Kufuneke u umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha okwangoku nangoku ngqo. Zombini zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa kokubini kwaye kwinqanaba lasekhaya ukunika amandla ubuninzi bezixhobo. Ukusuka koomatshini abasebenza kwimizi-mveliso, nakwizinto zombane zasekhaya, ngezixhobo eziphathwayo, kunye nabanye izinto zombane.
Ukongeza, uya kufunda nokufana, kuba zikhona phakathi DC kunye ne-AC, kunye nebali elinomdla kunye nemizabalazo phakathi kwabaqambi ababini abadumileyo abakhokelele nakwenye inkohlakalo yokubakhuthaza ...
Yintoni umlambo?
Omnye Okwangoku kukuhamba kwento, nokuba kungumjelo wamanzi, okanye ngumbane. Kwimeko yombane, into eyenzekayo ngokwenyani kukuba kukho ukuhamba kwee-elektroni ezihamba ngaphakathi kumqhubi, nokuba awubonakali.
Lo umbane Inokuba ziindidi ezimbini ngokusisiseko ...
Yintoni ngqo yangoku?
Njengoko uza kube uyazi ukuba uyifunda rhoqo le bhlog, ifayile ye- DC, ikwasisifinyezo njenge-CC (okanye i-DC ngesiNgesi), yinto yangoku kwicala elinye. Oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwee-elektroni kuya kuba kwicala elithile ngokusebenzisa umqhubi phakathi kwamanqaku amabini anokubakho ahlukeneyo kunye nentlawulo yombane. Ukuba besinokuzoba igrafu yangoku kwigrafu, ibiya kubonakala njengomgca oqhubekayo, oqhubekayo.
Le yangoku ngqo yaveliswa okokuqala ngqa nge-1800, ngenxa yebhetri eyenziwe ngugqirha wamachiza wase-Italiya u-Alessandro Volta. Ubume boku kuhamba ngoku kwakungaqondwa kakuhle ngelo xesha, kodwa yayiyimpumelelo ebalulekileyo. Ngo-1870 nasekuqaleni kwe-1880s, lo mbane waqala ukuveliswa kwizityalo zamandla, kukhanyiswa iinkampani kunye namakhaya emva kokwenziwa kwebhalbhu yokukhanyisa. thomas Edison.
Ukukhusela olu hlobo lwangoku, uEdison weza kwenza imiboniso yedantesque, ezama ukuhlazisa uNikola Tesla, Ibango lakhe langoku liyingozi. Ukwenza oku, u-Edison weza kwenza imiboniso yasesidlangalaleni yokubetha izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Kwasekuqaleni konyaka we-1903, iwaka labantu labona indlela awabamba ngayo umbane kunye nokubulala indlovu nge-6600 volts yangoku. Nangona kunjalo, indlovu ngaphambili yayiphakelwe ukutya iminqathe enetyhefu yokuqinisekisa ukuba iyafa. Zonke ezi ziganeko zabizwa ngokuba zii Imfazwe yemisinga.
Izicelo kunye nokuguqulwa
Le yangoku ngqo ngokuthe ngcembe yathathelwa indawo enye ngoku, eyayineenzuzo zayo, njengoko siza kubona. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusebenzeni kwezinto zombane, ezinje ngezixhobo zokumamela, iikhompyuter, njl. Ukuze bonke basebenze kwinethiwekhi yombane etshintshayo, izixhobo zokulungisa zisetyenziselwa utshintsho, ezinje ngeadaptha okanye izinto zombane.
Ubume
Nangona kutshintshana okwangoku Ubuninzi ayisiyonto ibaluleke kangako, ngokuthe ngqo yangoku yinto ebaluleke ngokwenene, kwaye kufuneka ihlonitshwe ukuba isekethe izakusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ingaphuli. Ukutshintsha i-polarity kwi-DC kunokuthetha ukonakala okungenakuguqulwa kwezinye iimeko, ke kuya kufuneka ulumke ngale nto.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kuqhelekile ukubona iitheminali okanye iintambo eziphawulwe ngepali yazo, okanye imibala Ukwahlula. Ngokubanzi, bomvu busetyenziselwa ipali elungileyo (+), kwaye kumnyama ukungathinti (-). Ezinye iisekethe zeDC ezintsonkothileyo zinokongeza imibala eyongezelelweyo ngokunjalo.
Yintoni i-AC?
La ukutshintsha okwangoku, Isifinyezo njenge-CA (okanye i-AC ngesiNgesi), luhlobo lombane wombane ubukhulu nobungakanani bawo buyahluka ngokujikeleza, ngamaxesha. Oko kukuthi, ngokungafaniyo neCC, eyayilayini ethe tye emelwe kwigrafu, kwimeko yokutshintsha enye imelwe njenge-sinusoidal oscillation. Inani lemijikelezo epheleleyo ngomzuzwana liya kuxhomekeka kubuninzi bomjikelo. Umzekelo, eYurophu sine-50 Hz, okanye amaxesha angama-50 ngomzuzwana, ngelixa e-US isebenza kuma-60 Hz.
Okwangoku kuya kuvela ngo-1832, xa iPixii yayiza kwenza ifayile ye- enye into yokuqala, Umvelisi wedynamoelectric, esekwe kwimigaqo yeFaraday. Emva kwexesha, uPixii uya kongeza iswitshi ukuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo, eyayisetyenziswa ngakumbi kumaxesha amandulo. Ngo-1855 kwagqitywa ukuba i-AC yayingaphezulu kweDC kwaye yagqitywa ukuyitshintsha.
Iteknoloji yangoku etshintshayo ibinayo yaphuhliswa eYurophu, enkosi ngomsebenzi kaGuillaume Duchenne ngeminyaka yoo-1850. Ngo-1876, injineli yaseRashiya nayo yayiza kuvelisa inkqubo yokukhanyisa efana neka-Edison, kodwa ene-AC enamandla aphezulu. Inkampani yeGanz Works eBudapest iya kuqala ukwenza izixhobo zokukhanyisa ngokusekwe kule migaqo, ukongeza kwezinye izixhobo ezisekwe kulo mlambo.
Injineli yaseSerbia kunye nomqambi Nikola Tesla, wayengomnye wabakhuseli abakhulu bale ngoku ngokuchasene nokuqhubeka kukaEdison. Uyile kwaye wakha i-motor yokungenisa yokuqala etshintsha-tshintshayo, enokuguqula amandla ombane abe ziimatshini ezijikelezayo. Ukongeza, obu buchule buya kunceda nasekugqibeni iinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho kumgca.
Ukongeza, uTesla waphanda isixhobo esenziwe ziinjineli zaseYurophu umguquli. Ngombulelo kuyo, inokuguqulwa ibe kumandla ombane asezantsi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iyenze ikhuseleke kumakhaya, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba ifike ngobuninzi apho iveliswe khona, kuba olona loyiko lukhulu yayikukuba yingozi kwayo. Olu phando luya kuba sisiqalo somnxeba Imfazwe yemisinga.
Onke amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza anxulumene ne-CA ka-Nikola Tesla abelwa inkampani Umbane wase Westinghouse, Ukunyusa imali kunye nokuqhubeka neeprojekthi ezisekwe kule meko. Emva koku, usasazo lokuqala lwe-CA phakathi e-CA lwalungathathi xesha lide, lwenzeka ngo-1891. Oko kuyakwenzeka eTelluride (eColorado), kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva naseYurophu, ukusuka eLauffen ukuya eFrankfurt (eJamani).
Njengokuba i-AC iphumelele kwaye isasazeka kwihlabathi liphela, uThomas Edison uqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukungxamiseka kwangoku, into enokumbiza isikhundla sakhe kwinkampani. Umbane kaEdison (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiGeneral Electric), awayeyisekele ngokwakhe ...
Izicelo
Ukutshintsha okwangoku kuyasetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso nakwikhaya, ngulo uhamba ngeentambo zombane ukuzisa umbane kwiindawo zonke zehlabathi. Inokuqhuba izixhobo zasekhaya, iinjini, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo zefriji, nokunye okuninzi.
Ubume
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, xa uqhagamshela iplagi, awunakuze uqaphele ukuba uyibeka njani njengoko izakusebenza nakweyiphi na imeko. Oku kungenxa yendlela yokutshintsha kwamaza okwangoku, njengoko izakutshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, kufakelo oluqhelekileyo, kukwakho neendlela zokwahlula iingcingo, njl. Ngokubanzi unocingo olutyheli / oluhlaza olungumhlaba, ucingo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye olumhlophe aluyi kuba cala, kwaye umbala omdaka okanye omnyama uya kuba sisigaba.
DC vs AC: izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga
Yomibini le milambo isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje, njengoko benjalo eziluncedo nezingeloncedo. Umzekelo:
- Ukutshintsha okwangoku kulula kakhulu ukukuguqula, into engenzekiyo ngoku yangoku ngqo.
- Ukutshintsha i-voltage, xa utshintshana okwangoku kufuneka usebenzise isiguquli, ngelixa kungoku ngqo kufuneka uqhagamshele i-dynamos okanye iijenreyitha kuthotho, ezingasebenziyo.
- Ukutshintsha okukhoyo ngoku kunokusasazwa kumgama omde ngamandla asezantsi, kuphulukana nokuncinci kakhulu ngohlobo lobushushu ngenxa yempembelelo yeJoule kunye nezinye iziphumo ezinje ngeeddy currents okanye hysteresis. Ngelixa i-DC ineelahleko ezinkulu, kwaye kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba nenani elikhulu lezityalo zamandla kufutshane neendawo zokufuna.
Uguquko lwe-AC / DC
