Kule bhulogi sesiphawulile ngokunye Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, kufaka phakathi ama-electrolytic capacitors, futhi zingahlolwa kanjani. Manje yithuba le-ceramic capacitor, uhlobo oluthile lwalezi zisetshenziswa ze-passive ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumasekhethi amaningi azo zonke izinhlobo, futhi ezinemininingwane ethile uma kuqhathaniswa nama-electrolytic capacitor.
Ngalo mhlahlandlela uzoqonda Bayini, ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenzeka, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, kanye nezibonelo ezithile zokusebenzisa nokuthi ungazithenga kuphi.
Yini i-capacitor?
Un okokujiya Kuyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esikwazi ukugcina ishaji kagesi ngendlela yomehluko ongaba khona. Kuyinto yokwenziwa, njengama-resistors, ama-potentiometers, amakhoyili, njll. Ngokuqondene nendlela yokufeza lokhu kugcinwa kwamandla, bakwenza ngokusekela insimu kagesi.
Ama-Capacitor anokusetshenziswa okuningi, futhi angasetshenziswa kokubili kumasekhethi e-electronic namasekhethi kagesi, kokubili ku- wamanje oqondile noshintshayo.
i-ceramic capacitor
Un i-ceramic capacitor Ivamise ukuba naleso simo esingavamile, kwesinye isikhathi esibukeka njenge-lentil, nakuba ingaphinda isetshenziswe njengezinto zokubeka phezulu (i-SMD), njenge-MLCC (eseyimfashini kakhulu manje ngenxa yezinkinga zamakhadi wehluzo we-NVIDIA). Kulesi simo, umehluko nezinye izinhlobo ze-capacitor ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-dielectric ziyi-ceramic, ngakho-ke igama layo.
Ngokuvamile basebenzisa izendlalelo eziningana, nge amakhono ehlukene (imvamisa isuka ku-1nF iye ku-1F, nakuba kukhona okungafika ku-100F), osayizi nobujamo bejometri. Nokho, ngenxa yemiphumela emibi efana nemisinga eddy.
I-Ceramic (kwesokunxele) kanye ne-electrolytic (kwesokudla) capacitor
Omunye umehluko nge-electrolytics ukuthi i-ceramic capacitor Abanayo i-polarity ngakho-ke, zingasetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ekushintsheni izifunda zamanje ngokuphepha, into engenzeki nge-electrolytics, ene-polarity echaziwe futhi izigxobo kufanele zihlonishwe uma ungafuni ukuqeda nge-capacitor eqhumayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ceramic capacitor nayo ine-fantastic imvamisa impendulo. Ziphinde zivelele ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokushisa okuhle ngenxa yezinto zazo, kanye nenani eliphansi.
Umlando we-ceramic capacitor
i-ceramic condenser yasungulwa ngo-1900 e-Italy. Ekupheleni kwawo-1930, i-titanate yaqala ukungezwa kuma-ceramics (i-BaTiO3 noma i-barium titanate), engenziwa ngezindleko eziphansi. Izicelo zokuqala zalezi zixhobo zazisemishini yezempi yezempi phakathi neminyaka yama-40. Emashumini amabili eminyaka kamuva, ama-capacitor e-ceramic laminated azoqala ukuthengiswa, okwakubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-electronics ngawo-70.
Izinhlobo ze-ceramic capacitors
Kuneziningana izinhlobo ze-ceramic capacitor, ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:
- ama-semiconductors: zincane kakhulu, njengoba zifinyelela ukuminyana okuhle, ngomthamo omkhulu kanye nobukhulu obuncane. Kulokhu basebenzisa i-dielectric engaguquki, kanye nogqinsi oluncane kakhulu lwengqimba.
- i-voltage ephezulu: I-Barium titanate ne-strontium titanate isetshenziswa njenge-ceramic material ukuze imelane nezingcindezi eziphakeme. Nakuba befinyelela i-coefficient ephezulu ye-dielectric kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kwe-AC, banesimo esibi sokushintsha amandla ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.
- i-multilayer ceramic capacitor: basebenzisa izendlalelo ezimbalwa ze-ceramic noma i-dielectric kanye ne-conductive material. Baziwa nangokuthi i-monolithic chip capacitors. Anembe kakhulu, mancane ngosayizi futhi alungele ukugxunyekwa phezulu PCB. Uthe ama-MLCC angalolu hlobo.
I-Los i-ceramic disc capacitors ngokuvamile banamandla asuka ku-10pF kuya ku-100pF, asekelwa amandla ogesi asukela ku-16V kuya ku-15kV futhi aphakeme nakakhulu kwezinye izimo. Lezi zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwazo.
Ngokuphambene, i-multilayer ceramic thayipha i-MLCC, sebenzisa ukugaywa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenza ngogesi kanye ne-ferroelectric kanye nezendlalelo zensimbi ezishintshanayo. Zingaba nezingqimba ezingama-500 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ezinogqinsi lwama-microns angu-0.5. Uhla lwayo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza luthize, futhi lunamandla nokusekelwa kwe-voltage kuphansi kunangaphambili.
Aplicaciones
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-ceramic capacitor, i- isebenzisa Zingahluka kakhulu, njengoba ngike ngaphawula ngaphambilini:
- I-MLCC: ngokuvamile embonini yezogesi, kumadivayisi anhlobonhlobo, kusukela kumakhompyutha, kuya kumadivaysi eselula, omabonakude, njll.
- abanye: Angasukela ku-voltage ephezulu kanye nezinto zikagesi nezinhlelo ze-AC, kuye kuziguquli ze-AC/DC, amasekhethi amafrikhwensi aphezulu, kuye kumamotho e-DC abhulashiwe ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo we-RF, amarobhothi, njll.
Izici ze-Capacitor
Ama-Capacitor, ama-electrolytic kanye nama-ceramic capacitor, anochungechunge lwezimpawu okufanele uzazi lapho ukhetha ezifanele iphrojekthi yakho. Ingabe izici Yilezi:
- Ukunemba nokubekezelelana: Njengama-resistors, ama-capacitor nawo anokubekezela nokunemba kwawo. Kukhona amakilasi amabili okwamanje:
- Ikilasi 1 elezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kuyadingeka nalapho amandla ahlala engashintshile ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe, izinga lokushisa, kanye nobuningi. Lezi zisebenza kumazinga okushisa asuka ku -55ºC kuya ku-+125ºC, futhi ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuhluka kuphela. ±I-1%.
- I-Class 2 inomthamo ophezulu, kodwa ayinembe kangako futhi ukubekezelelana kwabo kubi kakhulu. Ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo kungabangela ukuthi amandla ayo ahluke aze afike ku-15% kanye nokubekezelela okucishe kube ngu-20% ukuhluka ngokuphathelene namandla okuzisholo.
- ifomethi: Kunama-capacitor e-ceramic ajwayelekile, okusoda noma asetshenziswe ebhodini lokuthuthukisa, ama-MLCC amasekhethi esimanje aphrintiwe noma ama-PCB.
- amandla kanye ne-voltage: akuzona zonke ezisekela i-voltage namandla afanayo. Ipharamitha okuzodingeka uyihlole lapho uthenga ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isekela ububanzi lapho izosebenza khona. Labo abanama-VA angaphezu kuka-200 bangakwazi ukumelana nama-voltages ukusuka ku-2 kV ukuya ku-100 kV, okuyinqwaba, ngisho nasezintanjeni zikagesi. Nokho, ama-MLCC ngokuvamile asekela noma yikuphi ukusuka kumavolthi ambalwa ukuya kumakhulu ama-volts.
Amakhodi
Ama-Ceramic capacitor anezinombolo ezi-3 eziqoshwe kobunye bobuso bawo. Isibonelo, 101, 102, 103, njll., ngaphezu kwamanani ku-pF (pico farads). Lezi amakhodi kulula ukuwahumusha:
- Amadijithi amabili okuqala yinani le-capacitance ku-pF.
- Inombolo yesithathu ikhombisa inombolo yoziro abasetshenziswa kunani.
Por ejemplo, i-104 isho ukuthi ino-10 · 10.000 = 100.000 pF, noma yini efanayo 100 nF noma 0.1 μF.
En imibhalo Ungabona nomkhiqizi, amandla kagesi asekelwe, noma ukubekezelela...
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Uma uzibuza nge izinzuzo kanye nokubi we-ceramic capacitor, amaphuzu abalulekile yilawa:
- Izinzuzo:
- Isakhiwo esihlangene.
- ezishibhile.
- Ifanele ukushintshana kwamanje ngenxa yemvelo yayo engeyona i-polarized.
- Ibekezelela ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu.
- nebubi:
- Inani le-capacitance lincane.
- Banomphumela we-microphonic kumasekhethi.
Ungahlola kanjani i-ceramic disc capacitor
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-ceramic disc capacitor, futhi uhlole ukuthi isebenza kahle yini noma yonakele (isifunda esifushane ngenxa ye-voltage ngokweqile,...), ungakwazi landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Sebenzisa i-multimeter noma i-multimeter ukuhlola i-ceramic capacitor.
- Bona isihloko esinikezelwe kulokhu...
lapho ukuthenga capacitor
Ukuthenga lezi amadivaysi ashibhile, ungabheka izitolo ezikhethekile zikagesi noma ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Amazon:
- Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele..
- Iphakethe lamayunithi angama-630 we-electrolytic capacitor yamakhono ahlukahlukene.
- Ikhithi ye-100 MLCC yohlobo lwama-capacitor e-ceramic.
- 10 non-polarized polypropylene capacitor.
- Amayunithi angama-300 we-high voltage capacitor.
- 4 high voltage electrolytic capacitors.