Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini ye-CNC kuye ngomsebenzi wayo. Kolunye lwalezi zinhlobo kungena i-cnc lathe. Imishini ethuthuke kakhulu futhi enembe kakhulu kunezinsimbi ezivamile, lapho ucezu luvele luphenduke futhi u-opharetha ephethe ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene ukuze abaze noma enze ukuqoshwa okudingekayo ocezwini. Manje wonke lo msebenzi ulawulwa ngendlela enemininingwane eminingi ngekhompyutha, okuvumela zonke izingxenye ukuthi zifane ukuze zikhiqize ngobuningi, kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza, futhi kuvumeleke ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke mayelana cnc lathes, kanye nokufinyelela kumhlahlandlela wokwazi ukuthi iyiphi imodeli ongayikhetha kanye nohlu lwamamodeli anconyiwe ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga kahle ukuze uyisebenzise kumaphrojekthi akho e-DIY noma ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe.
Amamodeli amahle kakhulu we-CNC lathes
Uma ufuna imishini emihle, nansi eminye cnc lathe izincomo ongazithengela ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe noma ezinye ezishibhile ukuze uzisebenzise ngasese uma ungumuntu othanda i-DIY:
210 mini lathe
I-compact lathe, enesisindo esingama-83 Kg, futhi inezici ezinjengobubanzi be-chuck obufika ku-125 mm, i-spindle edlulayo isuka ku-38 mm, isivinini esishintshashintshayo phakathi kuka-50 no-2250 RPM, isekela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudlidliza kuyancishiswa, Isibonisi se-LCD esibonisa imininingwane yesivinini, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo. I-lathe elula kakhulu yabaqalayo, futhi ihlanganisa cishe yonke into oyidingayo, njengensimbi yensimbi, isibhamu sikawoyela sokulungiswa, imikhuba emibi, nezinye izesekeli.
L-Salt Multipurpose CNC Lathe
Lena i-CNC lathe echwepheshile, imodeli ye-LSL1530 evela ku-L-Salt. Isisindo salo mshini wezimboni singamathani angu-1.7, futhi unobukhulu obubalulekile, ngakho-ke kufanele ube nendawo evulekile yokubekwa kwawo. Ngokuqondene neminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, ingasebenzisa izingcezu ezifika ku-200 mm ububanzi, ivumela ubude besiqephu phakathi kuka-100 no-1500 mm, isebenza ngesivinini sokuphakelayo esifinyelela ku-40 mm/s, ngokunemba okuphezulu okungu-0.00125 mm, enenjini enamandla engu-5.5 I-Kw spindle, ingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi yesigaba esisodwa esingu-220v noma i-380v yezigaba ezintathu, futhi iyahambisana ne-AutoCAD, Type3, ArtCam, njll. Ingasebenza nazo zonke izinhlobo zokhuni.
I-GoldenCNC iG-1516
Enye i-CNC lathe yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni okucutshungulwa ngayo izingcezu ezinobukhulu obungu-1500 mm, ezinobubanzi obufika ku-160 mm uma ziyizingcezu ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa noma kufika ku-300 mm uma kuyisiqephu esisodwa. Ngesistimu yokulawula ye-GXK System, umbhede oqinile, ukunemba okuphezulu, isivinini esifika ku-2800 RPM, futhi ihambisana namanethiwekhi kagesi ezigaba ezintathu angu-380v.
CNC lathe izinhlobo
Kuneziningana izinhlobo ze-cnc lathe ngokusho kwempahla lokho kungasebenza, ngokwezimbazo, njll. Amanye ama-lathes angasebenza izinto ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ngokushintsha ithuluzi. Nokho, ezinye ziqondile ohlotsheni olulodwa lwezinto futhi ngeke zikwazi ukuguqula ezinye.
Ngokusho kwendaba
I-CNC lathe yensimbi
Enye yezinto ezingasetshenzwa ngomunye wale mishini insimbi. Eqinisweni, i-CNC metal lathe ingenye yemishini esetshenziswa kakhulu ezingeni lezimboni nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana eziningi. Ngokuqondene nezinsimbi, izakhi ezifana insimbi, i-aluminium, noma ithusi. Lezo yizona ezivame kakhulu, nakuba kungase kube nezinye izinsimbi noma ama-alloys.
Lezi zinsimbi zensimbi kufanele zibe nezici ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi abanye i-herramientas kanzima ngokwanele ukukwazi ukusebenza lezi zinto ezinzima kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezakhiwo zezinto okufanele kusetshenzwe kuzo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ezinye izinto:
- Ithuluzi kumele libe nalo ubulukhuni obudingekayo ukusebenza insimbi ekhethelwe ucezu.
- Ezinye izinsimbi, njenge-aluminium, zidinga Okuphakelayo okuphezulu kakhulu ngokuluma ngakunye (Fz)Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi anemitshingo embalwa kufanele asetshenziselwe ukushiya isikhala esiningi esikhululekile kusisiki ukuze kukhishwe ama-chips amakhulu azokhiqizwa.
- Kuzinto eziqinile kakhulu, ububanzi bokusika (Wc) ngesivinini esiphansi singasetshenziswa kufika ku-6-8 izindebe.
- Hlonipha njalo izincomo zomkhiqizi ye-CNC lathe, eguqulelwe kuhlobo lwento ozoyisebenzisa.
Phakathi kwe izinto ezisetshenziselwa amathuluzi ezingasebenza izinsimbi, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- i-tungsten carbide- Zisike kakhulu, zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi zilungele amalebula e-aluminium e-CNC.
- HSS noma high speed steel: Zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo nezinsimbi zokubhola ezivamile futhi azibizi. Athambile kunawangaphambili, ngakho-ke kufanele asetshenziselwe izinsimbi ezithambile noma ama-alloys.
- Idayimane (PCD): ziphakathi kwezinzima kakhulu, ezilungele ukusebenza ngezinto ezingasetshenziswa ngamanye amathuluzi athambile.
- Okunye: zingatholakala nakwezinye izinsimbi nama-alloys, i-metal-ceramics, njll.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, omunye umniningwane nawo ubalulekile. Njengoba insimbi iyimpahla eqinile, ukungqubuzana ngethuluzi kungadala amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, le mishini ye-CNC ivame ukuba nesistimu yokupholisa amanzi noma uwoyela ukuze ipholise indawo yomshini.
Futhi angifuni ukukhohlwa mayelana ukuphepha. Hlala kude nomshini ngenkathi usebenza ukugwema izingozi, ngaphandle uma kuwumshini ovaliwe, ozovimbela izingozi ukuthi zenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulolu hlobo lwe-CNC metal lathe, ama-chips akhiqizwa angasika kancane. Futhi ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho ususa ingxenye noma uhlanza ama-chips ashiwo. Gqoka njalo amagilavu okuzivikela, kanye nezibuko zokuzivikela ukuze uzivikele ekugxumeni emehlweni.
I-CNC lathe yokhuni
I-CNC wood lathe ingacubungula izingcezu zokhuni eziyisilinda noma ezimise okweprism njenge i-hardwood, i-plywood, ne-softwood. Futhi ngaphakathi kwezinkuni ezinzima nezithambile kungaba nezinhlobo eziningi: i-oki, i-pine, i-cherry, i-walnut, i-olive, njll.
I-Wood CNC lathes ihluke kancane kuzintambo zensimbi ngezindlela ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azidingi isiqandisi liquid njengakuqala. Eqinisweni, uma ucezu lokhuni luba manzi lungase lonakale, luvuvuke noma lube namabala. Ngakho-ke, le mishini ayinalolo hlelo. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi azikukhiqizi ukushisa ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Eqinisweni, kufanele lawula ijubane nenqubekela phambili kakhulu ukuze ungashisi noma uhlukanise ucezu.
Ezinye izinto ezingaphendulwa
I-CNC lathe ingasebenza nezinto zepulasitiki, nakuba ingavamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lawa ma-polymers ngokuvamile aphathwa ngezinqubo ze-extrusion, isikhunta, njll. Kodwa futhi bangasebenzisa i-CNC lathes ukukhiqiza ingxenye oyifunayo. Babelana ngokufana nalezo ezenziwe ngokhuni, njengoba ziyinto ethambile futhi kulula ukusebenza ngayo, futhi ayidingi isiqandisi.
Phakathi kwezinto zokwakha amapulasitiki avamile ngokuvamile:
- I-Acetal (POM)
- I-Acrylic (PMMA)
- I-Polycarbonate (PC)
- I-Polypropylene (PP)
Ngiqinisekile abaningi benu bayasazi isihloko esimayelana nayo Amaphrinta e-3D, lapho kwaxoxwa khona ngezici zawo nezici zawo.
Ngokusho kwezimbazo
Uma unaka inani lezimbazo ze-CNC lathe, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemishini elula, enezimbazo ezi-2 kuphela, noma eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezivumela izinga elikhulu lokunyakaza kwethuluzi ngokungeza izimbazo eziningi. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
- 2 izembe: Kuwukucushwa okuyisisekelo kakhulu, okunezimbazo ezimbili eziqondile ezikwazi ukusebenza ngaphakathi nangaphandle ububanzi bengxenye, okungukuthi, umshini we-cylindrical, ubheke, ukubhola kanye nokuthinta phakathi nendawo. Kodwa ngeke bakuvumele ukugaya.
- 3 izembe: kulesi simo i-eksisi yesithathu yengezwe, evumela ukugaya, ukubhora nokuhlanganisa. Kungase kube usizo ekugayweni kwe-helical.
- 4 izembe: kwabathathu bangaphambilini kwengezwa enye ukuze ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemishini engekho maphakathi, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza izimo ezingajwayelekile neziyinkimbinkimbi.
- 5 izembe: i-turret yesibili yengezwe ku-CNC lathe, okungukuthi, izoba nezimbazo ezingu-2 ku-turret ngayinye (phezulu nangaphansi) kanye ne-axis ejikelezayo eyengeziwe. Lokho kuvumela amathuluzi amabili ukuthi asetshenziswe engxenyeni ngasikhathi sinye, engakwazi ukwenza imishini ngokushesha.
- Okuningi: Kukhona futhi amalebula e-CNC athuthuke kakhulu futhi abizayo anezimbazo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nezimbazo ezingu-6 (i-axis ephothayo eyinhloko, i-axis yokuphotha engaphansi, i-turret ephezulu nephansi enezimbazo ezingu-2 ngayinye, i-eksisi eyengeziwe ku-turret engenhla, kanye ne-spindle yesibili engakwazi ukunyakaza. maqondana nokuphotha okuyinhloko ukucosha ingxenye). Kukhona futhi ama-axis angu-8, njll., kodwa awavamile.
Izici ze-lathes
Kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izici mayelana ne-cnc lathe, kokubili ukuqonda ukuphathwa kwayo, kanye nokuphatha kahle ithuluzi ngalinye, njll.
Incazelo
Ama-Lathes abesembonini kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Nokho, i lathes yesimanje CNC ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ziyazenzakalela. Ziyimishini esetshenziswa ukulawula izinombolo zekhompuyutha futhi inikezwe ngokunemba okukhulu ukuze isebenze izingcezu. Umehluko ngeminye imishini ye-CNC ukuthi, kulokhu, impahla iboshelwe emshinini futhi ijikeleziswa yi-spindle eyinhloko. Njengoba ijikeleza ngokukhazimulayo, ithuluzi lokusika noma lokugaya lizosondezwa eduze nengxenye ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe iphethini elindelekile. Izingxenye ezivame ukusetshenzwa kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lwemishini kuvame ukuba yizimbazo, amashubhu, izikulufu, njll.
Imishini yokuguqula i-CNC ingasebenza ngezimbazo ezi-2 eziyisisekelo kakhulu, kweziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinezinga elikhulu kakhulu lenkululeko. Ngokuqondene namathuluzi asondela engxenyeni ngokuphenduka, ngokuvamile abasiki be-milling, amathuluzi ayisicefe, amathuluzi okuthunga, njll.
Izingxenye ze-CNC lathe
I-Las izingxenye ezahlukene ezingatholakala ku-CNC lathe yilezi:
- Umbhede: yibhentshi, isisekelo esiyinhloko somshini. Izingxenye ezahlukene zomshini, njenge-spindle, njll., zihlangene lapho. Zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi umshini. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Hwacheon yenza imibhede yensimbi ephonswe ephezulu ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ezinzile.
- Ama-spindle: iqukethe i-spindle ngokwayo, isistimu yokushayela, izinjini, amagiya, i-chuck, njll. Ingenye yezingxenye ezihambayo zomshini we-CNC. Yiqiniso, umnikazi wamathuluzi uzofakwa ku-spindle yethuluzi, lapho amathuluzi omshini angashintshaniswa khona.
- UMandrel: isakhiwo esifana ne-vise ezobamba izingxenye ezizokwenziwa ngomshini ukuze zinganyakazi ngesikhathi senqubo. I-spindle eyinhloko izoguqula kokubili i-apron kanye ne-workpiece. Le ngxenye ingakhawulela ukuzinza nokuqedwa kwengxenye uma ingazinzile kakhulu, kanye nobukhulu bezingxenye ezingase ziboshwe.
- Isiqondiso: Yi-eksisi noma umhlahlandlela lapho ithuluzi lizohamba khona ngendlela evunyelwe, ngokuya ngenani lama-ax omshini wokujika we-CNC.
- I-Cabezal: Yakhiwe injini eyinhloko kanye ne-eksisi ekhweza i-chuck. Lezi zingaba ngesivinini esiphezulu noma esiphansi sokujikeleza, okubalulekile ukucabangela ukusebenza ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele babe nezinhlelo zokunciphisa ukudlidliza okuvela kumotho, okubavimbele ukuthi badlulele engxenyeni futhi baguqule imiphumela.
- I-Counterpoint: Isekupheleni kwekhanda, njengokwesekwa okwengeziwe kwengxenye. Kuyadingeka lapho usebenza izingxenye ezinde, njengamashubhu, shafts, njll. Eminye imishini ivumela umsila ukuba uhlelwe ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina nokunemba kwemishini.
- ithuluzi turret: inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintsha amathuluzi machining. Ubukhulu bayo buzonqunywa ngenombolo nobukhulu bamathuluzi umshini ongawafaka.
Izicelo ze-CNC lathe
Umshini we-CNC lathe ungasetshenziselwa izimo eziyindilinga, ezinobubanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi ungakhiqiza amaphethini womshini ahlukene kuyo yonke ingxenye. Abanye izibonelo zokusebenzisa Yilezi:
- Dala amapayipi
- yenza izikulufo
- Izingxenye eziphendukile zemihlobiso
- Ama-asi
- Izingxenye ezithile zezokwelapha noma izimila
- okwe-elekthronikhi
- Yenza iziqukathi ezingenalutho noma iziqukathi
lathe amathuluzi
I-Las Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angahluka kakhulu, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwensingo, noma into eyenziwe ngayo.
Ngokusho kwendaba
I-Las i-herramientas ukusika umshini CNC kungenziwa ngezinto ezifana:
- High speed steel noma HSS: Angasebenza emisebenzini yokusika ejwayelekile ukuze alungise noma aqedele kancane.
- I-Carbide: Ziqinile kakhulu, futhi zingasetshenziselwa insimbi, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, amapulasitiki, imicu, igraphite, ingilazi, itshe noma imabula, insimbi evamile, njll. Azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, azigqwali futhi ziqinile.
- Diamante: Lawa mathuluzi anobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka, ngaphezu kokuba ne-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, i-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu, i-thermal conductivity ephezulu, i-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo, nokuhambisana okuphansi nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umshini izinto eziqinile kakhulu, izinto eziphukayo ezifana negraphite, ingilazi, i-silicon-aluminium alloys, izitsha zobumba, nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi.
- abanye: Kukhona nezinye ezenziwe nge-ceramic, i-cubic boron nitride, njll.
Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo
Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi, ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi:
- Ukuphenduka: Isetshenziselwa ukugoqa ucezu, ukuze lulungiselele ukuqedwa okunembe kakhudlwana.
- induku yokubhoboza: iyibha eyisicefe engakhulisa imbobo ekhona (eyakhiwe ngaphambilini), okungukuthi, indlela yokwandisa ububanzi bezimbobo, ikhiphe ucezu, noma udale ishubhu.
- ithuluzi chamfering: Ungenza ama-chamfer, okungukuthi, i-chamfer onqenqemeni lwenguquko phakathi kobuso obubili, noma i-groove. Ingasetshenziswa ukususa imiphetho ecijile eyingozi engxenyeni.
- ithuluzi lokuguqa: Isetshenziselwa ukuphrinta iphethini endaweni eyindilinga enochungechunge lwezimbobo noma iziqeshana. Isibonelo, lezo zindawo ezimahhadlahhadla noma ezinamachashazi ozibona ezibanjeni zamanye amathuluzi anezibambo zensimbi, noma ukubamba amantongomane noma izingcezu, njll.
- Ummese: izohlukanisa ucezu kabili, ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa ukuguqula noma ukuhlela ucezu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi.
- ukusika intambo: Isetshenziselwa ukuqopha umucu engxenyeni ethile.
- yokubhekana: isetshenziselwa ukusika indawo eyisicaba i-perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the part, iqhubekela phambili nge-perpendicularly nge-eksisi yokujikeleza kwengxenye.
- ukugebenga: Lokhu kuvame ukufaka i-carbide efakwe kusiphathi esikhethekile. Idizayinelwe ukugaya ubukhulu noma ukwakha i-slot kanye neminye imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
- ithuluzi lokuqeqesha: inomumo oyisicaba noma oyindilinga, onamaphethelo asikiwe ukwenza intambo, i-undercut, noma i-groove.
cnc lathe intengo
Angikwazi ukukhuluma intengo ye-cnc lathe, njengoba kuzoncika kumkhiqizo, imodeli, inani lezimbazo, inani lamathuluzi ongawasebenzisa, izinto zokwakha, usayizi, njll. Ungathola kwamanye ama-euro angamakhulu ukuya kwamanye ezinkulungwaneni zama-euro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ezithinta intengo yokugcina kufanele zicatshangelwe:
- Izwe azalelwe kulo: Kukhona abakhiqizi bemishini ye-CNC eJalimane, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, njll. Ngokuya ngemvelaphi, ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emananini, kube ishibhile labo abavela eMpumalanga.
- inqubo yokukhiqiza: Kuye ngekhwalithi nokusebenza komshini, kungase kubize ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Umshini olula okutshalwa kwawo ku-R&D kube okuphansi akufani nokuthi kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha ezishibhile, noma uma zikhiqizwa ngobuningi noma zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ngokuya ngemininingwane yekhasimende. Konke lokhu kuzokwenza intengo eyodwa noma enye.
- Usayizi womshini we-CNC: ezincanyana zizohlala zishibhile kunezinkulu.
- Umklamo: Kungaba imishini evamile noma eyinkimbinkimbi, yokuqala enamanani aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nakamuva. Ngaphezu kwezindleko ezengeziwe zalezo zinto ezengeziwe, ukunakekela nokulungisa kungase kubize kakhulu.
- Imininingwane: inani lezimbazo, isivinini esikhulu sokuzungezisa, uhlobo lwesistimu yomhlahlandlela, noma ngabe zisebenzisa isistimu yokupholisa, amasistimu okuthutha ama-chip, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-chuck avamile noma aqhutshwa ngamanzi, ukushintsha kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo noma okwenziwa ngesandla, njll., kuzothinta intengo yokugcina.
- Ukuthutha: futhi kufanele futhi ucabangele intengo yokuthutha umshini, ngoba mkhulu kakhulu futhi uyasinda. Kwesinye isikhathi ingaba nenani elincintisanayo, kodwa uma izindleko zokuthumela ziphezulu kakhulu zisuka ezweni lakini, zingase zingakufanelekeli. Impahla izobandakanya izinto zokuhamba nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukupakisha, uma kunesidingo isiqukathi noma irack flat, njll.
Ulwazi oluningi
- Imishini ye-CNC: isiqondiso sokulawula izinombolo
- Usebenza kanjani umshini we-CNC kanye nezicelo
- I-Prototyping kanye ne-CNC design
- Zonke izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa nezici
- Izinhlobo zemishini yokugaya ye-CNC
- Izinhlobo zerutha ye-CNC nokusika kwe-CNC
- Izinhlobo zokuqoshwa kwe-laser
- Eminye imishini ye-CNC: ukubhoboza, Khetha & Indawo, ukushisela nokunye
- Umshini we-CNC ungasiza kanjani enkampanini
- Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga: Ungakhetha Kanjani Umshini Ongcono Kakhulu we-CNC
- Ukugcinwa kwemishini ye-CNC
- Umhlahlandlela oqondile mayelana nabaqambi: yini isakhi futhi sisebenzelani
- Imishini engcono kakhulu ye-CNC yokungcebeleka nokusetshenziswa kochwepheshe
- Amapulani amahle kakhulu wokuphrinta
- Amacebo amahle kakhulu wokusika
- Izinto ezingcono kakhulu zokusetshenziswa zababumbi: amakhatriji, iphepha, i-vinyl, nezingxenye ezisele