I-Electroscope: ungayenza kanjani into yokuzenzela kanye nezicelo

Impela sekukaningi ubona noma, okungenani, uzwile nge i-electroscope. Insimbi yokulinganisa evame ukusetshenziswa njengesibonisi kumasifundisane amaningi nasemakilasini ezemfundo lapho kusetshenzelwa izihloko ze-electromagnetism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, njengoba ubona kulesi sihloko.

Lapha uzofunda Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-electroscope, indlela yokwenza okuzenzela, izinhlelo zayo, nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukwenza izilinganiso zamapharamitha ahlukile noma izivivinyo zasekhaya lakho ... Kungaba yithuluzi elihle lokufundisa ukufundisa abancane nge-electromagnetism.

Yini i-electroscope?

Un i-electroscope It is a device that contains a vertical rod rod which it contact with some charge. Ekupheleni okuphambene inamashidi amabili ensimbi amancane. Lapho ukukhokhiswa kusondelwa emaphethelweni we-electroscope, lawa makhasi azohlukana ngenxa yesibonakaliso esilinganayo salezi zindleko kulezi ezimbili, kukhiqize amandla kazibuthe anyanyekayo.

Imvamisa, i- induku yensimbi okume mpo kuvame ukwenziwa ngethusi, noma okufanayo, kuyilapho izingcwecwe ezisekugcineni kungenziwa ngegolide noma i-aluminium. Amashidi azofakwa ebhokisini lengilazi elisobala noma isibani (ingilazi ayikwazi ukuxhumana namashidi noma nenduku). Ingilazi, kuma-electroscopes ochwepheshe, inohlaka lwensimbi oluzoxhumana nomhlabathi.

Umphumela uba ukuthi lapho umthwalo usondela enduku mpo, i- izindwani ziyanyakaza ukuvula (bayahlukana). Le nhlangano yiyona ekhombisa umsebenzisi ukuthi kukhona umthwalo okhona, nokuqina kwawo, ngoba angavulwa kakhulu noma kancane ngokuya ngawo. Futhi lapho umthwalo ususiwe noma ukhanseliwe, izindwani zibuyela endaweni yazo yokuphumula.

Kodwa-ke, akuyona intengo yokulinganisa ukukala imithwalo ngokunembile, kuphela ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini. Okunganqunywa ngokunembile yilokho uphawu lomthwalo. Lapho ukukhokhiswa kungophawu olufanayo nenkokhiso eyaziwayo ye-electroscope, lapho-ke bazoba ngophawu olufanayo. Kepha uma besondela, khona-ke bazoba okuphambene.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ngokufanele amashidi kufanele ahlale esesimweni ngenxa yomthwalo. Kepha akunjalo, umthwalo ulahlekile ngenxa yomphumela we ukuqhutshwa kagesi komoya ngaphakathi kwebhodlela lengilazi (kufanele lingabi nalutho lokho kungenzeki). Kepha lo mphumela, kunokuba ube mubi, uyasebenza futhi ukukala ukuminyana kwama-ion emoyeni.

historia

Le divayisi iqale yadalwa ngu- UWilliam Gilbert, ngo-1600. Futhi ukwenze ukufeza izivivinyo ngamacala we-electrostatic. Futhi yize ngaleso sikhathi bekusebenzela lokho, okwamanje akusebenzi kangako ngaphandle kwemfundo noma ukwenza imiboniso ethile.

Kuze kube namuhla, zikhona izinsimbi leso silinganiso sikhokhisa ngokunemba kakhudlwana, nangokusebenza kahle kakhulu kunalesi sici esingahluziwe ... Isibonelo, kunamamitha kagesi kagesi, imitshina yenkambu kagesi, njll. Zonke zinezicelo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu.

Aplicaciones

I-electroscope, njengoba kufanele ube usuyi-intuit, isetshenziswa njengethuluzi linganisa uma kukhona imali kagesi kanye nophawu lwayo. Kepha ayinalo lelo hlelo lokusebenza kuphela, lokhu engikushilo ngokukala ukuminyana kwama-ions emoyeni nakho kunikeza omunye umthamo ongaziwa kangako.

Futhi ukuthi, i-electroscope, nayo ingasebenza ku linganisa imisebe emvelweni. Uhlobo lwe "Ikhawunta ye-Geiger»Ukuzenzela, yize kungenembile kangako… Kepha kwanele ukuthola ubukhona bezinto ezinemisebe ekhipha imisebe noma imisebe eseduze.

Uyenza kanjani i-electroscope ekhaya

Yenza i-electroscope Kungumsebenzi olula kakhulu, futhi ungenziwa ngisho nangezinto osunazo vele ekhaya noma ezenziwe kabusha. Akudingekile ukutshalwa kwemali enkulu, futhi ungakwenza ngisho nokuncane kakhulu ukufunda ngomsebenzi.

I-Los izinto zokwakha okufanele uqoqe yile:

• Imichilo ye-Gold foil noma ucwecwe lwekhishi le-aluminium. Kungaba yisiqeshana esicishe sibe ngu-2cm futhi sibe ngu-10cm ubude.
• Ucingo lwe-Copper ukushuba kwenduku mpo kanye nehuku elizobamba izindwani.
• Ingilazi yeglasi enesivalo sokuvikela.
• Ongakukhetha - Uma ungayitholi imbiza enesivalo esigaxekile, futhi usebenzisa ikani elijwayelekile elinesivalo sensimbi, kufanele ungeze ithubhu lokuvikela insimbi ukuze induku emile ingaxhumani nensimbi. Isivikelo kungaba ikhava lekhebula lethusi uqobo (uma linalo), noma ungasebenzisa utshani bepulasitiki noma okufanayo ...

Ukwenza umhlangano, kungadingeka futhi ukuthi usebenzise amanye amathuluzi (impintshisi ukugoba ucingo bese ulisika, isibhamu esincibilikisayo uma ufuna ukubamba konke kangcono, ...), yize kungenziwa ngesandla. Mayelana ne i-montage uqobo, izinyathelo kungaba:

1. Lapho usunazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, isinyathelo sokuqala ukusika ekubumbeni ithusi lensimbi noma ikhebula. Intambo kufanele ingabi nalutho, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokufakwa njengakwezintambo. Uma kunjalo, kufanele uyihlube. Kufanele ukhiqize uhlobo lwekhoyili kolunye lwemikhawulo yalo (i-serpentine), ezosebenza njengebhola lensimbi. Ngale ndlela izoba nendawo ethe xaxa yokubamba izinkokhiso (ama-electron) eza kuzo.
2. Manje ngocingo uqobo, hlaba ngokucophelela isivalo sikakhokho yesikebhe. Uma uthola ukuthi awukwazi ukuphatha ucingo, kwenze ngosungulo noma kancane ukuze ucingo lukwazi ukudlula kulo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuxega. Kumele iqine ukuze ucingo lubhajwe.
3. Esinye isiphetho (leso esingena ngaphakathi kwesikebhe), uma usuwele naso, sizogobela L ukuma futhi kufanele imiswe kancane noma kancane phakathi kwengilazi yeglasi. Yenza izibalo zobude bese usika ukuze uvumelane kahle. Uma ubona ukuthi ngasizathu simbe okuthile kukhona okuxekethile, ungakusinamathisela esivalweni usebenzisa isibhamu esishisayo seglue, kodwa qaphela ukuthi i-serpentine ayipheli, noma i-L, ingathola i-glue kuzo, ngoba iyavikela futhi wena kungonakalisa ukuhlolwa.
4. Bese usika ishidi le- igwebu 1 noma 2 cm ububanzi no-10 cm ubude. Ungangeza noma wehlise lobu bukhulu ngokuya ngosayizi wesikebhe osithengile. Khumbula ukuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi akufanele bathinte phansi noma izindonga zesikebhe ...
5. Manje, phinda ucwecwe ngqo, bese usebenzisa lokhu Songa ukusekela indawo emaphakathi lapho ugobele khona endaweni enezingqimba yenduku yethusi (ku-L). Kwenze ngendlela yokuthi amashidi alenga futhi akhululekile ukuhambisa, futhi nge-engela engu-45º. Lokho wukuthi, bakhululekile kuzo zombili izindlela (bona ukukhokhiswa kophawu oluhlukile), bese besuka (thola ukukhokhiswa kwesibonakaliso esifanayo).
6. Ekugcineni, faka ngokucophelela induku nge-foil ekanini futhi cindezela ikepisi ukuze ivalwe kahle.

Manje usuqedile, umphumela kufanele ube into efana nesithombe esingenhla. Kufanele nje uzame ...

Thenga i-electroscope?

Enye indlela kungaba thenga i-electroscope eyenziwe ngomumo. Zithengiselwa imfundo, kanti ezinye azibizi kakhulu. Noma, into emnandi ngempela ukuyakha ...

Kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, nayi eminye:

• Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
• Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
• I-Ajax Scientific, i-phitball electroscope.
• 3B Isayensi ye-Electroscope Yesayensi.
• ISayensi2Education i-electroscope yemfundo.

Hlola i-electroscope

Manje, ukukuhlola, ungenza izinto eziningana. Okulula kakhulu ukusondeza ithiphu yokubamba eduze kwento owaziyo ukuthi inamandla kagesi, noma ugesi omile. Umphumela uzoba yi- ukunyakaza emaphethelweni ama-blade, kokubili okukhangayo nokwenyanyayo kuye ngamacala ...

Ukukwenza ukuhlolwa:

• Letha ikhebuli lokulinganisa elingaphandle kwesikebhe kokuthile okwaziyo ukuthi empeleni akunamthwalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi ugcina isikebhe siqondile futhi sizinzile. Uzobona ukuthi amashidi awahambi.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma usebenzisa ibhaluni elikhokhisiwe (uligcoba ezinweleni zakho), uzobona ukuthi lapho ulisondeza, ama-electron we-static charge adluliswa ngocingo lwethusi bese efinyelela emashidini e-aluminium, okwenza zombili babekwe icala elibi futhi bayadudulana (bazovula).