I-Los Ama-FPGA asedume kakhulu ezikhathini zokugcina. Ngisho nasezinsizakalweni zobungcweti lawa machips avame ukusetshenziswa, kepha futhi nama-DIYers nabenzi abafuna ukusebenzisa isekethe elihlukanisiwe ngaphakathi kwe-chip nazo zonke izinzuzo okusho lokhu. Akushibhile noma kulula ukuthola ifektri yokuthumela izakhiwo noma amaphethini akho futhi ube ne-chip yangokwezifiso ekhiqizelwe wena.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amanye ama-foundries avumela yenza amafers noma ama-wafers amaningi ukwenza ama-chips kubantu noma emanyuvesi ukuze uvivinye nawo. Lezi zinhlobo zamafektri, njengoba ngisho, kunzima ukuzithola, zivame ukuba phesheya futhi azishibhile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amasampula wamaships akho athunyelwa ekhelini okuvunyelwene ngalo, kepha abaphathi bokuzihlola noma babheke ukuthi ziyasebenza yini. Konke kuncike ekwakhiweni kwakho ...
Una esinye isisombululo salokho ukuthenga i-FPGA futhi uhlele noma yini okudingeka uyisebenzise ngaphakathi kwe-chip ...
Yini i-FPGA?
I-FPGA imele i-Field Programmable Gate Array. Kungamadivayisi edijithali noma ama-chip akwazi ukwakhelwa ukuvumela cishe noma yini ukuthi isetshenziswe. Okusho ukuthi, ngamanye amagama, kuyichip engenalutho lapho ungabhala khona. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa i-CPU, imemori, isilawuli, noma iyiphi i-logic, njll., Ukufeza ukusebenza okusheshayo futhi nazo zonke izinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa ku-chip hhayi ngezinto ze-elekthronikhi.
URoss Freeman noBernard Vonderschmitt, abangabasunguli beXilinx, yibona abasungula i-FPGA ngo-1984. Bayenza njengempucuko yezinhlayiya ze-CPLD zangaleso sikhathi. Amashipu ahlelwe yi-CPLD abe nokushoda okuthile okuxazulule ukwakhiwa okusha kwe-FPGA futhi kusukela lapho bekulokhu kuguquka kuze kube manje.
Imakethe ye-FPGA ithela kakhulu izinkampani eziyithandayo I-Intel, i-Xilinx, i-Altera, i-Logic esheshayo, i-Lattice, njll., batshale imali eningi ukuthuthukisa ama-FPGA angcono futhi futhi bashumeka izindawo zokuhlela noma ama-IDE abo. Ngakho-ke ukuhlinzeka ngamapulatifomu amahle kakhulu okusiza umsebenzi wabathuthukisi noma abenzi.
Njengamanje laba bakhiqizi abagcini ngokunikeza nge-chip ehlelwayo, kepha futhi bafaka izinto eziningi ezisizayo ukuletha amathuba amaningi konjiniyela. Isibonelo, afaka amaseli wememori ye-flash, amaseli wememori we-SDRAM, njalonjalo.
Zisetshenziselwani?
Ngakho-ke, i-FPGA ingafana ne-ASIC kepha lokho singakhetha kuzoba yini. Isibonelo, singakha ikhodi yokuyihlela bese siyiguqula ibe yi-CPU, i-GPU, i-adder, isilawuli sememori, noma esinye isifunda se-logic esenziwe ku-chip eyodwa.
Amathuba amahle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngincoma ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi incompho.org, isiza esinikezelwe ekunikezeni inqwaba yamaphrojekthi hardware libre. Uzothola amakhodi ku-VHDL, Verligo, njll., ye I-RAM, i-CPU, i-GPU, abalawuli, ama-ALU, ama-FPU, ama-decoder, nokunye okude..
Ihlelwa kanjani?
Ukuhlela i-FPGA singayenza kusuka ohlelweni lwethu lokusebenza oluthandayo, njenge-GNU / Linux, iWindows ne-MacOS, yize kunezindawo zokuthuthuka eziningi zeWindows. Ngokuvamile, izinkampani ezifanayo ezenza i-FPGA zinikele nge- I-IDE ephelele kakhulu ongasebenza nayo nokuthi ungawathola kuphi wonke amathuluzi owadingayo ku-software suite efanayo.
Uzodinga futhi i- I-FPGA chip noma ibhodi kanye nekhebuli edingekayo noma uhlelo ongaxhuma ngayo i-FPGA kwi-PC yakho ukudlulisa ikhodi ebhaliwe ku-FPGA ngakho-ke ihlelwe. Lokho kufana nalokho okwenzayo ngebhodi le-Arduino, ukubhala uhlelo lwe-Arduino IDE kwimemori ehlelwe yi-microcontroller.
Endabeni ye-FPGA kuphela esinayo i-matrix noma uhlu lwezinto zokuqala ezifana namaseli wememori, KANYE namasango, NOMA, HAYI, ama-Flip-flops, nabanye. izakhi eziyisisekelo noma amabhlogo we-elekthronikhi yedijithali esingazisebenzisa. Ngohlelo olubhaliwe esizokwenza ukufaka indlela lawa mabhulokhi abalulekile azohlanganiswa ngayo ukwakha isekethe elincane esilifunayo, njenge-ALU.
Lokho wukuthi, uma sihlela i-adder ku-IDE yethu, amabhlogo adingekayo wokusebenzisa lesi singezi bazoxhuma ngendlela efanele ngaphakathi kwe-FPGA ukuze i-chip isebenze njengesengezi. Kulula? Ngokuvamile, izindlela eziningi zisetshenziselwa lolu hlelo ezingeni lomzimba, njengezinkumbulo noma amafayili ukwenza isixhumanisi esihlala njalo kuleso simo.
Ijubane abasebenza ngalo lizoncika imvamisa yewashi lapho i-FPGA esiyithengile isebenza khona. Isibonelo, okuyisisekelo kakhulu kuvame ukusebenza kuma-50 Mhz, abanye bazokwenza njalo kumaza aphezulu kakhulu. Endabeni ye-50 Mhz FPGA, lokho kusho ukuthi izosebenza ngezinga lama-50.000.000 amahlandla ngomzuzwana. Uma siqhubeka nesengezo engisinikezile njengesibonelo, uzokwazi ukwenza lelo nani lesamba ngomzuzwana owodwa ...
Eqhubeka nendikimba yokuthi UhleloLapho sesazi ukuthi ungabhala ikhodi ngendlela ebesingabhala ngayo ku-Arduino IDE noma ukuthuthukisa noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo, futhi ukubona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ezingeni lehadiwe, ngizothi empeleni akulona uhlelo olunjalo. Kunalokho kuyincazelo yehadiwe. Eqinisweni, kusetshenziswa izilimi ezichaza i-Hardware njenge-VHDL, iVerilog, njll.
cunt lolo hlelo luchazwa ezingeni elinengqondo okwenziwa yisifunda esincane esikwenzayo. Bese iya ku-FPGA. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi amanye amapulatifomu avumela ukuhlelwa kwezilimi ezinjenge-C ukuthi zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-CPU ku-FPGA bese zikhiqiza izinhlelo ezizofakwa kwimemori futhi zicutshungulwe yiprosesa leyo.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino
Ama-FPGA ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ngokwehlukana, kepha kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunamathuluzi amaningi kanye namakhithi emakethe azokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula ukuhlanganisa I-FPGA ngeplatifomu ye-Arduino. Isibonelo sebhodi lokuletha ama-FPGA kumaphrojekthi akho nge-Arduino yi-MKR Vidor 4000, yize kukhona ezinye.
I-MKR Vidor 4000 yibhodi elinama-chips amathathu. Enye yazo i-FPGA, ikakhulukazi i-Intel Cyclone 10. Kukhona nezinye iziphuphu ze-Bluetooth LE noma zokuxhuma kokusebenzisa okuphansi kanye nokuhambisana kwe-WiFi. Umphelelisi omuhle wokunikeza i-Arduino yakho ngemisebenzi yokuxhuma futhi akwazi ukusebenzisa okudingayo ku-FPGA.
Ngayo une hardware ngokwezifiso, elungiselelwe wena ngokwakho ngenhloso oyifunayo. Lokho kunikeza amathuba angenamkhawulo.