Un i-seismograph noma i-seismometer yidivayisi evumela ukukala ukunyakaza kobuso bomhlaba, okungukuthi, ukuzamazama komhlaba noma ukundindizela kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngokuvamile, zisetshenziselwa ukukala lezo ezikhiqizwa ukuhamba kwamacwecwe e-tectonic noma e-lithospheric, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukwenza izifundo nokubikezela ukuzamazama komhlaba okungenzeka. Lo mklamo wenziwa nguScotsman uJames David Forbes ngo-1842.
Ithuluzi laleso sikhathi lalingelakudala, futhi laline-pendulum okwathi, ngenxa yobuningi bayo, yahlala inganyakazi ngenxa ye-inertia. Ngenkathi zonke ezinye izingxenye zomshini zihamba zimzungezile. I-pendulum yayine-awl ekugcineni kwayo futhi yavumela ukubhala ku-roller of iphepha elihambisana nesikhathi. Ngale ndlela, lapho umhlaba udlidliza, wawumelwe ephepheni elishiwo ngesimo samajika.
Kancane kancane izinsimbi zokulinganisa zavela zajwayela izikali ezintsha ukukala ukuzamazama kuphela abantu abakuzwayo. Kusukela lapho, intuthuko ibilokhu iqhubeka kuze kube yilapho okusha kunokunemba okuningi futhi kuzwela kakhulu i- imisebenzi ehlukene yokwakheka komhlaba nezinye izisebenzi ezivame ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesilinganiso. Ngokufika kwe-elekthronikhi, la madivayisi enziwe abe ngesimanje futhi aba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu aze afinyelele kuma-seismographs amanje.
Njengamanje, ama-seismographs angathola imininingwane ngokundindizela okuvela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eMhlabeni. Labo abaseduze kwalezi zindawo bangathatha ukufundwa kokuzamazama komhlaba ukurekhoda izingcingo Amagagasi S namagagasi P. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akude kakhulu angakwazi ukurekhoda amaza e-P kuphela. Futhi uma kwenzeka ungazi, izinzwa ezibekwe phansi ukubamba lokhu kudlidlizela komhlaba zibizwa ngama-geophones, yize olwandle i-hydrophone ehambisanayo nayo isetshenziselwa ukukala amagagasi acoustic adluliselwa ngamanzi lapho kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-seismograph
Uma unothando ngalolu hlobo lwedivayisi, nomenzi, ungakwenza i-seismograph yakho ye-DIY engaphansi nje kwe- € 100...
El ukusebenza kwale phrojekthi Ilula, njengoba kungabonakala kumdwebo osesithombeni esingenhla. I-seismograph yasekhaya izobona ukuhamba komhlaba ngenxa kamazibuthe olenga entwasahlobo ukuze ikwazi ukugxumagxuma ikhuphuke futhi yehle ngokukhululeka.
Ikhoyili emile yocingo ibekwe izungeze uzibuthe endaweni yokubhekisela. Ngenxa yakho, noma yikuphi ukunyakaza noma ngabe kukancane kangakanani uzibuthe kuzotholakala, ngoba izokhiqiza imisinga kwikhebula elingalinganiswa ngokunemba. Enye ingxenye yedivayisi i-electronics edingekayo ukuguqula leyo elekthronikhi ibe idatha engarekhodwa futhi ibukwe kusikrini sethu se-PC.
Izinto Ezidingakalayo
Ukuze wakhe uhlelo olunjalo, uzodinga ezimbalwa izakhi eziyisisekelo nokuthi sonke sinakho kutholakale kalula. Uhlu oluphelele luthi:
- Un entwasahlobo yensimbi. Kungaba yinto ejwayelekile yethoyizi elidumile likaSlinky, Jr., labo ozibona kwamanye ama-movie adiliza izitebhisi bese wehla wedwa ...
- Uzibuthe weringith yenze ibe namandla (RC44), ngokwesibonelo eyenziwe nge-neodymium.
- Isikhulisi Isiginali yesiginali ye-OpAmp LT1677CN8, kanye ikhoyili yocingo lwethusi I-Magnetic (42 gauge varnish insulated) ukuguqula isignali ebuthakathaka ibe yisiginali enamandla. (MW42-4)
- Amapayipi e-PVC ukushaya ikhebula.
- Idivayisi ekwazi ukuguqula isiginali ye-analogi ibe yidijithali. Kulokhu kuyasetshenziswa I-Arduino.
- Idivayisi yokuqopha nokuqopha. Kulokhu, isoftware isebenza ku i-pc yethu ukumela lokho okucoshwa ngu-Arduino ...
- Isakhiwo yenziwe ngokhuni, insimbi noma upulasitiki wokubamba intwasahlobo.
- Ibhodi lesinkwa noma ipuleti ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe yoku-soldering
- Abaphikisi 10K kanye no-866K
- Ama-Capacitors 0.01uF, 0.1uF, 1uF, 330pF
- Izintambo zokuxhuma
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo
I-Paso 1
Okokuqala kufanele ushayele ucingo oluthile lwethusi nge-insulation to dala ikhoyili. Kule phrojekthi basebenzisa amapayipi e-PVC ongawathola kunoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwamapayipi. Ishubhu lisikiwe futhi uzoshiya cishe i-intshi eyodwa (1 cm) lapho lisongwe khona ngamachopho entambo angama-2.54. Khumbula ukuthi kufanele kufakwe amanye ama-varnish, asevele athengiswa kanjalo kwezinye izikhungo.
Ungakha futhi ucezu nge Iphrinta ye-3D uma uthanda, noma sebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezenziwe kabusha ukufaka esikhundleni sepayipi le-PVC ... Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ama-spool ngokwawo lapho intambo yenxeba ifika khona uma unezimbalwa zazo. Futhi ukugoqa ucingo, ungasebenzisa usizo lomshini wokuthunga noma we-drill njengoba kubonakala kuvidiyo.
Khumbula kufanele izintambo ezi-solder ezijwayelekile kuzo zombili iziphetho zocingo lwekhoyili. Ngabo uzokwazi ukwenza ukuxhumana kube ngcono, ngoba ucingo lwethusi lwekhoyili lincane kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nalo bese ulixhuma ebhodini le-Arduino.
I-Paso 2
Isinyathelo esilandelayo hang futhi ulinganise intwasahlobo uzibuthe. Ukuze wenze lokhu kufanele ubeke odonsa onamathele ocingweni noma entwasahlobo. Kufanele zimiswe ngaphakathi kwepayipi ngokufaka okushintshile esinyathelweni esedlule. Kufanele ulinganise kahle ibanga olilengise kulona ngokhuni, ngensimbi noma nganoma yini oyisebenzisayo ..., ukuze kuthi lapho kunokuzamazama komhlaba, intwasahlobo ihambise uzibuthe maphakathi nekhoyili ukuze ikwazi ukudonsa okwamanje kuwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa kufanele kwenze i- ukudlidliza kungu-1Hz, okungukuthi, yehla yenyuka kanye ngomzuzwana. Phezulu nangaphansi umjikelezo ophelele okumele wenziwe ngomzuzwana owodwa.
I-Paso 3
para khulisa amandla akhona kwikhoyiliNjengoba ukuhambisa uzibuthe kumongo wekhoyili kudala imisinga emincane kakhulu, kudingeka i-amplifier yesiginali. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezikhuthazi ezinhle zesiginali, ongazisebenzisa. Ukuxhumeka kulula, ungakwenza kubhodi yesinkwa noma kupuleti elibunjiwe ngokubeka phansi, uma uzokushiya unomphela. Kumele umane uxhume amasekethe njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni ...
I-Paso 4
Manje ake ibhodi le-arduino UNO, ezoba nesibopho sokuguqula isinali elikhuliswe yisifunda lisuka esinyathelweni sangaphambilini futhi siliguqule libe idatha yedijithali. I-seismograph isuselwe kokunye Iphrojekthi ye-TC1 lapho ungathola khona imininingwane eminingi mayelana nokumiswa kwe-Arduino.
I-Paso 5
Uma uxhuma i-Arduino kwi-PC, nge-USB, idatha izobanjwa, futhi ngesoftware idatha izokwazi ukulayishwa nge serial port qapha onayo ku-Arduino IDE. Konke kufanele kubonise idatha efanele, uma kungenjalo, hlola ukuthi ixhunywe kahle yini kuchweba elifanele le-COM.
Ungasebenzisa jAma SixKungumsebenzi othokozisayo futhi ukwazi ukubona nokwabelana ngemininingwane nabanye abafundi nososayensi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ungenza futhi ama-tweaks nokuthuthuka ku- ukunciphisa umsindo nokukuvimbela ekunikezeni imininingwane engamanga. Uhlelo lubucayi, ngakho-ke lungaqopha ukuzamazama okungekhona ukuzamazama komhlaba kwangempela. Kungase futhi kuthathe ukudlidliza kusuka kwezinye izinto eziseduze noma izimoto. Manje yenza iPurge and Error! Kuze kube ngilungisa kahle ...
Umthombo:
Okufundiswayo - I-DIY Seismometer