RJ45: konke malunga nesinxibelelanisi senethiwekhi

Iinethiwekhi ze-Ethernet kunye ne-router kunye ne-modem cabling zihlala zisebenzisa isinxibelelanisi somzimba RJ45. Zonke iimveliso zekhabhathi zorhwebo kunye nemfonomfono phantsi kwemigangatho emi-3 ye-EIA / TIA-568-B ziyamkele njengonxibelelwano. Ke ngoko, lolunye lonxibelelwano oludumileyo olukhoyo namhlanje, ngaphandle kokuba iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo zithandwa kakhulu emakhaya naseziofisini, kodwa zisasetyenziselwa uninzi lwezicelo.

I-EIA (Umanyano lwamaShishini oMbane)Umbutho weenkampani ze-elektroniki kunye netekhnoloji e-United States ezinjongo zazo ikukuphucula nokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano kolu shishino, yagunyaziswa ukuba yenze i-RJ45 (eyiJacked Jack). Kwaye ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwayo namhlanje, ayisosihlanganisi samva nje, enyanisweni, uhlaziyo lwayo lokuqala lwenziwa ngonyaka we-1991. Ngendlela, akufuneki uyibhidanise nezinye ezifana neRJ11 (ubukhulu obuncinci kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo).

I-Pinout kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-RJ45

El RJ45 Inesakhiwo seplastikhi, esihlala sicacile (kunokubakho eminye imibala), enezikhonkwane zentsimbi ezisi-8 zonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, inoluhlobo lwe-clamp semi enesithuba esilingana nezibuko ukuze ingahambisi okanye iphume, kuba isisinxibelelanisi esiya kuthi sixhase ukuhanjiswa kwedatha, kufuneka sikhuseleke.

Ngokunxibelelana kweentambo zakho, zinokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Omnye wabo usebenzisa crimper ukhulula iziphelo zeengcingo kunye nokuzidibanisa ngesandla. Enye kukusebenzisa inkqubo yemizi-mveliso, esetyenziselwa iintambo eziveliswa ngabavelisi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba usebenza nolu hlobo lwezixhobo zenethiwekhi, ngokuqinisekileyo kuye kwafuneka ukwenze ngesandla ukwenza isibini esigqibeleleyo umzekelo ...

Iikhowudi zinayo ikhowudi yemibala kunye nentsingiselo yayo:

* Kukho imigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ngokutsho kwayo unokuba nekhowudi enye okanye enye yombala ... Kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo leyo ukuze uzidibanise ngokuchanekileyo.

Iindidi zonxibelelwano

Unxibelelwano lwentambo endiluchaze kwicandelo elidlulileyo lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezinokubakho, ngaloo ndlela ke sitshintsha isicelo esiza kusetyenziswa ngentambo yeRJ45. Inkqubo ye- iindlela zokudibanisa Zizo:

• NgqoUmyalelo ofanayo wezikhonkwane uyahlonitshwa kuzo zombini iziphelo, oko kukuthi, iya kudityaniswa ngokufanayo kwi-RJ45 ezimbini esinazo ngentambo. Kule meko, izixhobo ezingalinganiyo zinokudityaniswa, umzekelo, iPC kunye nokutshintsha, okanye iPC kunye nehabhu, njl.
• Uwele: ithandwa kakhulu kwizicelo zokudibanisa izixhobo ezimbini ezilinganayo kwinethiwekhi ukuze zikwazi ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kwazo ngaphandle kwesixhobo esiphakathi. Umzekelo, ungadibanisa iiPC ezimbini ngokuthe ngqo ngamakhadi abo enethiwekhi ngentambo yecrossover. Ukwenza oku, iintambo ze-RX kunye ne-TX kufuneka ziwele, ukuze xa i-PC igqithisa nge-TX ifunyenwe yenye i-PC nge-RX, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

Uyakwazo oko ukudibanisa kubo kuya kufuneka crimper okhethekileyo, abafanelekanga ukuba babe ngumbane oqhelekileyo ukuhluba iintambo zombane. Kule meko, sisikhombisi esinesixhobo esithile seRJ45. Kodwa indlela yokudibanisa ilula kakhulu njengoko kunokubonwa kule vidiyo:

Iindidi zekhebula

Kweli candelo siza kubona liintlobo zeentambo esinokuba nayo ngesihlanganisi seRJ45.

Iintambo:

Kwi-RJ45 ungayifumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentambo ezivenkileni. Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubume bangaphakathi kunye nohlobo lwesicelo apho nganye nganye ime khona:

• I-UTP-Yenzelwe ukuba idityaniswe nentambo ejijekileyo engenazintambo. Ixabiso labo liphantsi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa banokuvelisa iimpazamo ezininzi kunezinye iintlobo zeentambo kwaye banomda ekusebenzeni kwimigama emide ngaphandle kokuhlaziya umqondiso. Ke ngoko, ziya kuba zilungele ukudibanisa izixhobo ezikufuphi kwaye apho iimpazamo zingabalulekanga.
• FTP-Yenzelwe ukuba idityaniswe nentambo ekhuselweyo yomhlaba ekhuselweyo. Olu khuselo luphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kwentambo yotshintsho, kuba bavelisa iscreen esifana neso seentambo ze-coaxial zee-eriyali zeTV. Ukuthintela kwayo zii-120 ohms. Ziya kubiza kakhulu kune-UTP, kodwa zingcono kwimigama emide kwaye apho iimpazamo zibaluleke kakhulu.
• STP: yenzelwe ukudityaniswa kunye nohlobo olukhethekileyo lwentambo ejijekileyo esebenzisa ikhuselo lesinyithi kwiscreen kunye nokukhusela intambo (yesibini nesebandla liphela). Yeyona ibiza kakhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa ikwangulayona inika ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo.

izigaba

Kwakhona kukho iindidi kwezi zihlanganisi:

• Icandelo loku-5: Yenzelwe ukuhambisa kumaza ali-100Mhz, ukubonelela ngesantya sokudlulisa se-100Mbit / s. Sebenzisa izibini ezibini ezijijekileyo ngobude obungangeemitha ezili-100. Ixesha elingaphezulu liye lavela kwaye udidi lwe-5e lwaziswa ukuba luhambelana ngakumbi nemigangatho, ngokwenyusa ithiyori ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350 Mbit / s. Ngenxa yoko, kwakufuneka izibini ezitsha ezijijekileyo (4). Ke ucinga ukuba iimeko zilungile, becinga ukuba banezibini ezi-4 kunye nomgama omfutshane, banokusetyenziselwa iGigabit Ethernet.
• Icandelo loku-6-Ephambili iyahambelana ne5e, le ntambo intsha ilawulwa yimigangatho engqongqo kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Yenzelwe njengomgangatho weGigabit Ethernet, ke kuyacetyiswa ngokuchasene ne-5 kunye ne-5e. Kule meko, ibonelela ngesantya semveli ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 Mbit / s okanye kwi-1 Gbit / s ngamaza angama-250 Mhz. Ukuba owona mgama uphezulu wale ntambo, oyi-100 yeemitha, uncitshisiwe waya kuma-50, unokusetyenziselwa iGigabit-10. Kukho udidi 6a oluphindaphinda kabini ukuya kwi-500Mhz kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo kukhuseleko olusekwe kwi-foil ukuphucula imo yeGigabit-10 Ethernet mode.
• Icandelo loku-7: kuphuculwe ukuya kuma-600 Mhz (baphuculwe ukuya kwi-1000Mhz) ukuze basebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kwiGigabit 40/100. Kuyafana kudidi 6a lokhuseleko, kodwa ngokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye kwezi zimbini zinezibini ezijijekileyo. Kwimeko yokuhamba rhoqo kwe-1Ghz, ikwenza ukuba ilungele ukuhambisa umabonakude wentambo kamabonakude asezantsi.

Ewe yongeza ekugqibeleni onokuyifumana zombini ukudibana kwamadoda nabasetyhini kwintengiso. Zitshiphu kakhulu kwaye azikho nzima ukuzifumanela iiprojekthi zakho. Kuyafana nangeentambo, kwaye uya kuba nezinto ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo kubo, ezinje ngokuguqula ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye, njl., Ezihlala ziluncedo kwizicelo ezithile ...

RJ45 itshekhi

Kwiivenkile ezizodwa uya kufumana abahloli, izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba wenze iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweentambo zakho zenethiwekhi, nokuba zisetyenzisiwe okanye zintsha ukuba uzihlanganisile. Kukho iikiti zokusebenza kunye ne-network cabling ezibandakanya i-crimper, i-tester, i-inserter, njl.

Nangona kunjalo, zikhona iindlela ezininzi zokujonga izihlanganisi zeRJ45, kunye nokusebenzisa i-multimeter okanye i-multitester, ukuyivavanya ngokusebenzisa i-concentrator, njl. Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• Ngehabhu okanye i-concentrator-Dibanisa isiphelo esinye kuphela sekhebula kwiziko elinamandla. Ukuba i-LED ehambelana nezibuko apho sidibanise khona isiphelo sikhanyisile, oko kuthetha ukuba iyasebenza. Ngaphandle koko kuya kuthetha ukuba ayilunganga okanye awukhange uyixhume ngokufanelekileyo. Unokudibanisa esinye isiphelo kwesinye isixhobo kwaye uzame ukwenza ugqithiselo ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba iyasebenza ...
• Nge-multitester okanye i-multimeterUngasebenzisa iingcebiso zenye yezi zixhobo ukujonga ukuba okwangoku kuyasasazwa ngeentambo.

IiRosettes

Phambi kokuba nditsho ukuba kukwakho nezihlanganisi zabasetyhini kunye nezamadoda, ewe, ngokubanzi, kwiiprojekthi ze-elektroniki, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuba ufuna ikhonkco lomfazi ukudibanisa iziphelo zekhebula le-RJ45 eyindoda. Kodwa unokufuna ukwakha okanye qhagamshela i-rosette ukushiya uqhagamshelo luzinzile okanye uqhagamshele iprojekthi yakho kwinethiwekhi yocingo lokwakha, njl.

Ngendlela, kwabo bangaziyo, i-rosette yile bhokisi encinci yeplastiki efumaneka rhoqo kwizakhiwo ecaleni kwefowuni apho i-router / imodem ihlala ixhumeke khona, njl. Emarikeni uya kufumana iintlobo ezininzi, zombini zilula ngezibuko elinye lonxibelelwano, njengoko ziphindwe kabini, ukuba zingeniswe eludongeni okanye ngaphandle, njl.

Khumbula ukuba Ii-rosettes zinendlela ngaphakathi efanayo naleyo ye-RJ45 ukudibanisa iintambo. Inokuba yenye yeentambo ozikhethele iprojekthi yakho, kwaye ngokusisiseko into ekufuneka uyenzile ukuvula i-rosette kwaye uyixhume. Ukuba i-rosette efihliweyo eludongeni, bahlala benesinxibo ekufuneka usisusile nge-lever encinci kwaye iya kuphuma ngokulula ukuvumela ukuba ubone ngaphakathi. Ukuba ngaphandle, ityala elikhuselayo linokuvalwa ngeeklip ze-snap okanye ngezikrufu.

Nje ukuba isiciko sisuswe, unako ukhulule iingcingo nge crimper ukushiya ubuncinci iimilimitha ezimbalwa zeziphelo zayo ngaphandle kokhuselo lwe-insulating, kunye nobhedu luvezwe. Khumbula ukuba ukungatywineki kwezibini akufuneki kube ngaphezulu kwe-13 mm. Kuya kuba nakho ukwanela ukukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngemisonto esi-8, kodwa ngaphandle kokubashiya bengakhuselekanga.

Nje ukuba iintambo zilungile, uqhagamshelo luyafana nolo lwe-RJ45, Oko kukuthi, udlulisa iintambo kwiindawo zokubeka emva koko ubashiye behleli kunye ne-inserter. Kungcono ukugqithisa ukusuka ngaphakathi kuye ngaphandle ukunqanda ukuba zingaphumi rhoqo. Eyona nto inobuqhetseba apha kukuthintela ezinye iintambo esele zifakiwe ukuba zingaphumi ngelixa sifaka ezinye… Kodwa ungakhathazeki, inokubiza ngaphezulu ekuqaleni, kodwa ke kulula. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuhlonipha imibala.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-inserter kulula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokuphela komsonto ukuyilingana kwiindawo zokunxibelelana. Xa uyityhala, uya kuva isandi, esixelela ukuba sikulungele. Khumbula ukuba uyalukhama olu cingo lungabinanto ngokuchasene ne-groove ukuyikrwela kwaye ikwasika ukugqitha.