Un Umfundi weRFID sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Ngokuqinisekileyo ubonile abanye besebenzisa olu hlobo lwesixhobo kwiithegi zokuchongwa, okanye ukufumana idatha yolunye uhlobo. Ewe, kweli nqaku uya kufunda ukuba yintoni kanye kanye enye yaba bafundi be-RFID, isebenza njani, ingasetyenziselwa ntoni, ukubakho kolu hlobo lwenkqubo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo olulolu hlobo lokuchongwa kwamaza kanomathotholo. isixhobo sinokuba malunga a ezinye iinkqubo.
Yintoni iteknoloji yeRFID?
La I-RFID (Isazisi seRadio Frequency) Luhlobo lweteknoloji ekwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala idatha ukude, ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano. Ukwenzela oku, umfundi/umbhali we-RFID uyafuneka, kunye nendlela okufundwa ngayo okanye apho kubhalwa khona. Le medium likhadi RFID okanye ithegi efana nale uyibona emfanekisweni.
Iintlobo zeRFID
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefrikhwensi ukumamela amajelo ahlukeneyo, kwaye ayingabo bonke abafundi be-RFID okanye inkxaso yeethegi. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana phakathi kwezi zibini ukuze bakwazi ukucula kunye nokwabelana ngedatha. Ngokucacileyo, ezo ndlela zisebenzayo ziya kuhlala zikuluhlu lwerediyo (RF) ye-electromagnetic wave spectrum. Oko kuthetha ukuba ifunyenwe kwii-frequencies kunye ne-wavelengths ukusuka kwi-ELF (i-Frequency ephantsi kakhulu) kunye ne-IR (i-infrared).
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu yezakhelo zeRFID ezi:
- Ukuphindaphinda okuphantsi okanye LF (125-134KHz)
- Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu okanye HF (13,56MHz)
- Ifrikhwensi ephezulu kakhulu okanye UHF (433, 860 kunye 960 MHz)
Khumbula ukuba unguye amaza erediyo abayi kuziphatha ngendlela efanayo ukuba i-frequency iyahluka, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha uluhlu olufanelekileyo lokusebenza kwimeko nganye. Umzekelo, okukhona i-frequency iphezulu, isantya sothumelo lwedatha sikhawuleza, kodwa kokukhona siya kuba sinovakalelo kuphazamiseko okanye imiqobo. Oko kukuthi, i-UHF yeyona ikhawulezayo, kodwa ayizukuba nokhuselo olulungileyo olufanayo neLF.
Yintoni umfundi weRFID?
Un Umfundi weRFID ivumela ukuchongwa okulula nokuthembekileyo. Uluhlu lokufunda lunokuhamba ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezininzi zokusondela kwiithegi zokwenziwa, ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi usebenzisa iithegi zeRFID ezisebenzayo. Khumbula ukuba iithegi ze-passive zihambelana ngakumbi, ngumfundi onika amandla, ngoko ke kufuneka isondele.
Ukwenza oku, unayo i Isivamvo esikwaziyo ukubamba amaza erediyo evela kwiithegi okanye amakhadi, kwaye la maza aya kunqunyulwa ukuba afumane uhlobo oluthile lolwazi kwileyibhile. Ukongeza, konke oku kwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo, eneneni, amanye amaqumrhu ebhanki asebenzisa olu hlobo lwenkqubo, nangona inobuthathaka bayo, ewe, njengokukopa kwala makhadi.
Iindidi
Njengesiqhelo, akukho kuphela a Uhlobo lokufunda lwe-RFID, kodwa zinokwahlulwa ngokwamaqela amane:
- Ilungisiwe: bavelisa amaza ngee-eriyali ukuya kwiithegi, ukufumana kunye nokucacisa ulwazi olukhutshwa yithegi. Umzekelo, njengalezo ezikwiminyango yokungena.
- Ephathekayo okanye incwadi: zinokuthwalwa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, azimiselwanga ndaweni nye. Ngoko ke, ungasebenzisa umfundi we-RFID ukuya apho ikhadi lifundeka khona. Abanye baba bafundi basebenzisa i-LTE okanye iteknoloji yeWiFi ukuqhagamshela, kwaye kukho neBluetooth yokuyinxulumanisa nesixhobo esiphathwayo ukufumana ulwazi kwiiapps.
- Desktop: Ezi ziiperipherals zehardware eziqhagamshela kwiPC ngezibuko le-USB. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifikeleleka kwaye zilula. Kwaye ngokusisiseko zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olufutshane (Kufuphi-uMmandla). Umzekelo, ukwenza iitshekhi, njl.
- Itonela yeRFID: yenzelwe ukufunda iibhokisi ezineethegi zeRFID ngaphakathi. Umzekelo, kunokubakho i-arch apho iibhokisi eziphawulweyo zidlula khona. Yinto esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini okanye kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiinkqubo zeRFID
Las ezintle yetekhnoloji yeRFID zezi:
- Umthamo olungileyo wokugcina idatha xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo.
- I-Versatility ngokweentlobo zedatha enokugcinwa (imihla, imvelaphi, ukuchongwa, iikhowudi zokufikelela, ...).
- Ukulandeleka komntu ngamnye okunokwenzeka.
- Ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka ekufundeni.
- Ubomi obude obuluncedo.
- Isantya sokufunda ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-25 aphezulu kunekhowudi yebha.
- Ukufundwa kwimigama engaphezulu kunekhowudi yebha, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezimbalwa.
- Iya kusebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuba lithuli kangakanani, limdaka, okanye alibonakali kakuhle kangakanani ikhadi.
- Ayinabungozi kakhulu kwi-orientation, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba igxininise ngokuthe ngqo.
- Akukho lula ukuba fake.
- Ziyakwazi ukudibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokulawula.
Izicelo ze-RFID Reader
Umfundi we-RFID kunye namakhadi e-RFID anayo inani elikhulu lezicelo, ngaphezu kokuba unokucinga. Umzekelo:
- Ukulandeleka kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngemveliso, ukuchonga umhla wokwenziwa, intshukumo elandelwa yintengiso, ulwazi lwenkampani, ukudlula ngamasiko, inkampani yezothutho, njl.
- Iinkqubo zokhuseleko, njengolawulo lokufikelela kunye nezitshixo ze-elektroniki, ukusayina kwiinkampani, ukubhaliswa kwamangeno kunye nokuphuma, njl.
- Ulungiselelo kunye noluhlu, ukukwazi ukugcina umkhondo weemveliso kwi-stock, ukukhangela iimveliso ezilahlekileyo okanye ezibiweyo, khangela ezinye iinkcukacha kwikhonkco lokugcinwa, njl.
- Ulawulo lokhuseleko ezivenkileni, njengakwiivenkile zobucwebe okanye kwiivenkile ezinkulu, usebenzisa iithegi kwiimveliso ezithengiswayo ukuze ukuba azihlawulwanga zifunyenwe ekuphumeni. Ezi ntlobo zeethegi, xa zitshekishwa, ziya kumakishwa njengezihlawulweyo, kwaye azisayi kubhaqwa. Uya kube ubonile ukuba iivenkile ezinkulu kunye neevenkile zinee-alarm systems.
- Ikhemesti, impilo, ukutya, kunye nezithambiso, ukulawula ikhonkco lokugcinwa kunye nokubonelela, ukugcina ulawulo olukhulu lwemihla, imvelaphi kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zezi mveliso ezibuthathaka. Ungaphinda ulandele kwaye ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza iibhetshi ezinokuthi zibe nesiphene, zingcolisekile, njl.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezifana nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ezibhedlele kumagumbi okusebenza ukunciphisa iimpazamo zonyango, ugweme ukulibala izitya ngaphakathi komzimba wesigulane ngexesha lokungenelela, njl.
- kumathala eencwadi Isenokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwi-inventri, ukulawula iincwadi eziphumayo kunye nezo zingenayo, iinkcukacha zomsebenzisi obolekwe incwadi, njl.
- Iifayile kunye namaxwebhu, ukulawula nokusoloko enamaxwebhu abalulekileyo abekwe kulawulo okanye kumaziko apho kusenokuba kukho amawaka okanye izigidi ezigciniweyo.
- Ukujonga imithwalo yenqwelomoya, ukumaka izikhwama zabahambi kunye nokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo imithwalo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, ngexesha lokulayisha kunye nokukhulula, njl. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yemithwalo kunye nokuphucula ukugcina ixesha.
- ixesha lezemidlalo, ukusetyenziswa kwiimbaleki, ukulawula iimbaleki ezithatha inxaxheba, amaxesha eqonga, iikhosi zomkhondo, njl.
- Ukulandeleka kwezilwanyana, kunye netshiphu yeRFID efakwe ezinjeni, phakathi kwezinye izilwanyana, ukuchonga umniniyo ukunqanda ukulahlwa, isimo sempilo yesilwanyana, ulwazi loqhagamshelwano kwimeko yokulahlekelwa, njl.
Imodyuli yeRC522 okanye MFRC522 yeArduino
Ewe kunjalo, kukho iimodyuli zeRFID zokufunda iithegi zeArduino. I-RC522 yenye yazo, ene I-MFRC522 isekethe edibeneyo eyenziwe yi-NXP Semiconductor kwaye inokudityaniswa ngokulula kunye neArduino okanye nge-ESP8266. Le modyuli ihlala ihamba kunye nethegi ye-RFID (eneteknoloji ye-NXP MIFARE) okanye ikhadi lokuvavanya.
Amakhadi ahlala anememori ye-1 - 4Kb, ahlulwe ngokwamacandelo okanye iibhloko zokugcina idatha eyahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, zinokufundwa ukusuka malunga ne-35 cm kude, ekubeni zisebenzisa i-a 13,56Mhz ibhendi yeHF. Nangona kunjalo, imodyuli yomfundi inoluhlu olumalunga ne-5 cm kuphela, kuba ngaphezulu kwayo ayinakusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokuphathelele Ukucaciswa kobugcisa yemodyuli yeRC522 zezi:
- Ibhendi ye-ISM ye-13.56Mhz (HF).
- SPI/I2C/UART ujongano.
- 2.5v ukuya ku-3.3v amandla ombane osebenzayo.
- Ubuninzi bokusebenza ngoku buyi-13-26mA.
- Ubuncinci boxinzelelo lwangoku 10µA.
- Amanqanaba okuqiqa 5V kunye ne-3v3.
- 5cm ukufikelela.
- 8 pin uqhagamshelwano:
- I-VCC: i-pin yamandla phakathi kwe-2.5v kunye ne-3.3v.
- RST: ukuvala (LOW) okanye ukuqalisa kwakhona (HIGH).
- GND: iphini lomhlaba.
- I-MISO/SCL/TX: umsebenzi kathathu wojongano lwe-SPI, imveliso yekhoboka kunye ne-master input. Xa i-I2C isebenzayo isetyenziswa njengomqondiso wewotshi, kwaye njengemveliso ye-serial ukuba i-UART iyasebenza.
- MOSI: igalelo lojongano lweSPI.
- SCK: Isiginali yewotshi yojongano lweSPI.
- I-SS/SDA/RX: iphini yokufaka isignali yeSPI ukuba yenziwe. Ukuba yenziwe, i-I2C isebenza njengegalelo layo ledatha kwaye njengegalelo ledatha ye-UART ukuba yenziwe.
Le modyuli yokufunda yeRFID ikwanalo neenkcukacha ezinomdla, kwaye yiyo phazamisa iphini, eya kukwazisa ukuba kukho ikhadi le-RFID elizayo.
ukuba qhagamshela imodyuli yeRC522 kunye neArduino, Imidibaniso kufuneka ijongeke ngolu hlobo:
- VCC ukuya 3.3V ukusuka Arduino
- GND ukuya kwi-GND yeArduino
- I-RST ukuya kwi-9 ye-Arduino (ungakhetha enye)
- I-IRQ ayidingeki, ihlala ingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi
- SPI:
- MOSI ngo11
- I-MISO kwi-12
- SCK ukuya kwi-13
- CS ngo 10
Ukuba sele unayo ilayibrari efakiweyo kweyakho I-Arduino IDE, ungenza oku kulandelayo:
- Vula i-Arduino IDE, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unebhodi eqhagamshelwe kwi-PC nge-USB, kwaye udibaniso lwe-MFRC522 luchanekile.
- Oovimba
- U mzekelo
- MFRC522
- Ngaphakathi apha uya kufumana imizekelo emininzi ye-RFID ikhowudi onokuyisebenzisa ukufunda, njenge:
- I-DumpInfo: Isetyenziselwa ukufunda ikhadi le-RFID kwaye ibonise ulwazi ngeserial monitor kwiscreen sakho sePC.
- rfid_write_personal_data: Ungabhala iinkcukacha zakho kwikhadi le-RFID.
Apho ukuthengwa khona abafundi be-RFID
Okokugqibela, ukuba ujonge ukuthenga olu hlobo lwemathiriyeli, senza iingcebiso ezithile abafundi abagqwesileyo be-RFID, abakhupheli, kunye namakhadi iyimfuneko:
