweyo, nangona le mpumelelo ingaziwa kuye, njengoko usazi kakuhle ...
Isibini saseDarlington siziphatha njengesiqhelo esinye, oko kukuthi, emva kokudibanisa ezi transistors zimbini isiseko esinye, umqokeleli kunye nommisi. Yinzuzo yangoku kuphela eya kudityaniswa, kwaye ke ngoko ibe nkulu kunokusebenzisa i-transistor enye kuphela. Ngokukodwa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba inzuzo eDarlington iphantse ibe sisiphumo semveliso phakathi kokubini kweenzuzo ze-transistors ezisetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo.
Las ezintle ukusebenzisa esi sibini saseDarlington sicacile, fumana inzuzo enkulu yangoku. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukulawula imisinga yobukhulu obuphezulu ngesiseko esincinci sangoku. Kodwa ikwanazo izinto ezisezantsi, njengokutshintsha kwesigaba esikhulu kumaza aphakamileyo kunokuba usebenzisa i-transistor enye, eyenza ukuzisebenzisa kwimijikelo engalunganga yokufumana ingxelo.
Kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela ingxaki ehambelana nayo Kwisibini seDarlington, ukusukela ukuba ukwehla kwamandla ombane phakathi kwesiseko kunye nokukhupha kukhulu ngenxa yesiphambuka esikhoyo esiphindwe kabini (esilingana nesixa sazo zombini amathontsi endibano zombini).
La Umbane wokugcwala ukuba banayo ikwangomnye umda. Kwinqanaba elisebenzayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amandla aphelileyo amakhulu, oko kukuthi, ubushushu obungaphezulu. Kwaye ukuqhubeka nokungahambi kakuhle, ukunciphisa isantya sokutshintsha yenye into ethintelayo, kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa kwiisekethe apho kufuneka khona ukukhawuleza okukhulu. I-transistor yokuqala ayinakho ukuthintela isiseko sangoku sesibini, ukunciphisa ukucima ...
Ezi transistors zaseDarlington zinokufunyanwa zombini kufakwe ngaphakathi ngokwahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, isibini esinye kuphela, okanye kwiisekethi ezihlanganisiweyo kunye notshintsho oluninzi lweDarlington njenge-ULN2803.
Idatha kunye ne-pinout ye-ULN2803
Ukusebenza kwe-ULN2803 kulula kakhulu kwaye indibano yayo nayo ilula kakhulu. Le setyhula idityanisiweyo ineeseti Amasango abuyayo ayi-8 ngaphakathi kwenziwe ngogqithiso lweDarlington, kule meko kusetyenziswa i-NPN transistors. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nakho ukudibanisa ezinye izixhobo ezinesidingo esomeleleyo sangoku, ezinje Iimoto ezihamba ngaphandle ngendlela ye umqhubi, Ukubuyisela, Njl
Ke ngoko, i-ULN2803 cisekethe eguqukayo kakhulu enokubonwa kwinkitha yeeprojekthi zomenzi njengokuphuma kwemijikelezo yedijithali yokuqhuba ii-actuator, iimoto zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinye izinto. Zonke zinokuphathwa ngombane ophantsi, zivuma imisinga yemfuno ephezulu enje nge-500 mA okanye i-0.5A, ethi yona ye-elektroniki ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuxhasa ukubonelelwa kunye nokuveliswa kwedijithali ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50v, Ukuguqula imiqondiso ye-5v ye-TTL yedijithali kuwo nawaphi na ombane ukuya kwi-50 volts. Lo msebenzi usebenzayo yinto eyaziwa ngokuba ngumqhubi, oko kukuthi, isebenza njengoluhlobo lwento ezahlula ngokungathi sisithintelo se-elektroniki, ikhusela imijikelezo yedijithali evela kwabanye efuna ivolthi ephezulu kunye namandla.
Ungazibona zonke iimpawu ezigcweleyo kunye pinout kwiphepha ledatha umenzi. Umzekelo, zimbini zezona ziqhelekileyo:
Ixabiso kunye nendawo yokuthenga
Akunzima kakhulu ukufumana ukuba uyazi ukuba ujonge phi. Ixabiso layo liphantsi, kwaye unako thenga kwiicupgroups ze-ULN2803 ukuba ufuna ezininzi. Umzekelo, enye yexabiso eliphantsi yile Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo onokuyithenga apha malunga ne- € 1.
Iprojekthi yokuqala ene-ULN2803
Enye yeesekethe eziphambili ezilula ezihlala zenziwe nge-ULN2803 ukubonisa indlela yokuziphatha ngayo inqanaba lamanzi emitha. Ilula kakhulu, enkosi kumasango ayo ama-8 aguqukayo enziwe ngeDarlington kwaye isebenzisa malunga ne-8 10k ze-resistors kunye nezinye ii-560 ohms, kunye nezinye ii-LED ezi-8, imitha inokulunga. Unokongeza i-buzzer, okanye ibhodi yeArduino ukuze xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, cwangcisa umlawuli omncinci enze isenzo esithile, usike ivelufanjl. Umdibaniso uphezulu kakhulu.
El indibano njengoko ubona ilula kakhulu kanjalo. Ibango langoku elisezantsi kwigalelo lalo (impedance ephezulu) ye-ULN2803 yokwenza ukuba kuqhutyekwe ukuhanjiswa kweetransistors kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuntywilisela abaqhubi abadityaniswe kwi-chip kwitanki lamanzi kwaye ukuqhuba kwamanzi ngokwawo kwanele ukusebenzisa umbane umqondiso wokuzisebenzisa.
Ngale ndlela, njengoko amanzi efikelela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo umqhubi ngamnye kwaba-8, iya kwenza ii-LED zisebenze kwimveliso yayo kunye ne-buzzer ekhupha ibhiphu xa itanki lamanzi ligcwalisiwe.
Como uluvo olongezelelweyo, ungadibanisa iziphumo nganye kwizikhonkwane ze-Arduino, ukuze xa ifikelela kwinqanaba lokuqala lomzobo wokwenza isenzo se-X, xa ifikelela kwinqanaba lesibini isenzo se-Y, njalo njalo. Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa ii-relays endaweni yee-LEDs kwimveliso, eya kuthi ivumele ukwenza kusebenze okanye kulawulwe imijikelezo okanye izixhobo ezinamandla amakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elifikelela kwinqanaba elinye okanye elinye, ezinje ngee-electrovalves okanye iivevithi ezilawulwa ngombane.