Enye ye Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi okufanele wazi ukuthi yi-microcontroller, noma i-MCU (MicroController Unit), UMC328. Enye yama-chips athandwa kakhulu ongayihlelela ubuningi bezicelo zazo zonke izinhlobo, womabili amaphrojekthi we-DIY, noma amanye amaphrojekthi wezimboni, njll.
Ngokuqinisekile igama layo lizwakala lijwayelekile kuwe, futhi lingenye yama-microchips asetshenziswa amapuleti I-Arduino nabanye amabhodi entuthuko Kuyafana. Empeleni, ikakhulukazi, bekuyileplatifomu evulekile yezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha nayo ebambe iqhaza ekudumeni kwayo ekukhuphukeni.
Kusuka e-Atmel kuya eMicrochip
I-Atmel Corporation kwakuyinkampani yama-semiconductor eyasungulwa ngo-1984. Umkhiqizo wenkampani owasungulwa nguGeorge Perlegos wawuyisichasiso se-Advanced Technology for Memory and Logic.
Kuwo wonke umlando wabo, bakhiqize amadivayisi we-RF, i-WiMAX, i-ASICs, i-SoCs, i-EEPROM ne-flash memory, njll. Kepha, ikakhulukazi, nabo bagxile koku Izilawuli ezincane. Phakathi kwazo, zifake okunye okuphuma ku-Intel 8051, okususelwa ku-AVR naku-AVR32 (zombili izakhiwo ezakhiwe yi-Atmel uqobo) futhi futhi zisuselwa ku-ARM.
Sus imikhiqizo Basebenzele zombili i-electronics yabathengi, njengezinkampani zokuxhumana ngocingo, imboni ye-elekthronikhi, imishini yezokwelapha, izimoto, umkhakha we-aerospace, amakhadi aphephile, kanye nezempi.
Kepha IMicrosoftchip Technology, futhi ngomunye umkhiqizi omkhulu we-semiconductor wase-Arizona. Kunikezelwe kuma-microcontroller, izinkumbulo (i-EEPROM ne-EPROM), i-RF, namanye amadivayisi we-analog, kanye namathuluzi esoftware wohlelo nentuthuko. Ama-microcontroller ayo avelele ikakhulukazi, ngomndeni othuthukiswe wodwa njengama-PIC.
Yini i-microcontroller noma i-MCU?
Un isilawuli esincane, µC, UC noma i-MCU (Microcontroller Unit), noma yini ofuna ukuyibiza ngayo, iyi-IC ehlelayo ekwazi ukwenza ama-oda alayishwe kwimemori yayo. Ngakho-ke, i-microcontroller cishe iyikhompyutha ephelele kwi-chip. Inazo zonke izinto ezihlanganisiwe, njenge-CPU, i-RAM, i-ROM kanye nemingcele ye-I / O (i-GPIO, izibali sikhathi noma izinto zokubala, abaguquleli be-A / D, i-SPI, I2C, I-USB, i-Ethernet, iziqhathanisi, I-PWM, Njll).
Ngokusobala, ukusebenza Lawa makhompyutha kwi-chip awaphakeme njengama-PC amanje.Akusebenza ngokufana nemishini yamashumi eminyaka edlule. Kodwa-ke, ziyasebenza kakhulu futhi zivame ukuheha imisebenzi ehlukile lapho kungadingeki ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengokulawula imishini yezimboni, ukulawula imisebenzi ethile ezimotweni, emabhodini ezentuthuko, ezintweni zasendlini nokunye
Yini i-ATmega328P?
El UMC328 Kuyi-microcontroller eyenziwe ngu-Atmel, eyichungechunge lwe-megaAVR. Okwamanje ngekaMicrochip. Ngokuphathelene nemingcele yayo kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe ezivelele kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-8-bit AVR
- 32 KB ukukhanya
- 1 KB EEPROM
- 2 KB SRAM
- 23 imigqa ejwayelekile ye-I / O
- Amarejista wenhloso ejwayelekile angama-32
- Isilinganiso / izibali ezi-3 ngemodi yokuqhathanisa
- Ukuphazamiseka Kwangaphakathi / Kwangaphandle (24)
- Umklami wohlelo lwe-UART
- Isixhumanisi esibonakalayo
- SPI
- Isiguquli se-8-channel 10-bit A / D
- Iziteshi ze-PWM eziyi-6
- I-watchdog ehlelwe nge-oscillator yangaphakathi
- Izindlela ezi-5 zokonga amandla zesoftware
- 1.8v kuye ku-5.5v ugesi.
- Ifinyelela ku-1 MIPS yokusebenza, okungukuthi, imiyalo eyisigidi ekhishwa njalo ngomzuzwana.
- Imvamisa yewashi engu-20 Mhz
- Iphakhejiwe, kungaba i-DIP noma i-PLCC. Ngezikhonkwane ezingama-28.
Ngokuqondene neyakhe i-pinout ne-datasheet, unga zilande kusuka lapha.
Yini i-AVR?
Uma uzibuza yini i-AVR, iwuhlobo lwe-8-bit RISC-hlobo olwakhiwe yi-Ateml ngomugqa wayo wama-microcontroller. Ekuqaleni yakhulelwa abafundi ababili abavela eNorway Institute of Technology, futhi kamuva yacwengisiswa futhi yathuthukiswa yi-Atmel Norway. Manje isetshenziswa imigqa ye-ATmega, ATxmega, ATtiny, ne-AT90.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulandela i- Uhlelo lweHarvard, inamarejista angama-32 8-bit, futhi yayihlala yakhelwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-C engqondweni ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu.