La imboni yezokukhiqiza ikhula ngokushesha kunanoma yimuphi omunye umkhakha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yasefekthri ingeminye yemisebenzi embalwa esele engathathelwa indawo amarobhothi noma amakhompyutha. Ukukhiqiza nakho kungenye yezinkambu ezimbalwa ezisele ezinenani elibalulekile lemisebenzi yamakhola eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engadingi ulwazi oluningi lobuchwepheshe.
Ngenxa yalokho, siyabona ukuthi abantu abaningi okwathi eminyakeni engu-20 edlule babedudulelwe komunye umkhakha manje sebekhetha imboni yokukhiqiza. Nakho konke lokhu kukhula, Kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuthi ikusasa lisiphatheleni kule mboni. Yiziphi izinkinga abakhiqizi okufanele bazinake? Yiziphi izinguquko okufanele zenzeke ukuze abakhiqizi bahlale bencintisana futhi bebalulekile? Lesi sihloko sizophendula le mibuzo neminye ukuze ulungele lokho okulandelayo emhlabeni wokukhiqiza.
umlando wemboni
La umlando wemboni mude njengalowo wempucuko yabantu. Eqinisweni, kungase kuthiwe impucuko ngokwayo iwumphumela wokwanda kwesidingo sezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho abantu bezinzile futhi beqala ukulima, babedinga izindlela ezintsha zokwakha, ukutshala nokugcina ukudla kwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasungulwa izinto ezifana negeja, uhlaka lokweluka indwangu nesondo. Zonke ziyizibonelo zezinhlobo zokuqala zemboni. Kusukela lapho abantu bahlela futhi bazenzela ukukhiqiza ukuze benze izimpahla, basungula amathuluzi amasha nemishini yokukwenza. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izigaba ezihlukene zomkhakha kuwo wonke umlando, kusukela emishinini namandla esitimu kuya kumakhompyutha kanye ne-automation.
Imboni 1.0: Imishini namandla esitimu
La imboni 1.0 Yagqugquzelwa ukusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu. Injini yesitimu yiyona eyaqala yavumela imishini ukuthi ikhiqize amandla anele ukuze ibe yindlela esebenzayo yokukhiqiza ezimbonini. Kuphinde futhi lapho kwaqala khona inkathi yokusetshenziswa kwemishini, okuyisiphetho esinengqondo sanoma iyiphi inguquko yezimboni. Uma ungakwazi ukunika amandla imishini ngesitimu, iba mikhudlwana futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Futhi akhethekile kakhulu, njengoba kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukwenza ucezu ngalunye mathupha. Ukusungulwa kwe-automated loom kuyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Ekuqaleni, uhlaka lwendwangu lwalusebenza ngezandla zomeluki oyedwa. Kamuva, kwasetshenziswa injini yesitimu ukuze isebenzise indwangu ukuze kukhiqizwe indwangu eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lesi isibonelo sokusebenza kwemishini.
Imboni 2.0: ugesi, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nomugqa wokuhlanganisa
La imboni 2.0 Yasilethela igridi kagesi, eyavumela amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenze ngamandla anjalo futhi ehlise nezindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi. Lokhu kwenze izinkampani zakwazi ukwenza izimboni zazo amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ugesi uphinde wanikeza amandla imishini emisha namadivayisi afana nezinjini, izibani, namafeni. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi yikho okubeke ngempela i-Industry 2.0 ebalazweni. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuwumugqa wokuhlanganisa owenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Yasungulwa uHenry Ford, umsunguli womkhiqizi omkhulu wezimoto. AbakwaFord babone ukuthi isikhathi nemali kungasindiswa ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza izimoto. Esikhundleni sokwakha imoto ngayinye ngesandla, wayala izisebenzi ukuba zakhe ucezu olulodwa lwemoto ngesikhathi, bese uluyisa esiteshini esihlukile ukuze isisebenzi esilandelayo sinamathele kuyo yonke enye imoto. Lolu hlelo lwaluvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bangachithi isikhathi beshintsha izingxenye. Iphinde yavumela abakwaFord ukuthi bakhe izimoto ngokushesha, ezishibhile futhi zingabibikho kangako.
Imboni 3.0: ikhompyutha kanye ne-automation
Njengoba amakhompyutha evela, bathola ukusetshenziswa okuningi ku imboni 3.0. Kwasetshenziswa amakhompyutha ukwenza amathuluzi amasha, imishini nezinto. Zabuye zasetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuphatha izinqubo ezahlukene. Amarobhothi ezimboni abekhona kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950s. Njengoba amakhompyutha aye ethuthuke kakhulu futhi ethembekile, asetshenziswa ukulawula amarobhothi amaningi ezimbonini zezimoto nezindwangu. Uma amakhompyutha namarobhothi kusetshenziswa ndawonye, kubizwa ngokuthi i-automation. I-Automation iyinqubo yokusebenzisa amakhompyutha namarobhothi ukuqhuba imigqa yokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lezisebenzi ezingabantu ezidingekayo ukuqhuba imboni noma inqubo. I-automation inembangela yokulahleka kwemisebenzi eminingi ekukhiqizeni. Ukwanda kwemishini eshintshashintshayo kubangele ukuthi izisebenzi eziningi zilahlekelwe yimisebenzi kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwendwangu nezimoto, lapho amarobhothi ekwazi kalula ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi abasebenzi abavame ukuyenza.
Yini i-Industry 4.0?
La Imboni 4.0, eyaziwa nangokuthi inguquko yesine yezimboni, umqondo ochaza ukuvela kokukhiqiza emhlabeni okhulayo wedijithali. Nakuba umqondo ungase ube musha, ubuchwepheshe obakha uhlangothi lwe-"hardware" sebunesikhathi eside ikhona. Leli gama laqanjwa ngo-2011 onjiniyela baseJalimane nososayensi bekhompyutha ababefuna ukuchaza ukuvela okulandelayo kokukhiqiza. Uma sibheka ohlangothini "lwesofthiwe", akucaci kahle ukuthi uguquko lwenzeka nini. Yize lobu buchwepheshe bunesikhathi eside bunathi, abuqalanga ukuba nomthelela kwaze kwaba muva nje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lobu buchwepheshe bekufanele bamukelwe iningi labakhiqizi ngaphambi kokuba bubaluleke ngokwanele ukuthi bubizwe ngoguquko. Umgomo walo mqondo uwukusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali futhi uqede izithiyo zakhona.
amarobhothi ekukhiqizeni
Obunye bobuchwepheshe obubonakala kakhulu obuzovela eminyakeni yamuva nje amarobhothi. Amarobhothi asesetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ekukhiqizeni, kodwa intuthuko yesimanje iwenze asebenza kahle kakhulu kunangaphambili. Nakuba amarobhothi okuqala ezimboni ethulwa ngo-1961, ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili kancane. Kwaze kwaba ngawo-1990 lapho ubuchwepheshe be-robotics buqala ukuba nomthelela omkhulu. I-Smart robotics isineminyaka eyishumi ikhona, nakuba umqondo usetshenziswe kuphela ekukhiqizeni eminyakeni yamuva nje. Lawa marobhothi "ahlakaniphile" ngoba angahlelwa ukuthi afunde idatha evela kuzinzwa nezikena, futhi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kule datha. Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi bukhule ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi le ntuthuko kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke.
ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ekukhiqizeni
Nakuba amarobhothi elungile ekwenzeni imisebenzi ephindaphindayo nemisebenzi abantu abangakwazi ukuyenza, akusizi uma kuziwa ekwenzeni izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kulapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungena khona. Isoftware ye-AI inhle ngempela ekubhekaneni nedatha eyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyisebenzise ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Yize i-AI ibiyingxenye yokukhiqiza amashumi eminyaka, ukwamukelwa kwayo bekuhamba kancane. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokuqala olusekelwe ku-AI lokukhiqiza lwaqalwa ngo-1964, kodwa aluzange lusetshenziswe abakhiqizi abaningi kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-1990. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-AI kulindeleke ukuba zivame nakakhulu eminyakeni ezayo, ngamanani okutholwa okulindelekile. ukunyuka kusuka ku-60% ngo-2017 kuya ku-85% ngo-2022. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-AI iyasuka ekubeni isetshenziselwe ukwenza izinqumo iya ekusizeni abasebenzi ukuthi benze imisebenzi yabo.
Okungokoqobo ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ekukhiqizeni
Okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ngobunye ubuchwepheshe obunesikhathi eside bukhona, kodwa busanda kuqala ukwenza umthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-augmented reality ukuthi ingasiza abantu basebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Abantu bahle kakhulu ekubekeni phambili imisebenzi nasekusebenzeleni ukufinyelela imigomo, kodwa abalungile ekucubunguleni idatha. Yingakho izisebenzi eziningi zisebenzisa amathuluzi afana namaspredishithi nezizindalwazi. Kodwa-ke, lawa mathuluzi angaba namandla ngenani elikhulu ledatha. Kungase futhi kube nzima ukuzibuyekeza uma idatha yengezwa noma isuswa. Izixazululo zangempela ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona zisiza ukudambisa lesi simo, njengoba zivumela abasebenzi ukuthi bafinyelele ekubukeni okuyinkimbinkimbi ngamakhompyutha abo, amaphilisi noma ama-smartphone. Ibavumela ukuthi babuke ukubonakala kwedatha eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela eyenza kube lula ukuyiqonda nokusebenzisa.
IoT ekukhiqizeni
I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) inethiwekhi yamadivayisi angathumela futhi amukele idatha nge-inthanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idivayisi ingathumela idatha kukhompyutha yakho, noma ikhompuyutha yakho ingathumela idatha kudivayisi. Isibonelo salokhu umshini wekhofi okuvumela ukuthi uguqule isikhathi nedethi lapho i-alamu ikhala. Le datha ingaba yinoma yini kusukela ekushiseni kwamanje kwedivayisi kuya enanini lemisebenzi ye-PayPal eyenziwe namuhla. Lolu lwazi lungaba usizo ekuhlonzeni izinkinga ngedivayisi, njengengxenye ephukile emshinini wekhofi. Kungase futhi kube usizo ukuqonda ukuthi idivayisi isetshenziswa kanjani. Isibonelo sedivayisi ye-IoT embonini yokukhiqiza amamitha kagesi. Lezi zisetshenziswa zingasetshenziswa ukukala inani likagesi umshini noma ucezu lwesisetshenziswa esisetshenziswayo.
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D ekukhiqizeni
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuyinqubo lapho umshini udala into enezinhlangothi ezintathu usebenzisa izinto ezibekwe phezu kwenye. Le nqubo isineminyaka engamashumi eminyaka ikhona, kodwa iye yavela kancane eminyakeni yamuva. Enye yentuthuko enkulu ukuthi amaphrinta e-3D angakha izinto ngensimbi, into eyayinzima ekuqaleni. Lobu buchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi bukhule futhi busetshenziswe kabanzi eminyakeni ezayo. Umphakathi jikelele uzoqala ukubona imikhiqizo eminingi ephrintiwe ye-3D njengoba ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleka kalula.
Ukuhlaziya ngeDatha Enkulu
Okokugcina, sinezibalo ezinkulu zedatha, okulindeleke ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu embonini yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zixazululo zikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye inani elikhulu ledatha futhi uhlonze izitayela namaphethini ngaphakathi kwaleyo datha. Le datha ingaba ulwazi mayelana namakhasimende akho, njengesikhathi sosuku okungenzeka ukuthi athenge ngaso umkhiqizo. Kungase futhi kube idatha ehlobene nemikhiqizo yakho kanye nomugqa wakho wokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase ube nomshini okhiqiza imikhiqizo eyi-100 ngosuku, kodwa uthengise eyishumi kuphela. Ngezibalo ezinkulu zedatha, ungakwazi ukubona lokho kushayisana futhi uthole ukuthi ungakulungisa kanjani.