Abanye abasebenzisi zibuze ukuba iRaspberry Pi ineBIOS okanye i-UEFI, njengezinye iikhompyuter, kuba i-UEFI, njengoko usazi, ikwaxhaswa kwiikhompyuter esekwe kwiArm, njengoko kunjalo le SBC ithandwa kakhulu kwaye itshiphu. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba abafana be-raspberry baye bakhetha esinye isisombululo.
Apha uya kufunda ukuba siyintoni na eso sisombululo kunye nezizathu zokuba kutheni ayisebenzisi le firmware, ukongeza ekuboniseni ukuba olunye uqwalaselo lwenziwa njani kwiRaspberry Pi xa kungekho Menu yokuSeta njengakwiikhompyuter...
Kutheni iRaspberry Pi ingasebenzisi BIOS/UEFI?
Njengoko uyazi, i I-BIOS okanye i-UEFI yi-firmware ekhoyo kubuninzi beekhompyuter, zombini iidesktops, iilaptops, i-AIO, iiseva, iindawo zokusebenza, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ayikho kwi-Raspberry Pi, nangona i-SBC (iKhompyutha yeBhodi enye), ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-SBC ze-x86 ezisebenzisa le firmware kwinkqubo yokuqalisa kunye nokujonga inkqubo. Kwaye akungenxa yokuba iRaspberry Pi isekwe kwi-ARM, njengoko iikhompyuter ezininzi ze-ARM nazo zineBIOS/UEFI.
Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuthiwe le firmware yenzelwe ukuba Iboot lula ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina apho inkqubo yokusebenza ikhona, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukulawula ezinye izicwangciso ezininzi. Kulapho asinika khona imikhondo yokuba kutheni iRaspberry Pi ingasebenzisi iBIOS. Kwelinye icala, kuba inokuqalisa kuphela izixhobo ukusuka kwindawo efanayo, njengamakhadi e-SD, kwaye hayi ngezinye iindlela. Kwaye kwelinye icala ngenxa yokuba inani leeperipherals kunye nemisebenzi kwiRaspberry Pi ilinganiselwe ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, oku ayisosizathu ngokupheleleyo sokungasebenzisi i-BIOS okanye i-UEFI. Enyanisweni, ukuba sihlalutya ngenyameko, i I-Raspberry Pi's ARM SoC isebenzisa i-firmware yayo yangaphakathi ukuqala i-CPU kwindawo eyiyo kunye nenkqubo yonke ngaphandle kwesidingo se-chip ye-BIOS eyahlukileyo. Kodwa... ke kutheni ungakwazi ukufikelela kwi-BIOS Setup okanye i-BIOS menu? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuba le firmware ilinganiselwe kakhulu, kwaye ayinzima njenge-BIOS / UEFI, ngoko ke imenyu yokuqwalasela iiparameters ayiyi kuba nantsingiselo, kwaye kwelinye, ngenxa yento ebikhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukuba inokuqalisa kuphela ukusuka. indawo yokugcina engagqibekanga, njengekhadi le-SD.
Abaphuhlisi beRaspberry Pi ngenxa yesi sizathu bakhetha ukusebenzisa le firmware esisiseko yokuqalisa kunye nokuqala kwikhadi le-SD kunokuba basebenzise. itshiphu yerom kunye ne-firmware enzima ngakumbi efakwe kwi-PCB. Kwaye kukuba, ukuba ujonga, izixhobo eziphathwayo azinayo i-BIOS / UEFI nokuba, kuba zinokuqala kuphela i-Android (okanye enye inkqubo yokusebenza), kwimemori yangaphakathi.
Ngale ndlela, kwelinye icala, ukuba i-chip eyongezelelweyo ebhodini igcinwe, kwaye kwelinye icala, imfuneko yokubandakanya imemori ye-flash yokugcina nayo iyacinywa. ingenza iRaspberry Pi ibize kakhulu. Kufuneka uthenge ikhadi le-SD ngokwahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe kwiRaspberry Pi 3 inkxaso yovavanyo yongezwa boot ukusuka kwimidiya ye-USB ekufuneka yenziwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ayinakukhutshazwa. Oku kubandakanyiwe kwi-firmware efakiweyo ye-SoC yenguqulelo entsha, kodwa oku bekunzima ngakumbi, yiyo loo nto beqale bagqiba kwelokuba baqale ngezinto ezilula kwaye basebenzise ukubhutha kuphela kumakhadi ememori e-SD.
Yayisetyenziselwa ntoni iRaspberry Pi endaweni yoko?
IRaspberry Pi ayinayo i-BIOS okanye i-UEFI njengoko iqondwa kwihlabathi lePC, umzekelo, kodwa inayo i-firmware yemvelaphi evaliweyo kwi-SoC njengoko benditshilo ngasentla. Le chip yenzelwe yinkampani ye-Broadcom, enikezela ii-BCMs kwezi bhodi ze-Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Kulo I-SoC (Inkqubo kwi-Chip) Idibanisa i-ARM Cortex-A Series CPU, i-VideoCore GPU, i-DSP yokulungiswa kwesignali yedijithali, imemori ye-SDRAM ekwabelwana ngayo yi-CPU kunye ne-GPU, kunye nabalawuli abafana ne-USB, njl. Ukongeza, ikwabandakanya imemori ye-ROM apho i-firmware esithetha ngayo idityanisiwe kwaye iyimfuneko yokuqalisa.
inkqubo yokuqala
Los amanyathelo Oku kulandelayo kule firmware zezi:
- Le firmware iyakhathalela qalisa i-bootloader yenkqubo yokusebenza ekwikhadi le-SD. Njengoko uyazi, i-bootloader iphakamisa isahlulelo se-FAT32 yekhadi lememori ye-SD kwaye iya kwinqanaba lesibini lokuqalisa, elicwangciswe kwi-SoC kwaye ayinakuguqulwa.
- Kwinqanaba lesibini, ifayile eyaziwa ngokuba I-bootcode.bin, apho i-firmware ye-GPU ilungiselelwe kwaye iqaliswe. Le fayile inokugcinwa kuphela kwikhadi le-SD, ngoko ke ukuqala kuqala akunakutshintshwa njengesiqhelo kwi-BIOS/UEFI yePC, kwaye iya kuqala ukusuka apho. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo, kwi-Pi 3 ukukwazi ukuqala kwi-USB nako kongezwa ngokomfuniselo.
- Emva koko kuza inqanaba lesithathu apho kusetyenziswe ifayile ye-start.elf, eqala i-CPU, kunye nefayile ebizwa ngokuba yi-fixup.dat, esetyenziselwa ukudala ulwahlulo oluyimfuneko kwi-SDRAM ukuze iqalise ukusetyenziswa. nge-CPU kunye ne-GPU.
- Okokugqibela, ikhowudi yomsebenzisi iphunyeziwe, ezidla ngokuba ziibhinari eziphunyezwayo okanye imifanekiso ye I-Linux kernel, njenge kernel.img, okanye kwezinye iindlela zokusebenza ezixhaswa yiRaspberry Pi, kwaye le yindlela inkqubo yokusebenza eqala ngayo ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa...
Njengoko ubonile, yinkqubo elula, kodwa engaqhelekanga ukuba siyithelekisa nePC okanye ezinye iikhompyuter. Kwaye kukuba, kwimeko yeRaspberry Pi, endaweni yokuqala i-CPU, njengakwezinye iimeko, Iibhutsi zeGPU kuqala. Ngapha koko, le Broadcomo GPU iya kuba noxanduva lokusebenzisa uhlobo lwenkqubo yokusebenza efakwe kwi-SoC elula kakhulu, kodwa iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni. Yaziwa ngokuba yi-VCOS (INkqubo yokuSebenza yeVidiyo), kwaye iya kunxibelelana neLinux. Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa inyaniso kukuba i-GPU ye-Pi ayigcini nje ngokulawula imizobo kunye nokuqala, ikwaphethe Iwotshi yenkqubo yokulawula kunye nesandi.
Ngokomgaqo, emva kokuthetha oku, kubonakala ngathi akukho nto ingako esinokuyenza Lungisa ubumbeko lwesiqaloKodwa inyaniso kukuba akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kukuba kukho ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi config.txt ebekwe kwi/boot/ directory yenkqubo kwaye ukuba ivulwe ngomhleli wokubhaliweyo, umxholo wayo unokuguqulwa ngokulula ukutshintsha isiqalo kwaye uyiqwalasele ngeeparamitha ezithile. .
Este config.txt ifayile iya kufundwa yi-GPU emva kokuqala i-ARM kernel, kwaye iqulethe imiyalelo ye-SoC ukwazi ukuba yenze ntoni ngexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi ukuguqula imemori enikezelweyo kuyo, ukuvuselela imemori, ukukhubaza ukufikelela kwi-L2 cache, ukuguqula ukucwangciswa kwe-CMA, ukunika amandla okanye ukukhubaza ikhamera ye-LED, utshintshe ukhetho lwemodi yevidiyo, i-codecs, ezinye iinketho zokubhuqa, ukugqithisa, njl.
Le fayile ine a isintaksi iqhelekile, ngoko ke kufuneka ihlonitshwe ukuphepha iingxaki ekuqaleni. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluninzi malunga nalo, unako funda iwiki endikushiyayo kule link.
Guqula iBoot ePhambili kwiRaspberry Pi
Xa utshintsha ulungelelwaniso lwesiqalo okanye okuphambili kwiPC kulula kakhulu, kufuneka nje ufake iBIOS/UEFI, kwaye kwiBoot tab ungafumana iparameters onokuzohluka ukuyiqala kwihard disk, i medium optical medium. , i-USB, inethiwekhi, njl. Endaweni yoko, kwiRaspberry Pi akukho lula. Ngokungagqibekanga iyakuhlala iqalisa i-OS kwimemori khadi ye-SD efakwe kwi-SBC. Ngapha koko, nasemva kwenguqulo yesi-3, ukuba zombini ikhadi le-SD kunye nentonga ye-USB zifakiwe, inkqubo iya kuhlala iqala kwi-SD kuqala. Ukuba i-SD isusiwe kwaye kuphela i-USB eseleyo, iya kwenziwa nge-USB.
Kodwa lo myalelo unokutshintshwa. ngenxa yoko kufuneka qala i-raspbian, umzekelo, kwaye wenze oku kulandelayo:
- Vula ukuseta kweRaspberry Pi ngomyalelo:
Sudo raspi-isakhelo
- Yiya kwicandelo elithi "Iinketho eziPhezulu". (qaphela, imenyu ikwisiNgesi)
- Emva koko, ngaphakathi kweli candelo, cofa u-ENTER kukhetho luka-"Boot Order".
- Ngoku kuya kufuneka ubone iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ongakhetha kuzo:
- Ukuqalisa ikhadi le-SD-Ngokungagqibekanga, olu khetho sele luvuliwe kwisixhobo sakho seRaspberry Pi kwaye ukuba ufaka ikhadi le-SD kunye ne-USB ngaxeshanye, inkqubo iya kusebenzisa ikhadi le-SD njengokhetho lwe-boot olungagqibekanga ngaphandle kokuba uyisuse.
- usb boot: Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa i-USB njengesixhobo sokuqala, ungakhetha olu khetho, olusebenzayo xa unesixhobo se-USB esifakwe kwiRaspberry Pi. Ngaphandle koko, akufanele ufake ikhadi le-SD ukuze uqalise inkqubo.
- ukuqalisa kwenethiwekhi: Olu khetho lwesiqalo luluncedo ukuba ikhadi lakho le-Raspberry Pi SD alisebenzi ngesizathu esithile okanye ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindlela yakho yokusebenza. Kwimeko enjalo, iya kusebenzisa isixhobo se-Imager ukufaka kwakhona inkqubo kwikhadi le-SD.
Wakuba ugqibile, unako qalisa kwakhona iraspberry pi ukwenza utshintsho...
Ukufumanisa iingxaki zeRaspberry Pi (POST)
Ekugqibeleni, uya kukwazi ukuba kwi-BIOS / UEFI kukho inyathelo elibizwa ngokuba yi-POST eyenziwa phambi kweebhuthi zenkqubo yokusebenza kwaye iya kukhangela imeko yamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ukuba yonke into ilungile, iya kuqalisa i-OS. Kodwa ukuba ibona nayiphi na ingxaki, iyayeka kwaye ibonise umyalezo wephutha kwisikrini okanye ikhuphe ikhowudi ye-beep evakalayo ukuchonga ukuba yintoni ingxaki.
Oku kwiRaspberry Pi akukho nokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, i-firmware ye-SoC inendlela yokuzama ukufaka iflegi yeengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuze kufunyanwe lula. Kwaye kungenxa yamandla ayo e-LED. Umzekelo, kwiRaspberry Pi 4, iikhowudi zokukhanya ezikhutshwa yi-LED ukubonisa iingxaki zezi:
| amadanyaza amade | ukukhanya okufutshane | isimo |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | Ukungaphumeleli ngokubanzi ngexesha lokuqalisa |
| 0 | 4 | qala*.elf ayifunyenwanga |
| 0 | 7 | Umfanekiso wekernel awufunyenwanga |
| 0 | 8 | Ukusilela kwe-SDRAM |
| 0 | 9 | i-SDRAM engonelanga |
| 0 | 10 | kwimo ye-HALT |
| 2 | 1 | Isahlulo asiyo FAT (ayixhaswanga) |
| 2 | 2 | Ayiphumelelanga ukufunda isahlulelo |
| 2 | 3 | non-FAT ukwahlula eyandisiweyo |
| 2 | 4 | Ihashi okanye umsayino awuhambelani |
| 3 | 1 | SPI-EEPROM imposiso |
| 3 | 2 | SPI EEPROM bhala ukhuselwe |
| 3 | 3 | Imposiso ye-I2C |
| 4 | 4 | Uhlobo lwebhodi aluxhaswanga |
| 4 | 5 | impazamo ye-firmware ebulalayo |
| 4 | 6 | Chwetheza i-A Misfire |
| 4 | 7 | Uhlobo B Misfire |