I-RGB ye-LED: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neli candelo

Zininzi iintlobo zeedayikhodi zeemiconductor kwintengiso, kwaye ngaphakathi kwazo kukho uhlobo oluthile olunjenge-LED (Light-Emitting Diode). Ezi ntlobo zinokukhupha ukukhanya, kodwa azifani zonke. Abavelisi badlala ngeziqulatho ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli yesemiconductor ukuze bakhuphe izibane zemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kukho I-RGB ye-LED, Esebenzisa iindibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo ze-LED ukuze zikwazi ukukhupha ukukhanya ngemibala eyahlukeneyo.

Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukwenza iprojekthi apho umbala we-LED omnye awonelangaNgee-LED ze-RGB unokufikelela kwimiphumo emihle yokukhanya kwemibala emininzi. Kwaye awahlukanga kakhulu kwii-LED eziqhelekileyo, ke unokuzidibanisa nebhodi yakho yeArduino okanye kwezinye iiprojekthi zekhompyuter ngendlela elula kakhulu.

RGB

I-RGB (Luhlaza oBomvu oBomvu) zimele imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yimbonakalo yombala oqhelekileyo oyivileyo amatyeli amaninzi kwihlabathi elektroniki. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kuphela loo mibala mithathu mininzi eminye imibala enokwenziwa, kuba yeyona iphambili. Kungenxa yoko le nto iiprinta zeekhatriji kunye neetoni ziyi-cyan, magenta nephuzi (i-CMYK), kwaye ngokudibanisa kunye nomnyama, ezinye iithowuni ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala inokufezekiswa.

Kwimeko Ukukhanya kwe-LED kwenzeka into efanayo, ukwazi ukusebenzisa izibane ezahlukileyo kule mibala mithathu iphambili ukufezekisa ezinye indibaniselwano ezigqitha umbala omnye iiglowubhu zemveli. Ngapha koko, iintlobo ezininzi ze izikrini izixhobo zombane zisebenzisa olu dibaniso ukubonisa imifanekiso.

I-RGB ye-LED

El I-RGB ye-RGB Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-diode ye-LED eyenziwe ngezinto ezilula ze-LED ezifana nezo zifunyenwe kwezinye ii-LED ezinombala omnye. Ngale ndlela, banokukhupha kule mibala mithathu iphambili, ngaloo ndlela bavelise zonke iintlobo zeziphumo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala (nokuba mhlophe ukudibanisa obomvu, luhlaza kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaxeshanye) ngokulawula esinye sezikhonkwane zala malungu.

Los Ii-LED ezi-3 ezipakishiwe kwakwindlela efanayo yokuhombisa inakho ukuvelisa lonke olu luhlu lwemibala. Ine-pinout eyahlukileyo kancinci kunee-LEDs eziqhelekileyo, kuba zibandakanya izikhonkwane ezi-3, inye ngombala ngamnye (ii-cathode okanye +) kunye nesongezelelo esiqhelekileyo kubo bonke, i-anode (-). Ngaphandle koko ayinayo imfihlakalo eninzi ...

Imibala ye-semiconductor kunye nezixhobo

Yintoni enomdla oyaziyo kukuba enkosi Uhlobo lweemiconductor imibala eyahlukeneyo inokufezekiswa. Yiyo le eyahlulahlula ii-LED ezibomvu kuluhlaza, tyheli, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nezinye imibala. Abaphandi badibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukufezekisa yonke imibala ekhoyo ngoku kwintengiso. Umzekelo:

• IRIi-infrared LEDs zisebenzisa iiGaAs okanye ii-AlGaAs njengezinto ezinokukhutshelwa kweli nqanaba le-IR.
• RojoI-AlGaAs, i-GaAsP, i-AlGaInP kunye ne-GaP zisetyenziselwa ukukhanya kwe-LED.
• OrenjiIzixhobo ze-semiconductor ezinje ngeGaAsP, AlGaInP, GaP zisetyenziswa ngokwahluka okuthile.
• Amarillo: inokuba sisincoko esifana nesangaphambili, esifana neGaAsP, AlGaInP kunye neGaP ukukhupha kumaza ombane wombane ohambelana nombala otyheli.
• Verde: Ukukhupha kolu luhlu lobude, izinto ezizodwa ezinjengeGaP, AlGaInP, AlGaP, InGaN / GaN ziyafuneka.
• Azul: Kule meko, iisemiconductors kunye neziyobisi ezisekwe kwizixhobo ezinje ngeZnSe, InGaN, SiC, njl.
• Violet-Yenziwe nge-INGaN.
• Ezimhlophe: Ii-LED ezimbini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezibomvu zisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa lo mbala. Iplastiki yalo mbala ide isetyenziswe ngokukhanya kwangaphakathi kwe-LED emhlophe ukunika esi siphumo.
• Rosa: akukho zinto zalo mbala, into eyenziweyo kukudibanisa ii-LED ezimbini zemibala eyahlukeneyo ukufezekisa lo mbala, njengombala ubomvu ngombala otyheli, njl.
• Mhlophe: yile inike amandla ii-bulbs ze-LED zangoku, ezinemibala emhlophe emhlophe okanye efudumeleyo emhlophe. Ukulungiselela le nto, ii-LEDs eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-UV zisetyenziswa kunye ne-phosphor etyheli emhlophe emsulwa, okanye i-orenji phosphor emhlophe efudumeleyo.
• UV: i-spectrum ye-ultraviolet inokufezekiswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-InGaN, i-Diamante, i-BN, i-AlN, i-AlGaN, i-AlGaInN.

Umdibaniso neArduino

Ukuba ufuna Sebenzisa i-RGB ye-LED ngeArduino, ungaqala ngokwenza iskimu sangaphambili somfanekiso. Ilula kakhulu, kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-RGB ye-LED kunye nesixhathisi se-anode njengoko kwenziwa nge-LEDs, kwaye uyixhume kwizikhonkwane zedijithali ozifunayo kwibhodi yakho yeArduino. Unxibelelwano kufuneka lube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iphini ende: i-pin ende ende ye-RGB ye-LED kufuneka idityaniswe kwipini ye-GND ye-Arduino, kuba yeyona iphawulwe njenge-, kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo. Yilapho i-330 ohm resistor iya kudityaniswa phakathi kwepini yedayidi kunye nebhodi yeArduino.
• Rojo: yipini enye kwelinye icala lepini ende. Ungaqhagamshela oku kuyo nayiphi na ipini oyifunayo.
• Verde: lelinye likufutshane nelide, kodwa kwelinye icala elibomvu. Ungayidibanisa nayo nayiphi na ipini yedijithali yeArduino.
• Azul: yile ecaleni koluhlaza, kwelinye icala elibomvu. Yenza okufanayo nayo ukuze ukwazi ukuyilawula kwimveliso yeArduino.

Emva kolu nxibelelwano lusisiseko, uya kuba nakho ukuqala ngenkqubo yemizobo kuthathelwa ingqalelo izikhonkwane odibanise kuzo ipini nganye. Vula I-Arduino IDE ungavelisa ikhowudi encinci yomthombo ukuba ungalayisha kwibhodi yakho yeArduino ukuqala ukuvavanya ukuba isebenza njani i-RGB LED:

void setup()
   {
       for (int i =9 ; i<12 ; i++)
            pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
   }

void Color(int R, int G, int B)
    {     
        analogWrite(9 , R);   // Rojo
        analogWrite(10, G);   // Verde
        analogWrite(11, B);   // Azul
    }

void loop()
   {    Color(255 ,0 ,0);
        delay(1000); 
        Color(0,255 ,0);
        delay(1000);
        Color(0 ,0 ,255);
        delay(1000);
        Color(0,0,0);
        delay(1000);
   }

Ngale khowudi ilula uza kubona ukuba iqala ukuba bomvu, emva koko ijike ibe luhlaza, emva koko ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ize icime emva koko iluphu iphinde iqale kwakhona. Ukukhanya ngakunye kuhlala umzuzwana omnye (1ms). Ungalutshintsha iodolo, amaxesha kunye namaxabiso ngaphakathi kwabazali ukuya fumana imibala ngakumbi ngokudibanisa. Umzekelo:

• Ixabiso lokuqala lingqamana nobomvu kwaye ungohluka ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-255, kunye no-0 kungabikho bomvu kwaye ama-255 kuyeyona iphezulu.
• Ixabiso lesibini lihambelana nohlaza, kunye namaxabiso ukusuka ku-0-255 ngokufanayo naphambili.
• Okwesithathu kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-ditto kwezangaphambili.

Ukukunceda ufumane eminye imibala, unga Sebenzisa le webhusayithi. Kuyo kuvela iapp apho unokukhetha uluhlu lwemibala oyifunayo ngokuhambisa isikhombisi semibala kwindawo oyifunayo. Jonga kwi Ixabiso le-R, G kunye no-BUkuba uyaziphindaphinda kwinkqubo yakho ye-Arduino IDE, unokwenza umbala owufunayo njengale webhusayithi okanye kwiinkqubo ezinjengePeyinti, iPinta, iGIMP, njl. Umzekelo, ukufumana ukuluhlaza okutsala ngamehlo, ungasebenzisa amaxabiso ayi-100,229,25, XNUMX.

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