I-actuator yomugqa ye-Arduino: i-mechatronics yamaphrojekthi akho

IMechatronics isiyalo esixubanisa imishini ne-elekthronikhi, okuyigatsha lobunjiniyela elenza imisebenzi eminingi elisebenzisa amarobhothi, i-elektroniki, ikhompyutha, ezokuxhumana, ukulawula, njll. Ukudlulela ngale kwamaphrojekthi we-elekthronikhi we-DIY, bese uqala ukuzama ngamaphrojekthi we-mechatronic, ungaqala ukuhlanganisa amadivayisi afana ne- izinjini noma i i-actuator eqondile nge-Arduino yakho.

Lokho kukuvula izwe elisha lamathuba kwabenzi. Eqinisweni, le actuator eqondile isebenza kakhulu ngokwazi ukwenza isenzo seselula noma ukusebenzisa amandla kwezinye izinto. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe? Siyakutshela ...

Izinhlobo zama-actuator aqondile

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-actuator, yize kule ndatshana sizogxila kulowo osebenzisa imoto kagesi ukushayela i-plunger. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi kungahle kube nezinye izinhlobo:

Ama-hydraulic: basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile loketshezi ukunyakazisa i-piston, isibonelo kungaba yimishini eminingi yezolimo noma abembayo, besebenzisa lawa ma-piston nengcindezi kawoyela ukuhambisa izingalo ezichaziwe, imishini ye-hydraulic, njll.
Ugesi: zingama-actuator asebenzisa isikulufa esingapheli esishukunyiswa yimoto kagesi ukukhiqiza ukunyakaza. Kukhona nohlobo lwe-solenoid (i-electromagnet), olusebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukuhambisa i-piston noma i-plunger kanye nentwasahlobo ukuyibuyisela esimweni sayo sokuqala lapho leyo nsimu ingasebenzi. Isibonelo esisebenzayo singaba yisibonelo sokugcina engisethula kule ndatshana, noma amanye amaningi amarobhothi, amadivayisi ajwayelekile, njll.
Amathayi: basebenzisa umoya njengoketshezi, esikhundleni soketshezi njengakuma-hydraulic. Isibonelo salokhu yi-actuator ejwayelekile yomugqa etholakala kumasifundisane wezobuchwepheshe kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo.

Umgomo wokugcina wale divayisi uguqule amandla umfutholuketshezi, ugesi noma i-pneumatic endaweni eqondile kuleli cala, ngaleyo ndlela kusebenze amandla, ukugxilisa, ukusebenza njengomlawuli, ukwenza enye inqubo isebenze, njll.

Mayelana ne-actuator eqondile kagesi

Ngokuyinhloko a kagesi actuator yomugqa akuyona into edlula imoto kagesi, kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yi-NEMA njengoba sekubonile. Le motor ijika shaft yayo, futhi ngokuhlanganiswa kwamagiya noma ngamaketanga anamazinyo izophendula isibungu. Lesi sikulufa esingapheli sizozibophezela ngokuslayida kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye (kuya ngokuya ngokushintshana) i-plunger noma induku.

Lokho plunger kuzoba yiyona esebenza njenge-actuator ukucindezela okuthile, ukudonsa okuthile, ukusebenzisa amandla, njll. Izicelo zibanzi impela. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kuyinto elula impela engabambi izimfihlakalo eziningi kakhulu.

Lawa ma-actuator aqondile, ngokungafani namanye angahambisani nomugqa, anethuba lokukwazi ukuzikhandla amabutho amakhulu nokufuduswa kwabantu ebabazekayo (kuya ngemodeli). Kepha kwe-Arduino, unamamodeli athile angahamba kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-150 Kgf (amandla ekhilogremu noma kilopond), nokususwa kwenye indawo okungu-100 kuye ku-180 mm.

Njengobubi obukhulu kungukuthi ijubane lokuhambaNgoba ngokusebenzisa la mandla amakhulu, amasondo okunciphisa adingekayo ukukhulisa i-torque azokwehlisa ijubane lokunweba nokuhlehlisa. Isivinini se-4 kuye ku-20 mm / s singanikezwa kumamodeli ajwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqedela yonke inqubo eqondile, kungasuka kumasekhondi ayishumi nambili kuye emizuzwini embalwa uma kungenzeka ibe yinde futhi ihamba kancane ...

Ngokuqondene neyakhe ukondla, unawo ama-voltages ahlukahlukene noma ama-voltages. Isibonelo, okujwayelekile ukuthi angama-12 noma ama-24v, noma ungakuthola ngezansi nangaphezulu kwalokho. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwabo, bangahluka kusuka ku-2A kuye ku-5A kwezinye izimo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuba yinjini enamandla, ukusetshenziswa kuphezulu ... Ngakho-ke uma uhlela ukuyondla ngamabhethri, kufanele ucabange ukuthi banamandla adingekayo.

Ukulawulwa kwe-actuator eqondile

I-actuator eqondile kagesi ongayitholela i-Arduino ingaba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze ukulawula:

Nge-potentiometer: ngokusebenzisa i-potentiometer abavumela ukukhetha indawo ye-piston.
Ngokuphela komsebenzi: ukushintshwa komkhawulo ekugcineni ngakunye kuzokwenza ukuthi izime yodwa uma isifinyelele phezulu.
Ngaphandle kolawulo: abanazo izinhlelo zokulawula ezingenhla.

Ukuphina

El ukukhipha ye-actuator eqondile ayikwazanga ukuba lula. Inezintambo ezimbili zokuqhuba ukondla imoto kagesi ukuthi iyayihlanganisa, futhi akukho okudlula lokho. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga zero. Ukuphela kwento okufanele uyikhumbule ukunweba noma ukuhoxisa isiqu ukuthi ukujikeleza kwemoto kufanele kuguqulwe (i-polarity yamanje).

Ukuze lokho kwenzeke ungakwazi sebenzisa isilawuli se-H-bridge njengaleyo esetshenziselwa izinjini zamanje eziqondile. Ungase ucabange ukuthi umuntu onjengaye uyakusebenzela L298N, u abanye kubonwe, njenge-TB6612FNG, njll. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi akekho noyedwa wabo onamandla anele kulawa ma-actuator aqondile (uma emakhulu). Ngakho-ke, isilawuli besizosha.

Ngakho-ke, ungakha kuphela ukulawula kwakho ijubane usebenzisa ama-transistors afana ne-BJTs noma ama-MOSFET, ngisho udlulisela isimo esiqinile ...

Ungathenga kuphi i-actuator eqondile?

El intengo ye-actuator eqondile izoncika kakhulu ngosayizi, isivinini, ubude, kanye namandla ekwazi ukumelana nawo. Imvamisa ungabathola kusuka ku- € 20 kuye ku- € 200. Futhi uzozithola kalula ezitolo ezikhethekile ze-elekthronikhi noma kwezinye izitolo eziku-inthanethi ezifana neAmazon. Ngokwesibonelo:

Eminingi yale mikhiqizo ivikelwe kuyo uthuli namachaphazelo isitifiketi se-IPX54. Futhi khumbula izincomo zomkhiqizi, izinsimbi ezibonisiwe azihlali zisekelwa kubo bonke ubude besandiso, kwezinye izimo kuphela isisindo somkhawulo esithile esisekelwa kufinyelela kusandiso esithile.

Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino

Lezi zinhlobo zama-actuator zingaba nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene okusebenzayo uma uzihlanganisa nebhodi lakho le-Arduino. Ukwenza lokhu, into yokuqala okufanele uyazi yindlela ongakwazi ngayo yenza umdwebo wokuxhuma nebheji lakho. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, akuyona inkimbinkimbi nhlobo, ngakho-ke ayivezi inkinga enkulu kakhulu.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona ohlelweni olungenhla engiludwebile, ngisebenzise ukudlulisela okumbili kanye ne-actuator eqondile. I- imigqa enemibala ozibona zimela okulandelayo:

Okubomvu nokumnyama: yizintambo ze-actuator eqondile ezizoya kudluliso ngalunye olusetshenzisiwe.
grey: uxhume emhlabathini noma ku-GND kulowo nalowo mhlangano njengoba ubona.
Azul: iya ekunikezelweni kwamandla kagesi i-relay, kulokhu kuzoba phakathi kuka-5v no-12v.
oluhlaza: imigqa ye-Vcc yemodyuli ixhunywe ku-5v webhodi lakho le-Arduino.
grey: futhi umhlabathi, oxhunywe kusuka kwimodyuli kuya kwi-Arduino GND.
Okuphephuli no-olintshi: yimigqa yokulawula ezoya kunoma yiziphi izikhonkwane ze-Arduino ukulawula i-spin. Isibonelo, ungaya ku-D8 naku-D9.

Ngokuqondene nesibonelo se- ikhodi yomthombo ye-Arduino IDE yakhoUmdwebo wokulawulwa okuyisisekelo uzoba ngokulandelayo:

//configurar las salidas digitales
const int rele1 = 8;
const int rele2 = 9;
 
void setup()
{
   pinMode(rele1, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(rele2, OUTPUT);
 
   //Poner los relés a bajo
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}
 
void loop()
{
   extendActuator();
   delay(2000);
   retractActuator();
   delay(2000);
   stopActuator();
   delay(2000);
}
 
//Activar uno de los relés para extender el actuador
void extendActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele1, HIGH);
}
 
//Lo inverso a lo anterior para retraer el émbolo
void retractActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   delay(250);
   digitalWrite(rele2, HIGH);
}
 
//Poner ambos releś apagados parar el actuador
void stopActuator()
{
   digitalWrite(rele1, LOW);
   digitalWrite(rele2, LOW);
}

Ungakwazi shintsha ikhodi ukwazi ukulawula nokubeka i-plunger ezikhundleni ezithile uma ufisa, noma engeza izinto eziningi ...

Hardwarelibre

I-actuator eqondile ye-Arduino: i-mechatronics yamaphrojekthi wakho