Utshintshile umthombo: yintoni, umahluko kunye nomgca, kwaye yenzelwe ntoni

Omnye umthombo otshintshiweyo sisixhobo se-elektroniki esikwaziyo ukuguqula amandla ombane ngothotho lwe izinto zombane, ezinje ngokudlula, abalawuli bevolthi, njl. Oko kukuthi, yi ukuhambisa umbane, kodwa ngokwahluka ngokubhekisele kwezi zikumgca. Le mithombo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi I-SMPS (Utshintsho lweeMowudi zoMbane), kwaye ngoku zisetyenziselwa ubuninzi bezicelo ...

Yintoni unikezelo lwamandla

Omnye unikezelo lwamandla, okanye iPSU (iCandelo loNikezelo lwaMandla), sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo okanye iinkqubo. Injongo yayo kukufumana amandla kwinethiwekhi yombane kwaye uyiguqulele kumbane ombane kunye nowangoku ukuze izinto ezixhumeneyo zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla akuyi kuguqula kuphela umbane wemveliso yayo ngokubhekiselele kwigalelo layo, kodwa kunokuguqula ubunzima bayo, lungisa kwaye uzinzise Ukutshintsha ukusuka kutshintsho lwangoku ukuya ngqo kwangoku. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kumthombo wePC, umzekelo, okanye kwiadaptha yokutshaja ibhetri. Kule meko, I-CA izakusuka kwisiqhelo i-50 Hz kunye ne-220 / 240v, iye kwi-DC kwi-3.3v, 5v, 6v, 12v, njalo njalo ...

Imithombo yolwazi vs imithombo etshintshiweyo: umahluko

Ukuba uyayikhumbula iadaptha okanye iitshaja kweefowuni ezindala, zazinkulu kwaye zinzima. Ezo yayizizinto ezinamandla zombane, ngelixa ukukhanya ngoku kunye nokuqina ngakumbi kukutshintsha kwendlela yokuhambisa umbane. Umahluko:

• Ku ifonti yomgca Ukuqina kombane kuncitshiswa ngombane, ukuze kamva ulungiswe ngoothixo. Iya kuba nelinye inqanaba ngee-capacitors ze-electrolytic okanye ezinye izinto ezizinzileyo zombane. Ingxaki ngolu hlobo lwesiguquli kukuphulukana namandla ngendlela yobushushu ngenxa yesiguquli. Ukongeza, esi siguquli sinesiseko sobunzima kwaye sinobunzima bentsimbi, kodwa kwimisinga yokuphuma ephezulu baya kufuna intsimbi eshinyeneyo ebhijeleyo, ekonyusa ubunzima kunye nobukhulu.
• Las imithombo etshintshiweyo Basebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo kwinkqubo, kodwa inomahluko. Umzekelo, kwezi meko bonyusa ukubakho kwamaza okwangoku, ukusuka kwi-50 Hz (eYurophu), ukuya kwi-100 Khz. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilahleko ziyancitshiswa kwaye ubungakanani besiguquli buncitshisiwe, ngenxa yoko ziya kuba lula kwaye zihambelane. Ukwenza oku kwenzeke, baguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC, emva koko ukusuka kwi-DC ukuya kwi-AC ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunaleyo yokuqala, emva koko batshintshe i-AC ibuyele kwiDC.

Namhlanje, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okulinganayo kusebenza baye banyamalala, ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nobukhulu. Ngoku kutshintshiwe kusetyenziswa ngakumbi kuzo zonke iintlobo zezicelo.

Ke ngoko, i amagqabantshintshi kuxhomekeke kwindlela esisiseko yokusebenza, zezi:

• El ubungakanani kunye nobunzima Ezi linear zinokubaluleka, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 kg kwezinye iimeko. Ngelixa zitshintshiweyo, ubunzima bunokuba ziigram ezimbalwa kuphela.
• Kwimeko Imveliso yombane, Imithombo yolwazi elawula imveliso isebenzisa i-voltages ephezulu ukusuka kumanqanaba angaphambili kwaye emva koko ivelise ii-voltages ezisezantsi kwimveliso yazo. Kwimeko yotshintsho, zinokulingana, zisezantsi, kwaye ziphinde ziguqulwe kunaleyo yegalelo, iyenze ibe bhetyebhetye.
• La ukusebenza kunye nokusasaza Ikwahlukile, kuba ezitshintshiweyo zisebenza ngokukuko, zisetyenziselwa amandla ngcono, kwaye azisasazi ubushushu obuninzi, ngenxa yoko abazukufuna iinkqubo zokupholisa ezinkulu kangaka.
• La ukuntsokotha iphakame kancinci kutshintsho ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezigaba.
• Iifonti zomgca azivelisi uphazamiso Ngokubanzi, ke zilungile xa kungaphazanyiswa nto. Umsebenzi otshintshiweyo usebenza ngokuhamba rhoqo, yiyo loo nto ingalunganga ngolu hlobo.
• El into yamandla Imithombo yolwazi esezantsi iphantsi, kuba amandla afunyanwa kwiincopho zeentambo zombane. Le ayisiyiyo imeko kwezitshintshiweyo, nangona izigaba zangaphambili ziye zongezwa ukulungisa le ngxaki ubukhulu becala, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezithengiswa eYurophu.

Ukusebenza

Ukuqonda kakuhle ukusebenza komthombo otshintshayo, amanqanaba ayo ahlukeneyo kufuneka ahlelwe njengeebhloko, njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso ongaphambili. Ezi bhloko zinomsebenzi wazo othile:

• Hluza 1: linoxanduva lokususa iingxaki kuthungelwano lombane, ezinje ngengxolo, iiharmonics, ixesha elifutshane, njl. Konke oku kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezinamandla.
• UmlungisiUmsebenzi wayo kukuthintela ukuba inxenye yesignali yesinusoidal idlule, oko kukuthi, ukuba okwangoku kudlula kwicala elinye, kuvelisa amaza ngohlobo lokubetha.
• Amandla okulungisa izinto: ukuba okwangoku kungaphandle kwesigaba ngokubhekisele kumandla ombane, onke amandla enethiwekhi awasayi kusetyenziswa kakuhle, kwaye esi silungisi siyayisombulula le ngxaki.
• I-Condenser-I-capacitors iyakuwunciphisa umqondiso wokubetha ophuma kwinqanaba langaphambili, ukugcina intlawulo kwaye kuyenze iphume icekeceke, phantse njengophawu oluqhubekayo.
• Umtshintshi / uMlawuli: isebenza njengokulawulwa kokudlula kwangoku, ukusika kunye nokuvula indlela, eguqula imeko yangoku ephantse yacaba ukuba ibe kukutshiza. Yonke into iya kulawulwa ngumlawuli, enokuthi isebenze njengesixhobo sokukhusela.
• Inguqu: kunciphisa umbane kwigalelo lawo ukuze uhlengahlengise kumbane ombane osezantsi (okanye iivolthi ezininzi ezisezantsi) kwimveliso yayo.
• Diode: iya kuguqula imeko yangoku etshintshayo ibe yinguqulelo yangoku.
• Hluza 2: isuka ekutshintsheni yangoku iye kwenye eqhubekayo kwakhona.
• Isidibanisi: iya kudibanisa imveliso kunye nesekethe yolawulo yolawulo oluchanekileyo, uhlobo lwengxelo.

Iindidi zemithombo yolwazi

Imithombo eguqulweyo inokwahlulwahlulwa kane iintlobo esisiseko:

• Igalelo le-AC / imveliso yeDCInomququzeleli, umguquleli, isiguquli, imveliso yokulungisa kunye nefilitha. Umzekelo, unikezelo lwamandla lwePC.
• Igalelo le-AC / ukuphuma kwe-AC: yenziwe nje ngesiqhelo inverter kunye nesiguquli sokuhamba rhoqo. Umzekelo wesicelo iya kuba kukuqhuba kombane.
• Igalelo le-DC / ukuphuma kwe-AC: Kuyaziwa njengomtyali mali, kwaye abahlali rhoqo njengangaphambili. Umzekelo, banokufumaneka kwiijenitha ezingama-220v 50Hz.
• Igalelo leDC / imveliso yeDCNgumbane okanye isiguquli sangoku. Umzekelo, njengezinye iitshaja zebhetri zezixhobo eziphathwayo ezisetyenziswa ezimotweni.