I-Arduino Mega: konke mayelana nebhodi elikhulu lentuthuko

Uma ipuleti Arduino UNO Isambiso3 incane kakhulu kuwe futhi ufuna ukudala amaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu futhi ujabulele amandla amaningi, khona-ke okudingayo ibhodi I-Arduino Mega, enye yamamodeli atholakalayo enziwe ngonjiniyela abafanayo nebhodi lasekuqaleni, kepha ifakwe i-microcontroller esheshayo, imemori ethe xaxa, nezikhonkwane eziningi ezizohlelwa.

I-Arduino Mega inokufana okuningi Arduino UNO, kepha kukhona umehluko okwenza kube okhetheke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu abenzi bafuna okuthile okungaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, uma uqala akuyona inketho enhle kunazo zonke, kepha kungenxa yokuthi usuvele usebenzise amakhono e-UNO futhi ufuna ukuqhubeka.

Yini i-Arduino Mega?

I-Arduino Mega Lingelinye ibhodi lezentuthuko elisemthethweni elisuselwa ku-Atmel ATmega2560 microcontroller, yingakho igama lalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi izikhonkwane zokufaka zedijithali nezokukhipha ezingama-54, zazo eziyi-15 ezingasetshenziswa njenge- Imiphumela ye-PWM. Inokufakwa okungu-16 kwe-analog, ama-UART ama-4 njengamachweba we-serial we-hardware, i-16 Mhz crystal oscillator, uxhumano lwe-USB, isixhumi samandla, iheda ye-ICSP, nenkinobho yokusetha kabusha.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uqhathanisa ne- Arduino UNO, inamakhono aphezulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwe- intengo yayo kancane. Kodwa-ke, akubizi nhlobo, kubiza ama-euro ambalwa ngaphezulu futhi ungakuthola ezitolo eziningi ezikhethekile:

• Thenga ibhodi ye-Arduino Mega: cishe u- € 40 unayo ipuleti Arduino UNO, kanye nekesi lepulasitiki.

Iqukethe konke okudingayo nge-microcontroller yakho, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhathazeke kuphela ngokusetha iphrojekthi yakho ye-DIY, ukuxhuma ibhodi nge-USB kwikhompyutha, ukulanda umdwebo owudale ne-Arduino IDE, nokuwusebenzisa.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi, ngokungafani namabhodi wangaphambilini, i-Arduino Mega ayisebenzisi i-chip ye-FTDI USB-to-serial chip. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa i- I-chip ye-ATmega16U2 kuzibuyekezo zayo zakamuva (i-Rev1 ne-Rev2 zisebenzise i-ATmega8U2). Okusho ukuthi, inohlelo lokuguqula lwe-USB-to-serial.

Ipuleti leli ilungele ubuningi bamaphrojekthi athuthukile, njengokusebenza njengobuchopho kubaphrinta be-3D, amarobhothi ezimboni ze-CNC, njll. Futhi ahambisana ngokuphelele nezihlangu noma izihlangu ze Arduino UNO, ngakho-ke uzothola inqwaba yezinto ezihambisanayo nomphakathi omuhle ohlale ukulungele ukusiza ngemibuzo nezinkinga zakho.

Futhi uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihambisanayo namamojula, kule blog efanayo kuningi kwabo okuchazwe igxathu negxathu nakho konke okudingayo ukukusebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• 28BYJ-28
• IGyroscope
• I-ACS712
• ESP8266
• njll

Imininingwane eningiliziwe ye-Arduino Mega

Ipuleti I-Arduino Mega inakho konke ongakuthola epuletini Arduino Uno I-Rev3, kepha ngokungezwa okuthile okuyenza ibe namandla kakhulu, njengoba sengishilo.

Izici zobuchwepheshe, uhlelo kanye ne-pinout

I-Las izici zobuchwepheshe webhodi le-Arduino Mega okufanele wazi ukuthi:

• I-Atmel ATmega2560 microcontroller nge-16 Mhz
• I-256 KB flash memory (i-8KB esetshenziswa yi-bootloader engeke isetshenziselwe izinhlelo zakho)
• Inkumbulo engu-8 KB SRAM.
• Imemori engu-4 KB EEPROM.
• Amandla wokusebenza we-5v
• Amandla wokufaka 7-12v
• Imikhawulo yamandla wokufaka: 6-20v
• Izikhonkwane ezingama-54 zedijithali, eziyi-15 kuzo kungaba yi-PWM. Zingalungiswa ngekhodi ye-Arduino IDE njengokufakwayo noma okuphumayo.
• Izikhonkwane zokufaka eziyi-16.
• Izikhonkwane ze-4 ze-UART, i-USB, i-RX ne-TX zokuxhumana, kanye ne-TWI ne-SPI.
• Izikhonkwane zamandla: 5v ukunikezela ngamanje kumaphrojekthi inqobo nje uma ibhodi londliwa phakathi kuka-7 no-12v noma nge-5v USB. Iphini le-3v3 linganikezela ngamandla ka-3.3 volts. Izikhonkwane ze-GND zingasetshenziswa ukwenza phansi amaphrojekthi akho. Ngenkathi iphini le-IOREF liyiphini ebhodini yokunikeza amandla wesethenjwa lapho i-microcontroller isebenza khona.
• Okwamanje kwephini ngalinye le-I / O ngu-40mA DC.
• Okwamanje okulethwa yiphini 3v3 ngu-50 mA.

Ngingathanda futhi ukwengeza ukuthi i-Arduino Mega ine-polyfuse evuselelekayo ukuvikela imbobo yayo ye-USB kwikhompyutha oxhuma kuyo ibhodi. Ngale ndlela uzogwema ukulimala ngenxa yamasekethe amafushane kumaphrojekthi akho noma ama-overcurrents angenzeka. Lowo ungqimba olungeziwe lokuvikelwa kwangaphakathi okusetshenziswa yile nguqulo okukhahlela uma kufakwa ngaphezulu kwe-500 mA ethekwini le-USB, kwephula ukuxhumana ngokuzenzakalela kuze kususwe lokho okugcwala ngokweqile.

Amadokhumenti

Ungalanda futhi nefayela le- ishidi lobuchwepheshe noma i-datasheet ngakho konke odinga ukukwazi ngemininingwane ye-elekthronikhi yalo mkhiqizo, imisinga ephezulu kanye nama-voltages avunyelwe ukuze angalimazi ibhodi, i-pinout ephelele, nemininingwane eminingi ongathanda ukuba nayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungalilanda kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni:

• Amafayela we-EAGLE anezikimu zabenzi.
• Imidwebo ye-elekthronikhi yebhodi Arduino UNO.
• Ubukhulu be-PCB.

I-Arduino IDE nezinhlelo

Ukuze uhlele i-Arduino Mega, kanye namanye amamodeli webhodi lokuthuthuka, unayo isoftware ebizwa I-Arduino IDE. Leplatifomu yokuthuthuka iyahambisana ne-MacOS, iWindows neLinux. I-suite yomthombo wonke ovulekile futhi ongaqala ngayo ukudala amakhodi wakho womthombo bese uwaqopha ebhodini usebenzisa ikhebula le-USB.

• Landa i-Arduino IDE kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi.

Njengoba wazi, lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ifayela le- ulimi lohlelo owokuzalwa e-Arduino ngezinhlelo zayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme lokuCubungula. Ifana nezinye izilimi, ngoba isuselwa ku-C ++, ene-syntax namafomu afanayo.

Ezihlokweni zale blog sivame ukufaka ekugcineni ezinye ikhodi noma amazwibela wesikeshi ngamasampula ekhodi ukuqalisa ngephrojekthi ngayinye noma into esiyethula. Ngakho-ke ungaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zakho zokuqala. Kepha uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi nge-Arduino IDE nokuthi ungahlela kanjani amaphrojekthi akho, ngikumema ukuthi ulande inkambo yethu yokuhlela yamahhala I-Arduino IDE nge-PDF.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomphelelisi kumaphrojekthi wakho athuthukile, kungenzeka ukuthi udinga ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza noma isoftware ezokusiza ukuthi konke kuvezwe futhi kucace ngokwengeziwe ukuze ungenzi udlame. Ngakho-ke, Uzophinde ube nentshisekelo yokwazi amaphrojekthi afana:

• I-KiCad: kuyimvelo ye-EDA yokuthuthukiswa kwe-elektroniki yokwenza imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlelwa kwayo. Imahhala, umthombo ovulekile, nesoftware yesikhulumi se-Linux, iMacOS, neWindows.
• Kuyamangaza: kungumthombo ovulekile osebenzayo kanye nesoftware ye-multiplatform ezokusiza ukuthi wakhe amaphrojekthi akho ngesikimu noma nge-3D ukuwabonisa.