Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamanye amaxesha uye wadibana neeprojekthi apho ufuna amaqhosha okutyhala okanye amaqhosha egalelo ledijithali, ngaloo ndlela ukwazi ukucofa ukuyenza ivuleke okanye ivalwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze olu hlobo lwesekethe lusebenze ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka izichasi ziqwalaselwe njengokutsalwa-phantsi okanye njengokutsalwa phezulu. Kungenxa yesi sizathu kanye ukuba siza kukubonisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye olu lungelelwaniso, lusebenza njani, kwaye ungalusebenzisa njani kwiiprojekthi zakho Arduino.
Qaphela ukuba ukutsalwa kunye nokutsalwa kwe-resistor configurations kuyakuvumela seta iivolthi zokulinda kuba xa iqhosha lingacinezelwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela liqinisekisa ukufundwa kakuhle kwenkqubo yedijithali, kuba kungenjalo, isenokungafundwa njengo-0 okanye u-1 njengoko kufanele.
Senza ntoni isixhasi?
Kufuneka uyazi njani ukuxhathisa Yiyo icandelo le-elektroniki elisisiseko eyenziwe ngezinto ezichasene nokuhamba kombane, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwee-electron kuyo, okwenza le ntshukumo ibe nzima, amandla ombane aguqulwa abe bubushushu, ekubeni ukukhuhlana kwee-electron kuya kuvelisa ubushushu obuxeliweyo.
Kuxhomekeka kwifayile ye- uhlobo lwemathiriyeli, kunye necandelo layo, kuya kuthatha umsebenzi omninzi okanye ngaphantsi ukuba ii-electron zikwazi ukuhamba ngeli candelo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba yinto ekhuselayo, apho bekungayi kubakho ukuhamba kwee-electron kuyo.
Lo mzamo wokoyisa ii-electron xa kufikwa ekujikelezeni ngokuchanekileyo ukumelana nombane. Obu bukhulu bulinganiswa ngee-Ohms (Ω) kwaye imelwe ngunobumba u-R. Ngendlela efanayo, ngokwe-formula yoMthetho we-Ohm, sinakho ukuba ukuchasana kuyalingana:
R = V / Mna
Oko kukuthi, ukuchasana kuyalingana nokwahlula i-voltage ngamandla, oko kukuthi, iivolthi phakathi kwe-amps. Ngokwale nto, ukuba sinomthombo wamandla obonelela nge-voltage eqhubekayo, ubukhulu buya kuba buncinci ukuchasana okukhulu.
Tsala Ukuxhathisa
Njengoko ubonile, ukuze i-voltage ingapheli kwisekethe eneqhosha lokutyhala okanye iqhosha, ukuze ihlale isebenza ngamaxabiso ombane aphezulu okanye aphantsi, njengeemfuno zesekethe yedijithali, tsala up resistor, umsebenzi wayo kukuhlukanisa i-voltage ukuya kumthombo wombane (Vdd), onokuba ngu-5v, 3.3v, njl. Ngale ndlela, xa iqhosha livuliwe okanye liphumle, i-voltage yegalelo iya kuhlala iphezulu. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umzekelo sinesekhethi yedijithali esebenza kwi-5v, i-voltage yegalelo yesekethe yedijithali iya kuhlala i-5v kule meko.
Xa iqhosha licinezelekile, i-current flowing ngokusebenzisa i-resistor kwaye emva koko ngeqhosha, ukuphambukisa i-voltage kwigalelo kwi-digital circuit ukuya emhlabeni okanye i-GND, oko kukuthi, kuya kuba ngu-0v kule meko. Ke ngoko, ngesixhasi sokutsalela phezulu into esiya kuyenza yileyo igalelo lizakuba kwixabiso eliphezulu (1) nje ukuba iqhosha lingachukunyiswa, kwaye likwinqanaba elisezantsi (0) xa licinezelwa..
Tsala Phantsi Ukumelana
Ngokufanayo nale yangaphambili, sinayo wisa phantsi isixhasiOko kukuthi, kuchasene noko. Kule meko sinayo ukuba xa iqhosha liphumle i-voltage engena kwi-digital input iphantsi (0V). Ngelixa xa iqhosha licinezelwe i-voltage ephezulu iya kuhamba (1). Umzekelo, sinokuba no-5v xa ucofa kunye no-0v xa uyishiya iphumle.
Njengoko ubona, kunjalo isichasi sokutsalwa, kwaye inokuba luncedo kakhulu kwezinye iimeko apho amandla ombane aphezulu angajoliswanga ukuqala ngawo. mhlawumbi oku kukukhumbuza ezininzi iireyidi, xa ngokuqhelekileyo zivuliwe okanye ngokuqhelekileyo zivaliwe, njengoko sesibonile ngaphambili. Ewe, le yinto efanayo ...
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Ekugqibeleni, makhe sibone ezinye ukuthandabuza rhoqo Malunga nolu hlengahlengiso lokutsalela phezulu kunye nokutsalwa phantsi kwe-resistor:
Yeyiphi endifanele ndiyisebenzise?
Sebenzisa a tsala-phezulu okanye tsala-phantsi uqwalaselo luyakuxhomekeka kwimeko nganye. Kuyinyani ukuba ukutsalwa phantsi kunokuba kudume ngakumbi kwezinye iimeko, kodwa akufuneki kube yeyona nto ilungileyo, kude nayo. Ukuyishwankathela:
- Ukuba, umzekelo, usebenzisa isango lengqiqo elinamaqhosha amabini aqhagamshelweyo aqhagamshelwe kumagalelo alo kwaye ufuna amagalelo abe ngunothi ngelixa ungabacinezeli, sebenzisa ukutsalela-phantsi.
- Ukuba, umzekelo, usebenzisa isango lengqiqo elinamaqhosha amabini aqhagamshelweyo aqhagamshelwe kumagalelo alo kwaye ufuna amagalelo abelinye ngelixa ungawacinezeli, sebenzisa ke utsalo-phezulu.
Njengoko ubona, akukho nto ingcono okanye embi, yinto nje yokukhetha.
Ukuvumela Utsalo lwangaphakathi kwiArduino
Ezinye ii-microcontrollers ziquka i-internal pull-up resistors ukuze zisebenze. Oku kuphunyezwa ngemiyalelo ethile efakwe kwikhowudi. Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuvula ukutsalwa kwe i-arduino microcontroller, isibhengezo ekufuneka usibeke kucwangciso lomzobo wakho silandelayo:
i-pinMode(iphini, INPUT_PULLUP); // bhengeza ipini njengegalelo kwaye uvule isixhasi sangaphakathi sokutsala saloo pini
Obu buchule busetyenziswa ngokubanzi kokubini ukudibanisa amaqhosha okutyhala kunye neesekethe ze-I2C.
Leliphi ixabiso le-resistor endifanele ndisebenzise?
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kuthiwe zinokusetyenziswa amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo resistor kuhlengahlengiso lokutsalela phezulu kunye nokutsalela phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, inokusetyenziswa ukusuka kwi-1K ukuya kwi-10K kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto ezifana nokuphindaphinda kokuhluka, ubude bekhebula elisetyenzisiweyo, njl.
Omdala i ukuchasa ukutsalwa, iphini elicothayo kukusabela kutshintsho lwamandla ombane. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokondla i-pin yegalelo ngokusisiseko i-capacitor kunye ne-resistor yokutsalwa, ngaloo ndlela yenza isekethe ye-RC okanye isihluzo, esithatha ixesha lokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha njengoko sele uyazi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna imiqondiso ekhawulezayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhasi phakathi kwe-1KΩ kunye ne-4.7KΩ.
Njengomthetho, iisetingi ezininzi zokutsala kunye nokutsalwa phantsi zisebenzisa i-resistors nge 10KΩ amaxabiso. Kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ukuxhathisa ubuncinci amaxesha angama-10 ngaphantsi kokuphazamiseka kwepini yedijithali esetyenziswayo. Xa izikhonkwane zedijithali zisetyenziswa njengegalelo, zine-impedance eguquguqukayo, kuxhomekeke kwiteknoloji yokuvelisa i-chip, kodwa ininzi i-impedance yi-1MΩ.
Kukwafuneka ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kunye nekhoyo ngoku eya kungena kwisekethe yedijithali, Ukunciphisa ukuchasana, ukuphakama kwangoku kwaye ngoko kuphezulu ukusetyenziswa kunye neyangoku eya kungena kwitshiphu. Kwaye asinakukwazi ukubeka uxhathiso oluphezulu kakhulu ukuba lube nosetyenziso oluphantsi, kuba ukuba i-current incinci kakhulu inokwenzeka ukuba i-chip ayichaphazeleki kangako kwezo nguqu zincinci kwaye ingazi ukuba iphezulu okanye iphantsi kwamandla ombane ngamaxesha onke. . Ngokomzekelo, kwisiphaluka esinombane we-5V, ukuchasana kunokuba yi-10KΩ, ukwazi ukuba i-current eya kungena kwisekethe yi-0.5mA, into ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo ayinanto, ekubeni ithatha amandla e-2.5 mW.