Un i-photodiode Kuyinto a ingxenye kagesi Ikhiqiza i-photocurrent lapho ivezwe ekukhanyeni. Ama-Photodiode asetshenziswa kumaseli elanga e-photovoltaic nasezintweni zokuthwebula ezinomugqa, izinzwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola amasignali okukhanya, njengamasignali okubona noma amaza omsakazo. Ama-Photodiode nawo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingezona zikagesi, njenge-photolithography, esebenzisa izibuko ezincane ukudweba amaphethini kuma-wafers.
Ku amaseli elanga e-photovoltaic, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-photodiode lwenziwe nge-silicon. Kukhona nama-photodiode enziwe ngezinye izinto, njenge-gallium arsenide (GaAs), i-indium phosphide (InP), ne-gallium nitride (GaN). Lezi zinto ezihlukene zinezakhiwo ezahlukene ezizenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ama-photodiode ngokuvamile enziwa ngokufaka i-doping impahla ye-semiconductor enezinkampani ezithwala ngokweqile. Ama-electron amaningi noma izimbobo zivela kuma-doping agents angezwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilula ngaphakathi, ngokuhlangana kwe-pn lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lukhokhiswe kahle kanti olunye lubi. Uma ukukhanya kushaya i-diode, kubangela ukuthi ama-electron ageleze aye ohlangothini oluhle futhi izimbobo zigelezele kwenegethivu. Lokhu kushaja i-diode, kudala i-photocurrent egeleza iphuma ku-diode iye kuyisekethe.
Isebenza kanjani?
I-photodiode iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi eguqula ukukhanya kube amasignali kagesi. Isetshenziswa kumakhamera edijithali nakwamanye amadivaysi afana nama-microscopes kanye nezibonakude.
Ngisho, isebenza ngokuguqula ama-photon abe ama-electron ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-photoelectric effect. I-photon ngayinye yokukhanya inamandla, okwenza ama-electron akhishwe ku-photodiode. Lawa ma-electron aqoqwa ku-capacitor, okwenza isignali kagesi ngokulingana namafotoni okukhanya atholwe yi-photodiode. Ama-Photodiode ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-semiconductor njenge-silicon, i-gallium arsenide, noma izinto ze-III-V. Ama-Photodiode angenziwa futhi ngezinye izinto ezifana ne-germanium noma i-indium phosphide, kodwa lezi zinto azivamile kune-silicon ne-gallium arsenide.
Ama-Photodiode angasetshenziswa ukuthola ukukhanya ngamaza amaza asukela ku- ukukhanya okubonakalayo (400-700 nm) ukuya ku-infrared (1-3 μm). Nokho, ngenxa yemikhawulo yamabhendi okumunca i-silicon, ukutholwa kwe-infrared yamagagasi amade (>4 μm) kunzima kuma-photodiode. Ukwengeza, ama-laser amandla aphezulu angalimaza izinzwa ze-silicon ngenxa yokushisa okusheshayo okubangelwa ukukhanya kwe-laser.
Izicelo ze-Photodiode
I-photodiode ihlukile ku-a ukumelana ne-LDR, okungukuthi, ama-photoresistors noma ama-resistors azwela ukukhanya. Endabeni ye-photodiode, ishesha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphendula, esivula izindlela ezintsha zokuyisebenzisa:
- Ukuze uthole izimpendulo ezisheshayo ezinguqukweni zobumnyama noma ukukhanya.
- Izidlali ze-CD zokufunda nge-laser.
- ama-optical chips.
- Okokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic.
- Njll
Njengoba ubona, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photodiode zibanzi, futhi zisebenza kangcono kune-resistor ye-LDR ngempendulo yayo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi lapho i-LDR ingeke isebenze futhi i-photodiode iyasebenza.
Hlanganisa ne-Arduino
ukuhlanganisa i-photodiode enebhodi le-Arduino, kuyindaba nje yokuxhuma ingxenye ngendlela efanele bese ubhala ikhodi. Lapha ngizokukhombisa isibonelo, nakuba ungasishintsha futhi udale amaphrojekthi owadingayo. Ngokuqondene nokuxhumeka, kulula kakhulu, kulokhu sizosebenzisa okokufaka kwe-A1, okungukuthi, i-analog, kodwa ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi enye i-analog uma uthanda. Futhi enye iphinikhodi ye-photodiode izoxhunywa ku-GND.
Ngokuqondene nekhodi, ilandelayo, amazwibela alula ayo ukukala amandla okukhanya nge-photodiode:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print();
}
void loop ()
{
int lightsensor = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = lightsensor * (5.0 / 1023.0);
Serial.print(voltage);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
}