Ultimate Guide: Ungakhetha Kanjani Iphrinta Ye-3D

Uma unokungabaza lapho uthenga, akukho lutho olungcono kunokwazi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwephrinta olungcono kakhulu esimweni ngasinye. Futhi yilokho kanye esikubonisa khona kulo mhlahlandlela: indlela yokukhetha iphrinta ye-3d. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzokwazi futhi ukufunda ezinye zezinyathelo zokuqala ngemuva kokuthenga ikhompuyutha ngaphambi kokuvela kokuqala.

Yini okufanele uyicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha imodeli

Ngaphambi kokukhathazeka ngohlobo nemodeli yephrinta ye-3D ozoyithenga, Into yokuqala ukuthi uzibuze uchungechunge lwemibuzo ukuqondisisa hlobo luni lwephrinta ye-3d oludingayo. Nokho, leyo mibuzo ebalulekile yilena:

• Ngingatshala malini? Uma uzothenga iphrinta ye-3D, eyosetshenziswa ekhaya noma emsebenzini, ngomunye wemibuzo eyinhloko. Kukhona uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwamanani, futhi ukwazi ukuthi ingakanani imali etholakalayo yokuthenga kunganciphisa inani lezinhlobo namamodeli onawo ezandleni zakho. Uhlobo lwesihlungi ukuze ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi ngezinto ongeke ukwazi ukuzikhokhela, futhi kuzokuyisa kulo amaphrinta ashibhile angama-3d, noma amaphrinta ajwayelekile we-3d ekhaya, futhi ngisho noku izimboni 3D amaphrinta.
• Ngiyidinga ngani? Njengoba nje ebaluleke njengoba eyokuqala nalolu olunye udaba. Kuya ngokuthi uzoyisebenzisela ini iphrinta ye-3D, uzodinga uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye, lapho ungakhokha khona. Okusho ukuthi, esinye isihlungi sokunciphisa izinketho. Kusukela empendulweni yalo mbuzo, kuyalandela ukuthi kuzoba iphrinta ye-3D ezosetshenziswa ngasese noma ngochwepheshe, izici okufanele ibe nazo, usayizi wamamodeli engakwazi ukuwaphrinta, njll. Ngokwesibonelo:
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya: Cishe noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuthengekayo nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla lungasetshenziswa. Njenge-FDM nezinto ezifana ne-PLA, ABS, ne-PET-G. Khumbula ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthi zihlangane nokudla noma iziphuzo, kumele kube yizinto eziphephile.
  • Izinto zangaphandle: Kungase futhi kube i-FDM, njengoba ubuchwepheshe abunandaba kakhulu kulokhu, okubaluleke kakhulu lapha ukukhetha into ephikisana nezimo zezulu zangaphandle, njenge-ABS.
  • Umsebenzi wobuciko: ngemisebenzi yobuciko, okungcono kakhulu iphrinta ye-resin yokuqeda ikhwalithi, enemininingwane emihle kakhulu. Impahla ingaba yinoma yini oyidingayo.
  • Okunye ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe: Kungaba okuguquguqukayo kakhulu, kusuka kumaphrinta we-resin 3D, kuya kweyensimbi, ama-bioprinters, njll. Kunjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinga elikhulu, iphrinta yezimboni ye-3D iyadingeka.
• Yiziphi izinto engizidingayo? Isibonelo, uma kusetshenziselwa ikhaya, ungase ufune ukuthi idale izinto zokuhlobisa noma izibalo, ukuze noma iyiphi ipulasitiki ingasebenza. Nokho, uma uzozisebenzisa ekwenzeni amapuleti, izinkomishi, nezinye izitsha zokudla, uzodinga amapulasitiki aphephile ekudleni. Noma mhlawumbe uyidinga ukuze ibhizinisi liphrinte inayiloni, uqalo, noma mhlawumbe insimbi, noma impahla yangasese… Impela, enye into okufanele icatshangelwe ukutholakala kwezinto ezishiwo kanye nezindleko kubahlinzeki.
  • Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta? Ngibeka leli phuzu njengengxenye yangaphambili njengoba uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta luzonquma izinto iphrinta yakho ye-3D engasebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi impahla edingekayo, ungakhetha phakathi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene buqhathanisa okuhle nokubi ngakunye. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukunemba okukhulu nokuqedwa okungcono, njll.
  • Okokuqala: Kubantu abaqalayo emhlabeni wokuphrinta kwe-3D, izinto ezingcono kakhulu ongaqala ngazo yi-PLA ne-PET-G. Zivame kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzithola, futhi azintekenteke njengezinye ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.
  • Ibanga eliphakathi: kubasebenzisi asebeqalile futhi abafuna okuthile okungcono, bangakhetha i-PP, ABS, PA, ne-TPU.
  • Okwabasebenzisi abathuthukile: ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe ungakhetha i-PPGF30 noma i-PAHT CF15, insimbi, nezinye eziningi.
  • I-OFP (Open Filament Programme): Kubalulekile ukukhetha umenzi onomgomo we-OFP. Izinzuzo zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ama-filaments ezinkampani zangaphandle kalula. Lokhu kungasiza ukonga izindleko ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, ukukhetha ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemicu, futhi ngaphandle kokwenza izilungiselelo mathupha zeminye imicu okungeyona eyangempela, kodwa ehambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ukulungiswa akunikezeli isiqiniseko sokuthi imiphumela mihle njengasekuqaleni.
  • Okuningi: Linganisa ukuthi ingabe imodeli ewumphumela idinga ukucutshungulwa ngemva kwalokho futhi uma unamathuluzi afanele wayo.
• Kuluphi uhlelo lokusebenza? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrinta yokusetshenziswa kwangasese noma ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza esetshenziswa ku-PC ezosetshenziswa. Iphrinta oyithengayo kufanele ihambisane ne-OS yakho (macOS, Windows, GNU/Linux).
• Ukuhambisana kwe-STL? Amaphrinta amaningi ayamukela kanambambili STL/ASCII STL amafayela ngokuqondile, kodwa hhayi bonke. Ezanamuhla ziyekile ukukwamukela, njengoba kuyifomethi ephelelwe yisikhathi, nakuba kusenesofthiwe esaqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzodinga yini ukuphrinta ukusuka kule fomethi ye-.stl noma kwenye.
• Ingabe ngizodinga Isevisi Yekhasimende/Ukwesekwa Kobuchwepheshe? Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha njalo uhlobo olunesevisi enhle ngemva kokuthengisa noma Ukusekela Okuhle Kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze uxazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga okungenzeka ube nazo ngephrinta yakho ye-3D. Lokhu kuba okubaluleke nakakhulu uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kochwepheshe, njengoba inkinga yezobuchwepheshe engaxazululiwe isho ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo enkampanini. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi banokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ezweni lakini nokuthi banikeza isevisi ngolimi lwakho.
• Isondlo uma okokusebenza kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nezikhathi ezithile, inani lesondlo esishiwo, izinsiza ezidingekayo (amathuluzi, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abadingekayo, isikhathi,...), njll. Lokhu mhlawumbe akubalulekile kangako kuphrinta ye-3D kubantu ngabanye, kodwa okomsebenzi womsebenzi noma wezimboni.
• Ngidinga okungeziwe? Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngenxa yezidingo zakho ezithile, uzodinga futhi iphrinta enokwengeziwe okwengeziwe, njengesikrini sokuthinta (izilimi eziningi) lapho ungabona futhi uphathe amapharamitha wenqubo yokuphrinta, ukuxhumana kwe-WiFi/Ethernet ikwazi ukuyiphatha ukude, isekela i-multifilament (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukuphrinta ngemibala eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba kukhona futhi imiqulu ye-multicolor filament njengenye indlela), i-slot yamakhadi e-SD noma izimbobo ze-USB zokuphrinta ngaphandle kokuxhuma kwi-PC. , njll.
• Ingabe nginendawo efanele? Ngezizathu zokuphepha, kubalulekile ukunaka indawo lapho kuzofakwa khona iphrinta ye-3D. Isibonelo, ukuthi azikho izinto ezivutha umlilo esimweni sokusebenzisa amaphrinta e-3D lapho kukhiqizwa khona ukushisa, noma ukuba sendaweni engenawo umoya esimweni se-resin noma eminye imikhiqizo engakhiqiza isisi esinobuthi, njll.
  • Ivuliwe noma ivaliwe? Amanye amaphrinta ashibhile anegumbi lokuphrinta elivulekile, elikuvumela ukuthi ubone inqubo ngokuqondile. Kunalokho, zingaba umqondo omubi ngezindlu lapho kunezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo ezingacekela phansi imodeli, zithinte inhlaka enobuthi, noma zishiswe phakathi nenqubo. Kulezi zimo, ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini, into engcono kakhulu inekhabethe elivaliwe.

Nale Kufanele ube nombono ocacile walokho okudingayo ngempela, futhi manje ungaqhubeka nokubona ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani iphrinta ye-3D ehamba phambili ngezidingo zakho.

Ungakhetha kanjani iphrinta ye-filament ye-3D engcono kakhulu nezici zayo zobuchwepheshe:

Uma usuwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwephrinta oludingayo, kanye nebanga lentengo ongakwazi ukulungisa, into elandelayo ukuqhathanisa amamodeli awela ngaphakathi kwalolo bubanzi futhi yazi indlela yokukhetha iphrinta ye-3D ehamba phambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka uhlolisise izici zobuchwepheshe zomunye nomunye:

Isinqumo

Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, kunesibalo esifanayo esiphrintiwe se-3D esinezinqumo ezihlukene, kusukela ekulungisweni okubi kakhulu kwesokunxele kuya kokungcono kakhulu kwesokudla. Kusobala ukuthi kungcono Ukulungiswa kwephrinta ye-3D nokunemba, umphumela uzoba muhle kakhulu futhi indawo engaphezulu izoba bushelelezi.

Uma ubona ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bemodeli yephrinta ye-3D, kufanele ukhombise ukuthi iyini ukulungiswa okuphezulu kufinyelelwe (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ubude buka-Z). Isibalo sama-micrometer sincane, siphezulu ukulungiswa. Ngokuvamile, amaphrinta e-3D avame ukusuka kuma-microns angu-10 ukuya kuma-microns angu-300 ngobude besendlalelo. Isibonelo, iphrinta engu-10 I-µm ingenza imininingwane ifinyelele ku-0.01mm, kuyilapho ileveli yemininingwane izoba ngaphansi uma iphrinta ingama-microns angu-300 (0.3mm). 

Ijubane lokuphrinta

Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta kanye nemodeli yephrinta ye-3D, okuningi noma okuncane kungatholakala isivinini sokuphrinta. Uma isivinini siphezulu, imodeli izoqeda ngokushesha ukuphrinta. Njengamanje ungathola amaphrinta asuka ku-40 mm/s aye ku-600 mm/s, ngisho nangaphezulu endabeni yamaphrinta ezimboni, njenge-HP Jet Fusion 5200 engaphrinta u-4115 cm.³/h. Kunconywa ukukhetha isivinini okungenani esingu-100 mm/s njengokungenani, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza amavolumu ngesivinini esingamamilimitha angu-100 njalo ngomzuzwana.

Ngokusobala, lapho isivinini sokuphrinta siphezulu futhi amamodeli engeziwe angacutshungulwa ngasikhathi sinye, kulapho okokusebenza kuzobiza kakhulu. Nokho, uma kusetshenziswa izimboni, kunxephezela lokho kutshalwa kwezimali ukuze ukwazi ngcono ukukhiqiza.

Indawo yokwakha (Ivolumu yokuphrinta)

Esinye isici esibalulekile kungaba ukunquma ukuthi iyini usayizi wemodeli ephrintiwe okudingekayo Ezinye zingamasentimitha ambalwa nje kanti ezinye zibe zikhudlwana kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kulokho, iphrinta enkulu noma encane kufanele ikhethwe lapho kubhekiselwa endaweni yokwakha.

El ivolumu yokuphrinta ivame ukukalwa ngamasentimitha noma amayintshi. Isibonelo, ezinye zokusetshenziswa ekhaya ngokuvamile ziba ngu-25x21x21 cm (9.84×8.3×8.3″). Nokho, kukhona osayizi ngaphansi kwalezo zibalo nangaphezulu. Isibonelo, enye yamaphrinta e-3D amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni ingakha izinto eziphrintiwe ezingu-2.06m³.

Umjovo

Uma ukhuluma ngamaphrinta we-3D we-extrusion noma we-deposition, enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-injector yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ezinye izinzuzo zizoncika kukho, okuhlanganisa nesinqumo. Le ngxenye yakhiwe ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile:

Ithiphu eshisayo

Kuyingxenye ebalulekile, kusukela unesibopho sokuncibilikisa umcu ngokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elifinyelelwe lizoncika ezinhlotsheni zezinto ezamukelwa iphrinta ye-3D namandla ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile zine-sink yokushisa kanye nesistimu yokupholisa umoya esebenzayo ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.

Umbhobho

Le enye ingxenye ixhunywe kwithiphu elishisayo, njengoba ubona esithombeni, kanye nezinye izingxenye eziyisi-5 eziyisipele. Ukuvulwa kwekhanda lokuphrinta le-3D uvelaphi umcu oncibilikisiwe. Kuwucezu olungenziwa ngethusi, insimbi eqinile, njll. Kunamasayizi abehlukene (akalwa ngamamilimitha ububanzi, isb: izinga elingu-0.4mm):

• Ithiphu enembobo enkulu ingafinyelela isivinini sokuphrinta esisheshayo kanye nokunamathela kwesendlalelo esingcono. Nokho, izophinde ibe nokulungiswa okuphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, labo 0.8 mm, 1 mm, njll.
• Amathiphu anezikhala ezincane ayanensa, kodwa avumela imininingwane engcono noma ukulungiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, njll.

Extruder

El i-extruder ingakolunye uhlangothi lwethiphu eshisayo, futhi iyona ephethe ukukhishwa kwento encibilikisiwe, futhi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa “zomphimbo” noma umzila owenziwa into encibilikisiwe. Ungathola izinhlobo ezimbalwa:

• Direct: Kulolu hlelo, intambo iyashiswa kukhoyili futhi ama-roller ayiphushele ngasembhobho, edlula ekamelweni elincibilikayo futhi aphume ngembobo.
• Bowden: kulokhu, ukushisa kwenziwa ekuqaleni, eduze ne-filament roll, futhi into encibilikisiwe idluliswa nge-tube eyisa ku-nozzle.

Umthombo: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Basic-diagram-of-FDM-3D-printer-extruder-a-Direct-extruder-b-Bowden-extruder_fig1_343539037

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela extrusion has ubuhle nobubi bayo:

• Direct:
  • Ventajas:
    • I-extrusion engcono nokuhoxiswa.
    • Izinjini eziningi ezihlangene.
    • Uhlu olubanzi lwemicu.
  • Izinkinga:
    • Isisindo esiningi ekhanda, esingaholela ekunyakazeni okuncane okunembe kanye nezinye izinkinga.
• ngeshubhu:
  • Ventajas:
    • Okulula.
    • Okusheshayo
    • Ithuthukisa ukunemba.
  • Izinkinga:
    • Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zefilament ezihambisana nale ndlela. Isibonelo, ama-abrasives awakwazi ukudlula epayipini.
    • Udinga ibanga elingeziwe lokuhoxa.
    • Injini enkulu.

Umbhede ofudumele

Akuwona wonke amaphrinta e-3D anombhede oshisayo, nakuba angathengwa ngokuhlukana. Lokhu kusekelwa noma isisekelo lapho ucezu lunyatheliswa khona, kodwa lunothile maqondana nezisekelo noma imibhede ebandayo. Futhi yilokho iyashisa ukuze igcine ingxenye ingalahlekelwa izinga lokushisa phakathi nenqubo yokunyathelisa, ukufeza ukunamathela okungcono phakathi kwezingqimba.

Akuzona zonke izinto ezidinga le element, kodwa ezinye ezifana inayiloni, HIPS, ABS, njll., badinga ukuba nombhede oshisayo ukuze izendlalelo zinamathele kahle. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-PET, i-PLA, i-PTU, njll., aziyidingi le nto, futhi sebenzisa isisekelo esibandayo (noma umbhede oshisayo uyazikhethela).

Ngokuqondene nezinto zepuleti, ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ziyi i-aluminium nengilazi. Ngamunye wabo unezinzuzo nezingozi zawo:

• I-crystal: Ngokuvamile zenziwa nge-borosilicate ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Kulula ukuyihlanza futhi imelana kakhulu nokungqubuzana, ngakho-ke uzoba nesisekelo esibushelelezi kakhulu. Nokho, inkinga onayo ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukushisa futhi kungase kudingeke usebenzise okuthile okwengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ukunamathela.
• I-Aluminium: I-conductor enhle kakhulu eshisayo, ngakho izoshisa ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokunamathela okuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaklwejwa futhi isonte ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho kufanele ishintshwe.
• izembozo: Kukhona nezinye izinto ezingase zibekwe phezu kwe-aluminium noma emibhedeni yengilazi. Isibonelo amapuleti e-buildank, i-PEI, njll.
  • buildank: Ine-adhesion enhle, kodwa ingaphezulu layo lilimala kalula uma linganakekelwa.
  • I-PEI: lolu hlobo lwamapuleti wezinto ezibonakalayo lumelana kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi luphinde lube nokunamathela okuhle. I-drawback ukuthi izendlalelo ezimbalwa zokuqala zinganamathela ndawonye ngendlela yokuthi ungase ube nezinkinga kamuva lapho uzama ukuzisusa.

Fan

Njengoba iphrinta ye-filament 3D, nobunye ubuchwepheshe, budinga umthombo wokushisa iyancibilikisa impahla, ezinye izindawo zekhanda zizoshisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesistimu yokupholisa enhle ukuze uzame ukugcina izinga lokushisa lilawulwa. Futhi kulokhu kukhona abalandeli bamaphrinta we-3D.

zikhona osayizi nezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi, ngokuvamile, wonke amaphrinta e-3D anezinhlelo zokupholisa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zemodeli. Kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu (kukalwa ku-extruder head thermal sensor probe), kufanele ucabange ukuthuthukela ohlelweni olungcono. Ukuze ugweme lezi zindleko ezengeziwe, bheka kahle imininingwane ephathelene nale ngxenye yephrinta yakho yesikhathi esizayo.

Ikhamera ehlanganisiwe

Lokhu kungabuye kuqondwe njengokwengeziwe, nakuba kuya ngokuya kuvame ama-streamers noma ama-youtubers lezo zikhathi zokuphrinta ze-3D ukuze zenze okokufundisa, ukukhombisa ukuthi zidale kanjani ucezu, noma lawo ma-timelapses amahle angabonwa ku-inthanethi.

Lawa makhamera angase afakwe kwamanye amamodeli ochungechunge, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuyodingeka afakwe yithenge ngokuzimela. Abanye abasebenzisi baze bafake amaningana ukuze bathole ividiyo ngemibono ehlukene, noma bathwebule izithombe ngama-engeli ahlukahlukene.

Ifakwe noma izofakwa (ikhithi yokukhweza)

Kufanele futhi ugcine engqondweni uma ufuna iphrinta ye-3d eqedwe ngokugcwele, ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kusukela ngesikhathi wenza i-unboxing, noma uma uthanda i-DIY futhi unekusasa lalezi zinto futhi ungathanda ukuzihlanganisa ngokwakho nge-kits eyodwa abayithengisayo.

Lezi esezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zigwema ukuzihlanganisa ngokwakho. I okokufaka amakhithi ashibhe ngandlela-thile, kodwa uzoba nomsebenzi owengeziwe okufanele uwenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi ayikho inketho yekhithi, kodwa bathengisa ngokuqondile umshini ophelele, njengoba kunjalo ngezimboni nezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwangasese.

Ungayikhetha kanjani iphrinta ye-3D ehamba phambili: izimo ezithile

Esigabeni esandulele ngigxile ikakhulukazi kulabo abanemicu. kodwa zikhona izimo ezithile okufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani iphrinta ye-3D ehamba phambili:

Resin 3D Printers

Kunjalo, ezinye zezinto ezishiwo ngephrinta ye-filament 3D nazo ziyasebenza nakulezi ezinye, njengendaba yejubane lokuphrinta, noma ukulungiswa. Kodwa-ke, lawa amanye amaphrinta awanazo izingxenye ezithile, njenge-nozzle, umbhede oshisayo, njll. Ngaleso sizathu, uma ukukhetha kwakho kuyiphrinta ye-resinKufanele ucabangele lawa amanye amaphuzu:

• Umthombo wombukiso: Kungaba ama-laser, ama-LED, izikrini ze-LCD zokuchayeka ngokushesha, njll., njengoba sengichazile ku- I-athikili yezinhlobo zephrinta ye-3D.
• Ikhava yesihlungi se-UV: kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zimbozwe, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yemfucumfucu enganikezwa yi-resin, kodwa futhi ngoba iyizinto ezithinta izithombe futhi zingelashwa ngemisebe ye-UV. Yingakho kufanele ivinjwe, ukugwema ukuchayeka ezindaweni lapho impahla akufanele lukhuni.
• Ukushintsha i-FEP foil: Kufanele ibe nedizayini ukuze kube lula ukushintsha le foil ebaluleke kakhulu yephrinta ye-3D.
• Umzila wesitimela we-Z: Kumelwe ibe sezingeni eliphezulu, ilinganiswe kahle, ukuze kugwenywe ukuphambuka okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.
• Vula ukutholwa kwekhava: Ezinye zihlanganisa isistimu yokuthola eyeka ukuphrinta lapho zithola ukuthi ikhava ivuliwe.
• izakhi ezengeziwe: Njengoba kunikezwe izici zalawa maphrinta we-3D resin, kubalulekile ukuthi izesekeli zifake i-scraper, ithangi le-resin, iphepha lokulinganisa, amagilavu, ifaneli yokuthela inhlaka, njll.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zamaphrinta zizoba ne- Ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu ukuqeda kune-filament, enezindawo ezibushelelezi kakhulu, ezinokunemba okukhulu kanye nesidingo esincane sokucubungula ngemuva.

3D bioprinters

Baphinde babelane ngokufana nalezo ze-resin noma i-filament, njengoba zingasekelwe kubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Kunalokho, unjalo ama-bioprinters Futhi baneminye imininingwane okufanele icatshangelwe:

• i-biocompatibility: kumele basekele izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelashwa, njengezigxivizo zokufakelwa, izifakelo zamazinyo, ama-splints, izitho zokwenziwa, izicubu eziphilayo noma izitho zomzimba, njll.
• Ukuzihlukanisa nokuvala inzalo: Uma usebenza ngale nto ebucayi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi iphrinta ye-3D ibe nokuvala kahle ukugwema ukungcoliswa, noma ukugcina inzalo enhle.

Amaphrinta we-Industrial 3D

I-Las izimboni 3D amaphrinta noma ukusetshenziswa professional Angase futhi enziwe nge-filament noma nge-resin, noma ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obufana namaphrinta we-3D ukuze asetshenziswe ngasese. Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu amaningi angenhla ayasebenza kubo. Kodwa kukhona umehluko:

• I-extruder ephindwe kabili: ezinye zihlanganisa i-extruder ekabili ukuze uphrinte ngezinto eziphindwe kabili noma ngemibala emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abanye futhi bavumela ukuphrinta okuningi, okungukuthi, ukudala izingcezu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
• Ivolumu yokuphrinta enkulu (XYZ): Ngokuvamile, amaphrinta e-3D yezimboni avame ukuba nosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, futhi lokho kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze ngokuya ngevolumu yokuphrinta, ukwazi ukudala izingxenye ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bavame ukukhombisa lezi zilinganiso ngokususelwa kubude abangakhula ngabo imodeli eksisi X, ku-Y, naku-Z, okungukuthi, ububanzi, ukujula nokuphakama.
• Isistimu yokulwa nokulahlekelwa: Akufani nokulahlekelwa umbono esimweni esithile kunasenkampanini, lapho ukulahlekelwa kuyinkinga kakhulu (ngisho nangaphezulu uma kuyisibonelo lapho besebenza khona amahora amaningi noma izinsuku). Ngalesi sizathu, amaphrinta amaningi e-3D yezimboni anezinhlelo zokulwa nokulahlekelwa ezigwema lokhu kuphazamiseka.
• Ukuqapha nokuphatha okukude: Amanye amaphrinta asekela ukuqapha inqubo (nge-telemetry noma amakhamera) nokuphathwa kokude. Isibonelo, kusukela kunethiwekhi efanayo engenazintambo, njll.
• Ukuphepha: Le mishini kufanele futhi ifake zonke izinto ezidingekayo noma amasistimu okuvikela ukuze abaqhubi bangatholi izingozi. Isibonelo, kukhona labo abanezinhlelo zokuhlunga ze-HEPA kanye/noma izihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe emakhabetheni abo ukuvimbela opharetha ekuhogeleni umhwamuko oyingozi empilweni, izikrini zokuvikela ukuvikela ukusha, ukusikeka, njll., phakathi nenqubo, ukumisa izimo eziphuthumayo njll.
• Izinzwa nokulawula: Izikhathi eziningi kubalulekile futhi ukuba nedatha ngezimo zenqubo yokuphrinta, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene, njll.
• I-UPS noma i-UPS: amasistimu okuphakelwa kwamandla angaphazamiseki ukuze ukuphrinta kungami uma kwenzeka ukucima kukagesi noma ukucima kukagesi, konakaliswa ingxenye.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi umkhakha ngamunye wezimboni udinga ezawo izici ezithile kanye a iphrinta ye-3D ekhethekile.

Ibiza malini iphrinta ye-3D?

Umbuzo wokuthi iphrinta ye-3D ibiza malini ivame kakhulu. Kodwa akanayo impendulo elula, njengoba kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lobuchwepheshe, izici, ngisho nohlobo. Nokho, ungazivumela ukuthi uqondiswe yilawa mabanga alinganiselwe:

• I-FDM: kusuka ku-€130 kuya ku-€1000.
• I-SLA: kusuka ku-€500 kuya ku-€2300.
• DLP: kusuka ku-€500 kuya ku-€2300.
• SLS: kusuka ku-€4500 kuya ku-€27.200.

Isevisi yokuphrinta (okunye)

Kufanele wazi ukuthi kukhona eziningana izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D eziku-inthanethi, ukuze banakekele ukuphrinta imodeli obathumelela yona futhi bakuthumelele umphumela nge-courier ekhelini olikhethayo. Okungukuthi, enye indlela yokuba nephrinta yakho ye-3D. Lokhu kungaba kuhle ezimeni lapho kudingeka ukuphrinta ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, okungafanelekile ukuthenga okokusebenza, noma kwezinye izimo lapho kudingeka ingxenye ethile engenzeka kuphela ngemodeli yephrinta yezimboni ebizayo.

Amasevisi nezindleko

Abanye izinkonzo ezaziwayo futhi okunconyiwe yilezi:

• Izinto ezibonakalayo
• Ama-Protocol
• I-Innova3D
• amaphrinta
• dalac3d
• I-Craftcloud3D
• I-3D Experience Marketplace
• I-Xometry
• I-Sculpteo

Kepha izindleko, akuwona wonke amasevisi abonisa ngale ngokulinganayo endleleni amanani abalwa ngayo, kodwa ngokuvamile asekelwe enambeni:

• Izindleko zezinto ezikhethiwe: kuhlanganisa kokubili ucezu ngokwalo kanye nezinto ezengeziwe ezidingekayo uma izisekelo zidingeka). Izophinde ihluke kuye ngokuthi isixazululo esikhethiwe kanye nesivinini.
• Umsebenzi: Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko ezifana nesikhathi somsebenzisi esichithwa ekunyatheliseni, ekuhlanzeni, ekuhlungeni, ekuqedeni, ekupakisheni, njll.
• Ezinye izindleko: Ezinye izindleko nazo zengezwa kumandla asetshenzisiwe, ukunxephezela izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini, amalayisense esoftware, isinxephezelo sesikhathi lapho umshini ugcinwa umatasa futhi awukwazi ukukhiqiza eminye imisebenzi (ikakhulukazi lapho iyunithi noma embalwa), njll.
• Izindleko zokuthumela: kubiza malini ukuthumela i-oda ekhelini elinikeziwe. Ngokujwayelekile kwenziwa ngesikhungo sezokuthutha esinenkontileka engaphansi, nakuba ezinye izinsizakalo zingase zibe nenqwaba yazo yezimoto zokuthutha.

Zisebenza kanjani?

La indlela yokusebenza kulawa masevisi ngokuvamile alula kakhulu:

1. Akuvamile ukuthi lezi zinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D zizenzele imodeli ngokwazo, ngakho udinga ukuzithumela ifayela (.stl, .obj, .dae,…) ngefomethi abayamukelayo. Leli fayela lizocelwa phakathi nenqubo yoku-oda, kanye nedatha yakho yomuntu siqu.
2. Khetha i- impahla, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta, ukuqeda (ukupholisha, ukudweba, i-QA noma ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezingxenye eziqediwe ukuze ulahle amaphutha, nezinye izindlela zokwelapha zangemuva kokuphrinta), neminye imingcele yokuphrinta. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ezinye izinsiza zingase zingamukeli iyunithi eyodwa, futhi ubuncane bamakhophi wokuphrinta (10, 50, 100,…) bucelwa ukuthi zenze inzuzo.
3. Manje isabelomali sizobalwa ngokusekelwe kumodeli kanye nemingcele ekhethiwe. Futhi izokukhombisa inani.
4. Uma wamukela futhi uyengeza enqoleni yokuthenga, futhi uma usuqedile, bazoyinakekela ukuyikhiqiza.
5. Ngemuva izothunyelwa kuwe ekhelini olikhethile, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamahora angama-24-72. Amanye amasevisi anokuthunyelwa kwamahhala uma weqa inani elithile.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Yebo, lezi zinsizakalo zine ubuhle nobubi bayo:

• buhle:
  • Akudingekile ukuba batshale imali emishinini yokunyathelisa noma izinto zokwakha.
  • Ukugcinwa kweZero, njengoba inkampani yesevisi iyayinakekela.
  • Ukufinyelela kumaphrinta e-3D athuthukile nasheshayo ongeke ukwazi ukuwakhokhela.
  • Uhlu olubanzi lwezinto ongakhetha kuzo, njengoba lezi zinsizakalo zivame ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamaphrinta wezimboni.
• I-Contras:
  • Akunanzuzo ukuphrinta njalo, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthenga iphrinta yakho ye-3D kuzoncishiswa.
  • Uma kuyisibonelo esinohlobo oluthile lwe-IP, noma ingaphansi kwemfihlo, leyo akuyona inketho.

Ungakhetha kanjani isevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D engcono kakhulu?

Njengalapho ukhetha a kopisha isitolo ukuze uphrinte Wenza amaphepha akho ngokusekelwe entengo, ikhwalithi, uhlobo lwephepha olwamukelwe, umbala, njll., kukhona nezinye izici okufanele uzinake. Akulula njengokufaka ikhasi lewebhu lensizakalo bese uchofoza.

para khetha isevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D ehamba phambili yekesi lakho:

• Izinto zokwakha: Kufanele ubheke leyo sevisi ekuvumela ukuthi uphrinte ezintweni ezifanele. Lokhu kuzoncika ekutheni ufuna ucezu ngani. Isibonelo, mhlawumbe uyidinga ubucwebe futhi ufuna ukuthi yenziwe ngegolide, noma mhlawumbe uzoyisebenzisela ukudla futhi idinga ukuphepha, noma indiza futhi idinga ukukhanya, noma ingxenye eshintshayo injini endala futhi idinga ukumelana nokungqubuzana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kukhona izinsiza ezithize zokusetshenziswa ngochwepheshe, ezenza izingxenye zidlule ekulawuleni okuqinile ukuze zihambisane nokucaciswa kwemishini namakhemikhali. Amanye amasevisi angase ashibhe futhi ahlinzekele labo abafuna ukuphrinta into ukuze bazijabulise.
• Izitifiketi, ilayisensi, ubumfihlo kanye nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo:
  • Kubalulekile ukuthi uma kuzoba ingxenye yanoma iyiphi isistimu noma umshini, kudlule izindinganiso ezibekelwe leyo ngxenye. Isibonelo, i-ISO:9001 ejwayelekile, noma ezinye ezivela e-EU. Kukhona futhi amanye amasevisi anelungelo lokubekela eceleni amamodeli anezitifiketi ezithile, njenge-ITAR ukwenza izingxenye zokuzivikela noma ukusetshenziswa kwezempi.
  • Uma ulayisha ifayela elinemodeli ozoliphrinta, izinsiza eziningi zithatha ngokuthi wamukele ilayisense engakhethekile, ngakho-ke zizoba nelungelo lokuqhubeka nokuphrintela imodeli yakho kwabanye abantu. Uma ungafuni ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke, kufanele ubheke isevisi ekuvumela ukuthi usayine isivumelwano sokungadaluli.
  • Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami abathile bengxenye nabo badinga ukusayina izinkontileka ezinobumfihlo nemibandela yobumfihlo ukuze bavimbele ukuncintisana ekukopisheni, noma ukubathumelela ikhophi yefayela nemodeli obathumele yona. Uyayidinga? Ungakwazi yini ukuqinisekisa isevisi?
• Amandla okukhiqiza inqwaba kanye nokukaleka: Ezinye izinkampani ezincane zingenza inombolo encane yezingxenye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amakhulu anamaphrinta amaningana e-3D, akwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziyi-1000 noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esithile. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isevisi engahlangabezana nesidingo sezingxenye, futhi ngisho noma kudingeka ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe, okungathatha lokho kukhiqizwa okwengeziwe.
• Isikhathi: akuzona zonke ezinejubane elifanayo lokukhiqiza, ezinye zingaba nazo ngosuku olulodwa, ezinye zingase zithathe isikhathi eside. Uma udinga imiphumela ngokushesha, kungcono uye kumasevisi aqinisekisa ngokushesha.
• Inani: Yebo, ukukwazi ukukhokhela izindleko kuyisici esibalulekile, futhi ukuqhathanisa izinsizakalo ukusebenzisa eshibhe kakhulu nakho.

Ungayifaka kanjani iphrinta kukhompyutha

Ayikho inqubo ejwayelekile ukufaka noma iyiphi imodeli yephrinta ye-3D. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukufunda imanuwali yephrinta yakho ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, noma i-wiki noma imibhalo uma kwenzeka uyiphrinta ye-3D yomthombo ovulekile. Nokho, inqubo ejwayelekile elingana iningi iqukethe lezi zinyathelo:

1. Xhuma iphrinta ku-PC yakho usebenzisa Intambo ye-USB (noma inethiwekhi).
2. Kufanele ube Abalawuli kumodeli yakho yephrinta ye-3D yesistimu yakho yokusebenza (GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows,…), njengoba ingeke isebenze nezishayeli ze-USB kwamanye amadivaysi. Ngokwesibonelo:
   • Izishayeli zamaphrinta asekelwe kumabhodi e-Arduino.
   • Abashayeli bama-chips ajwayelekile angu-CH340/CH341 (macOS, Windows, Linux).
   • Izishayeli ezithile ezivela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi wemodeli yakho yephrinta ye-3D.
3. Amanye amaphrinta afaka isofthiwe ebizwa I-Repetier-Host, abanye badinga ukufaka isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu. Ngokwesibonelo, like isofthiwe yamahhala ye-Repetier. Ngenxa yale softhiwe uzokwazi ukwengeza amamodeli kulayini wokuphrinta, uwakale, uwaphinde kabili, uwahlukanise abe izingcezu, ulawule iphrinta ye-3D exhunywe kwi-PC yakho, uguqule amapharamitha, futhi ukhiqize ifayela elinemodeli ezophrintwa ngalo. ifomethi eqondile eyamukelwe iphrinta yakho. , njenge-G-Code.
4. Faka isofthiwe yokuklama i-CAD noma yokumodela, okungukuthi, enye isofthiwe yokuphrinta ye-3D.
5. Lapho uphrinta ingxenye, layisha i-filament noma i-resin kuqala kuphrinta yakho.
6. Ekuqaliseni kokuqala, kufanele lungisa umbhede (eminye imininingwane lapha).

Iphrinta ye-3D kufanele isebenze. uma ungakwenzi, hlola ukuthi:

• Iphrinta ye-3D ivuliwe.
• Iphrinta ye-3D ixhunywe ku-PC.
• Uma ukhethe imbobo efanele.
• Ulungise imingcele efanele yesivinini (i-baud).
• Uma uxhumeke kahle kunethiwekhi (uma ikunethiwekhi).

Ungaphrinta kanjani ingxenye yakho yokuqala

Manje njengoba iphrinta yakho ye-3D isifakiwe futhi kufanele ukuthi iyasebenza, yisikhathi sokusebenza ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kokuphrinta kwe-3D. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phrinta into elula kakhulu, ukuze nje uhlole ukuthi isebenza kahle. ungasebenzisa a Sawubona Mhlaba! u Sawubona Mhlaba!, okungeyona into engaphezu kwesibalo sejometri esilula nesincane, njenge-cube engu-20x20x20mm. Uma umumo nobukhulu bulungile, iphrinta yakho ILUNGILE.

Ngaphambi kokuphrinta, khumbula ukwenza okubili Izinyathelo zangaphambilini baluleke kakhulu:

• Ukushisa: i-extruder kufanele ibe ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze umcu ukuze uncibilike, ngokuvamile ongaphezu kuka-175ºC. Uma izinga lokushisa linganele, lingakwazi ukukhiqiza ukwehluleka engxenyeni ezophrintwa.
• ukulinganisa kombhede: Umbhede wephrinta noma inkundla idinga ukuleveliswa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ucezu lukhule luqonde futhi ukuze ungqimba lokuqala lunamathele kahle embhedeni.

Kepha izinyathelo zokuphrinta imodeli ye-3D, zifana kakhulu nalezi ozilandelayo ukuze uziphrinte ephepheni ngephrinta evamile:

1. Kusukela kusofthiwe lapho umklamo we-3D wemodeli ofuna ukuyiphrinta ikhona.
2. Chofoza inketho ethi Phrinta, noma kwezinye izinhlelo ingase ibe sengxenyeni ethi Thumela ku-3D Printer.
3. Lungiselela amapharamitha wokuphrinta.
4. phrinta! Sekuyisikhathi sokubekezela, njengoba kungase kuthathe...

Lezi zinyathelo ingahluka kancane kusofthiwe ngayinye, kodwa ayiyona inkimbinkimbi kunoma yikuphi.

Recycle 3D printer plastic

Uphrinte ucezu ongasaludingi, mhlawumbe ukuphrinta kwase kuqedwe uhhafu noma bekunesici, usele nomcu,... Uma okunye kwalokhu kwenzeka kuwe, kufanele wazi ukuthi Ingabe ipulasitiki yephrinta ye-3D ingagaywa kabusha?. Ukwenza kanjalo, unamathuba amaningana:

1. Sebenzisa a Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele. kanje, noma njengokuthi i-filastruder, I-Filabot, I-FilFil EVO, I-V4 Pellet Extruder, njll., ukusebenzisa zonke izinsalela futhi udale i-filament entsha egaywe kabusha ngokwakho.
2. Sebenzisa kabusha izingxenye ongasazidingi ngezinye izinjongo. Isibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi uphrinte inkomishi ongasayisebenzisi, ungayisebenzisa futhi njengepeni. Noma mhlawumbe uphrinte ugebhezi olungenalutho futhi ufuna ukuluguqula lube ibhodwe lezimbali. Lapha kuzofanele ubeke umcabango wakho ukuze usebenze…
3. Guqula into engakhiwe kahle ibe isifanekiso sobuciko esingabonakali. Okunye okuvelayo kuyehluleka futhi kushiya umumo othakazelisayo njengomphumela. Ungawalahli, uwapende futhi uwaguqule abe umhlobiso.
4. Ama-spools e-filament asetshenzisiwe namakani e-resin ngokwawo angaphinda agaywe kabusha endaweni efanelekile yokugaywa kabusha noma aphinde asetshenziselwe ezinye izinjongo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuguqula iphrinta ye-3D ibe yi-CNC?

Impendulo esheshayo ithi yebo, kungenzeka ukushintsha iphrinta ye-3D ibe umshini we-CNC. Kodwa inqubo ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwephrinta kanye nohlobo lwethuluzi le-CNC ofuna ukulisebenzisa (ukugaya, ukubhola, ukusika...). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka ku-HWLIBRE asiyincomi, ngoba ingavala isiqinisekiso noma yenze iphrinta yakho ingasebenzi.

Por ejemplo, cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukwenza i-surface milling, ngenxa yalokhu, uzodinga ukukhweza injini kagesi namandla ayo ekhanda lephrinta ye-3D esikhundleni se-extruder. Zikhona ngisho isekela lolu hlobo lwamaphrojekthi alungele ukuphrintwa. Ku-motor shaft, kuzodingeka usebenzise i-milling bit noma i-drill bit, futhi okusele kuzoba ukuthumela inqubo yokuphrinta nomklamo ofuna ukuwuqopha kuphrinta yakho, futhi ikhanda lizonyakaza ukuyidweba, ngomehluko. ukuthi esikhundleni Sokwengeza izendlalelo zezinto, injini izoqopha umdwebo okhunini, ipuleti le-methacrylate, nanoma yini...

Ulwazi oluningi

• Amaphrinta we-Resin 3D amahle kakhulu
• Iskena se-3D
• Izingxenye ezisele zephrinta ye-3D
• Ama-filaments kanye ne-resin yamaphrinta we-3D
• Amaphrinta we-Industrial 3D ahamba phambili
• Amaphrinta we-3D angcono kakhulu wasekhaya
• Amaphrinta we-3D ashibhile kakhulu
• Konke mayelana ne-STL namafomethi wokuphrinta we-3D
• Izinhlobo zamaphrinta e-3D
• Umhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa Ukuphrinta kwe-3D