Uyenza njani i-seismograph eyenziweyo ukusuka kwinqanaba ngenyathelo ngenyathelo

uphawu lweseismograph ephepheni

Un seismograph okanye seismometer sisixhobo esivumela ukulinganisa iintshukumo zomhlabaOko kukuthi, iinyikima zomhlaba okanye iinyikima zalo naluphi na uhlobo. Ngokubanzi, zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezo ziveliswa kukuhamba kwamacwecwe etekniki okanye e-lithospheric, kwaye ke zikwazi ukwenza izifundo kunye nokuqikelela iinyikima ezinokubakho. Uyilo lwenziwa nguScotsman uJames David Forbes ngo-1842.

Izixhobo zelo xesha zazingezamandulo, kwaye zazine-pendulum ethi, ngenxa yobunzima bayo, ihlale ingakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa ye-inertia. Ngelixa onke amanye amacandelo omatshini ahamba macala onke kuye. I-pendulum yayine-awl ekupheleni kwayo kwaye yavumela ukubhala kwi-roller ye iphepha elibophelelwe lixesha. Ngale ndlela, xa umhlaba ungcangcazela, wawumelwe kwiphepha elichazwe ngohlobo lweejika.

Kancinci izixhobo zokulinganisa zavela zaqhelana nezikali ezitsha ukulinganisa kuphela iinyikima abantu abanokuziva. Ukusukela ngoko, ukukhula kuye kwaqhubeka de kube okutsha kuchaneke ngakumbi kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yejoloji kunye nabanye abasebenzi abadla ngokusebenzisa olu hlobo lomlinganiso. Ngokufika kwe-elektroniki, ezi zixhobo zenziwe zala maxesha kwaye zaba nobunkunkqele ngakumbi de zaya kufika kwisismographs sangoku.

Okwangoku, i-seismographs inokufumana ulwazi kwiinyikima ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eMhlabeni. Abo bakufutshane nezo ndawo zinokuthatha inyikima ukurekhoda iifowuni S amaza kunye no-P amaza. Kwelinye icala, ezona zikude zinokurekhoda amaza eP.Ukuba ubungazi, iisenzi ezibekwe emhlabeni ukubamba ezi nyikima zomhlaba zibizwa ngokuba zii-geophones, nangona elwandle isincedisi-hydrophone sikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa Amaza e-acoustic adluliselwa ngamanzi xa kubakho inyikima.

Uyifaka njani i-seismograph

Iskimu seismograph esenziweyo

Ukuba unomdla kolu hlobo lwesixhobo, kunye nomenzi, ungenza njalo eyakho i-DIY seismograph engaphantsi kwe- € 100...

El Ukusebenza kwale projekthi Ilula, njengoko kunokubonwa kumzobo kumfanekiso ongentla. Iseismograph yasekhaya iya kukhangela intshukumo yomhlaba ngenxa yomazibuthe oxhonywe entwasahlobo ukuze ibhule phezulu nasezantsi ngokukhululekileyo.

Ikhoyili emileyo yocingo ibekwe ijikeleze umazibuthe kwindawo ekubhekiswa kuyo. Ndiyabulela kuyo, nayiphi na intshukumo nokuba incinci kangakanani umazibuthe iya kufunyanwa, ukusukela oko izakuvelisa imisinga kwintambo enokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Esinye isixhobo sisixhobo se-elektroniki esifunekayo ukuguqula ezo elektroniki zenziwe idatha enokurekhodwa kwaye ijongwe kwiscreen sePC yethu.

Izinto eziyimfuneko

Ukwenza inkqubo enjalo, uya kudinga ezimbalwa izinto ezisisiseko kwaye esinazo sonke eminwe yethu. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lu:

  • Un intsimbi entwasahlobo. Isenokuba yeyona nto idumileyo yokudlala uSlinky, Omnci., Abo uzibona kwezinye iimuvi ezidiliza izitepsi kwaye uhle wedwa ...
  • Imagnethi yokukhala yenze ibe namandla (RC44), umzekelo eyenziwe nge-neodymium.
  • Isikhulisi Uphawu lomqondiso we-OpAmp LT1677CN8, kunye coil yocingo lobhedu Magnetic (42 gauge varnish insulated) ukuguqula isignali ebuthathaka ibe sisiginali esomeleleyo. (MW42-4)
  • Imibhobho ye-PVC ukujija intambo.
  • Isixhobo esikwaziyo ukuguqula isiginali ye-analog kwi-digital. Kule meko iyasetyenziswa Arduino.
  • Isixhobo sokurekhoda nokurekhoda. Kule meko, isoftware eqhubekekayo ipc yethu ukumela oko kuthathwa ngu-Arduino ...
  • Ulwakhiwo yenziwe ngomthi, ngesinyithi okanye ngeplastiki yokubamba intwasahlobo.
  • Isonka okanye iplate ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yokwenza i-soldering.
  • Abaxhasi 10K kunye no-866K
  • Abaphathi 0.01uF, 0.1uF, 1uF, 330pF
  • Iintambo zonxibelelwano

Inkqubo yenyathelo ngenyathelo

1 nyathelo

Kuqala kufuneka ujije ucingo lobhedu ngokugquma yenza ikhoyili. Kule projekthi basebenzisa imibhobho yePVC onokuyifumana nakweyiphi na imibhobho yamanzi. Ishubhu iyanqunyulwa kwaye uya kushiya malunga ne-intshi enye (1 cm) apho isongelwe ngamajelo angama-2.54 omsonto. Khumbula ukuba kufuneka igqunyiwe ngevanishi ethile, sele ithengisiwe ngoluhlobo kwamanye amaziko.

Unokwenza isiqwenga nge Umshicileli we-3D ukuba ukhetha njalo, okanye sebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zezinto eziphinda zenziwe ukuba zisetyenziselwe ukubuyisela umbhobho wePVC ... Enye indlela kukusebenzisa ii-spools ngokwazo apho umsonto wenxeba ufika khona ukuba unezibini. Kwaye ukusonga ucingo, ungasebenzisa uncedo lomatshini wokuthunga okanye we-drill njengoko kubonisiwe kwividiyo.

I-spool yocingo lobhedu

Khumbula kufuneka Selder iingcingo eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini iziphelo zocingo lobhedu lwekhoyili. Ngazo uya kuba nakho ukwenza unxibelelwano lube ngcono, kuba ucingo lobhedu lwekhoyili lucekeceke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza ngalo kwaye emva koko ulidibanise nebhodi yeArduino.

2 nyathelo

Inqanaba elilandelayo jinga kwaye ulinganise intwasahlobo ngemagnethi. Kule nto kufuneka ubeke iimagnethi zincamathele kwicingo okanye entwasahlobo. Kuya kufuneka banqunyanyiswe ngaphakathi kumbhobho ngokubhijela okwenzileyo kwinqanaba langaphambili. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise kakuhle umgama owuxhome kumthi, ngesinyithi okanye nantoni na oyisebenzisayo ..., ukuze xa kukho inyikima, intwasahlobo ihambisa umazibuthe kanye embindini wekhoyili ukuze ikwazi ukubangela okwangoku kuyo.

Intwasahlobo yemagnethi emisiwe

Ukongeza, ulungelelwaniso kufuneka lwenze ifayile ye- ukungcangcazela yi-1HzOko kukuthi, iyehla isenyuka kanye ngomzuzwana. Phezulu nasezantsi ngumjikelo opheleleyo ekufuneka wenziwe ngomzuzwana omnye.

3 nyathelo

ukuba yandisa okwangoku okukhoyo kwikhoyiliOko ukuhambisa umazibuthe kumbindi wekhoyili kuvelisa imisinga emincinci kakhulu, isandisi-mqondiso siyafuneka. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zokukhuthaza umqondiso, ungasebenzisa nayiphi na. Umdibaniso ulula, ungayenza kwibhodi yesonka okanye kwipleyiti egqityiweyo ngomgangatho, ukuba uza kuyishiya isigxina. Kufuneka udibanise iisekethe njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ...

4 nyathelo

Ngoku masenze ibhodi ye-arduino UNO, eya kuthi ibe noxanduva lokuguqula isiginali iyandiswa sisiphaluka ukusuka kwinyathelo elidlulileyo kwaye siyiguqulele kwidatha yedijithali. Iseismograph isekwe kwenye Iprojekthi yeTC1 apho unokufumana khona iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokumiselwa kweArduino.

5 nyathelo

Inkqubo yokubhalisa imiqondiso

Xa uqhagamshela iArduino kwiPC, nge-USB, idatha iya kufakwa, kwaye kusetyenziswa isoftware idatha iya kuba nakho ukulayishwa nge serial port esweni onayo kwiArduino IDE. Yonke into kufuneka ibonise idatha efanelekileyo, ukuba akunjalo, jonga ukuba idityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwizibuko le-COM elichanekileyo.

Ungasebenzisa jAma ezintandathuYiprojekthi enomdla kwaye inako ukubona nokwabelana ngedatha nabanye abafundi kunye nososayensi kwihlabathi liphela.

Unokwenza i-tweaks kunye nokuphuculwa kwayo ukunciphisa ingxolo kwaye ndikuthintele ekunikeni ulwazi olungeyonyani. Inkqubo inobuzaza, ke inako ukurekhoda ukungcangcazela okungezonyikima. Inokuthatha ukungcangcazela kwezinye izixhobo ezikufuphi okanye izithuthi. Ngoku Coca kunye neMpazamo! Ndide ndiyilungise kakuhle ...

Umthombo:

Imiyalelo - I-DIY Seismometer

I-TC1 seismograph


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