Inzwa yomphumela weHholo: konke odinga ukukwazi ngamaphrojekthi wakho we-Arduino

Inzwa yomphumela weHholo

Ungahle ubheke idivaysi ekuvumela ukuthi ubone amandla kazibuthe aseduze, noma usebenzise njengoshintshi ongathintana naye, kwezicelo ezidinga ukuvikelwa kwamanzi, njll. Kuleso simo, ungasebenzisa Izinzwa zomphumela we-HalEngizokukhombisa konke odinga ukukwazi ukukuhlanganisa namaphrojekthi wakho wesikhathi esizayo ne-Arduino. Eqinisweni, uma uzozisebenzisa kanye nozibuthe be-neodymium, izinhlelo zokusebenza ongazithola kuzo ziningi.

Ukuxhumeka kwalolu hlobo lwedivayisi kulula kakhulu, njengoba ubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyizinto zikagesi  kushibhile kakhulu nokuthi ungathola kalula ezitolo eziningi ezikhethekile noma ku-inthanethi. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi, ungaqhubeka nokufunda ...

Umphumela weHholo

Umdwebo womphumela weHholo

Igama layo livela kumtholi wokuqala, usosayensi waseMelika u-Edwin Herbert Hall. I- umphumela wehholo Kuyisimo somzimba esenzeka lapho kuvela insimu kagesi ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa ugesi ngaphakathi komqhubi lapho kuzungeza khona uzibuthe. Le nsimu kagesi (Inkambu yeHholo) izoba nengxenye ebheke ngawodwana ekuhambeni kwamashaji nasengxenyeni ebekiwe yensimu kazibuthe esetshenzisiwe. Ngale ndlela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukutholakala kwezindawo zamagnetic kungatholakala.

Ngamanye amagama, uma i-current igeleza kumqhubi noma i-semiconductor futhi kunensimu kazibuthe eseduzane, kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi amandla kazibuthe kuzithwali zemithwalo ezizihlanganisa kabusha ngaphakathi kwento. Lokho wukuthi, abathwali bokushaja bazophambukisa futhi baqoqe ngakolunye uhlangothi lomqhubi / semiconductor. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kubangela ukwehluka kwamandla kagesi kulo conductor / semiconductor, kukhiqize leyo nsimu kagesi ibhekane ngqo namandla kazibuthe.

Yini inzwa yomphumela weHholo?

Inzwa yomphumela weHholo

Ngakho-ke, lapho usuwazi ukuthi umphumela weHholo usebenza kanjani, ungakhuluma ngezakhi noma Izinzwa zomphumela weHholo ukuthi bayakwazi ukusizakala ngalesi simo ukuze basebenzise okuthile okusebenzayo. Isibonelo, ngazo ungenza izilinganiso zamandla kazibuthe.

Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi ku- amaphrojekthi amaningi kagesi namadivayisi asetshenziswa njalo. Isibonelo, ezimotweni ungazithola kwezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha, ukukala indawo ye-camshaft enjinini, ukukala isivinini soketshezi, ukuthola izinsimbi, nokunye okude njll.

Into enhle ngalolu hlobo lwezinzwa zomphumela weHholo, ngokungafani nezinye, yilokho abadingi ukuxhumana. Lokho wukuthi, bangayenza le misebenzi ukude, ngaphezu kokungavikeleki ngokuphelele emsindweni we-elekthronikhi, uthuli, njll., Ngakho-ke zihlala ziqinile futhi zithembekile ezilinganisweni zazo. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi babo bunqunyelwe, ngoba badinga ukuba sebangeni elithile ukusuka enkambeni ekhiqizwayo ukuze bakwazi ukukubamba.

Izinhlobo

Ngaphakathi kwezinzwa zomphumela weHholo ungazithola izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo:

  • I-Analog: zingamadivayisi ayisisekelo, anephini noma okukhiphayo okuzothumela isignali ngokulingana namandla kazibuthe abawathumbayo. Lokho wukuthi, ziyefana inzwa yokushisa, ekucindezelweni, nezinye izinzwa esizichazile kule bhulogi.
  • digital: ezimweni zedijithali, zisisekelo kakhulu kunezi-analog. Njengoba zingalethi okukhiphayo okulingana nensimu, kepha zinika inani lamandla aphezulu uma kukhona amandla kazibuthe futhi aphansi uma kungekho nsimu kazibuthe. Lokho wukuthi, azinakusetshenziswa ukukala amandla kazibuthe afana ne-analog, ukuthola nje ubukhona bazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinombolo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezingeziwe:
    • I-Latch: lezo zalolu hlobo ziyasebenza uma umuntu esondela futhi egcina inani lazo ekuphumeni kuze kufike isigxobo esiphambene.
    • Shintsha: kokunye, okukhiphayo ngeke kugcinwe, kuyenziwa kungasebenzi lapho isigxobo sisuswa. Akudingekile ukusondeza isigxobo esiphambene ukuze umkhiqizo ushintshe ...

Ngikweluleka ukuthi usebenzise odonsa be-neodymium, zingcono kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinzwa zomphumela weHholo zisebenze kahle.

Uma ufuna inzwa yohlobo lwe-analog, inketho enhle ingaba Inzwa yeHolo 49E. Ngayo ungabona ukutholakala kwamandla kazibuthe, futhi uzilinganise. Isibonelo, ungalinganisa amandla kazibuthe aseduze, wenze i-tachometer usebenzisa uzibuthe ukukala izinguquko ngomzuzu we-eksisi noma isivinini, ukuthola lapho umnyango uvula noma uvala ngozibuthe, njll. Le nzwa itholakala ezitolo eziningana ngamasenti ambalwa, noma ngokunye uma ufuna ukuthi ifakwe ku-PCB ngakho konke okudingayo kumodyuli elungele ukusetshenziswa ne-Arduino:

  • Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
  • Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma okudingayo kungokwedijithali, lapho-ke ungathenga Inzwa yeHholo A3144, okubuye kube uhlobo lokushintsha, okungukuthi, ngeke kudingeke ukushintsha isigxobo. Ngale ndlela uzokwazi ukuthola ubukhona bento eyinsimbi, noma ngabe kukhona amandla kazibuthe noma cha, futhi udale isibali se-RPM njengasesimweni esedlule. Lokhu futhi kulula ukukuthola, futhi kushibhile noma kungaphezulu kokwedlule, kukhululekile futhi kusimo se-module:

Endabeni ye-analog, kufanele thintana nedatha yemodeli oyithengile. Ngoba isibonelo, ku-49E Uzothola igrafu yokuthi amandla kazibuthe angalinganiswa kanjani futhi kuzokusiza ukuthi wakhe ifomula okufanele uyisebenzise kukhodi yomthombo we-Arduino ukubala ubukhulu be-magnetic flux (mT) etholakele. Endabeni ye-49E kungaba: B = 53.33V-133.3, ngenxa yobubanzi bukazibuthe namandla kagesi ongaletha lapho kuphuma ...

Okuvamile kwidijithali naku-analog yi inani lamaphini analo (pinout), kuzo zombili lezi zimo kungu-3.Uma ufaka inzwa yeHholo ubuso bayo bubheke kuwe, okungukuthi, ngobuso obunemibhalo ebheke kuwe, khona-ke iphini ngakwesobunxele lizoba ngu-1, emaphakathi kuzoba ngu-2 bese kuthi eyodwa ngakwesokunene sakho intando 3:

  • 1: kuzo zombili i-49E ne-A3144 yiphini yamandla engu-5V.
  • 2: iyunithi yokulawula ixhunywe kuzimo zombili ku-GND noma emhlabathini.
  • 3: kuzimo zombili kungukukhipha, okungukuthi, okukala noma okuthola amandla kazibuthe, okwenza i-voltage ngawo. Khumbula ukuthi kudijithali kuzothatha amanani amabili kuphela, aphezulu noma aphansi, ngenkathi ku-analog ungafaka ifomula yangaphambilini ukwazi ukuthi le nkambu itholwe kanjani ...

Ukuhlanganiswa kwenzwa ye-Hall effect ne-Arduino

Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kwenzwa yeHholo nge-Arduino

Lapho usubonile ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini odinga ukuyazi ngalesi senzwa seHholo, nge-pinout echaziwe, kufanele ngabe usuyazi ukuthi injani xhuma ebhodini lakho le-Arduino. Kulokhu, kuzoxhuma kanjena:

  • Usuyazi vele ukuthi i-pin 1 kufanele ixhunywe ku-voltage ka-Arduino ka-5V voltage ukuze ikwazi ukuyinika amandla, zombili esimweni sedijithali ne-analog.
  • Iphini eliphakathi noma i-2, kufanele uyixhume ku-GND noma emhlabathini webhodi lakho le-Arduino.
  • Endabeni yephini 3, iyahluka ngokuya ngokuthi ingeye-analogi noma eyidijithali:
    • I-Analog: xhuma ngqo iphini 3 yenzwa yeHholo kokunye kokufakwayo kwe-analog kwebhodi lakho le-Arduino.
    • Idijithali: kufanele uhlanganise iphini 1 no-3 ngesibambiso sokudonsa, isibonelo u-10K wesifunda ukuze usebenze kahle nge-A3144. Amanye amamodeli angadinga amanani wokumelana ahlukile ... Uma usucabangele lokho, ungaxhuma iphini 3 kokufaka kwedijithali ebhodini lakho le-Arduino.

Akukhathalekile inani lokufakwa kwebhodi lapho uyixhume khona, vele ukhumbule inombolo bese udala kahle ikhodi yomthombo ukuze iphrojekthi yakho isebenze. Kulokhu, kuzoba khona nokwehluka phakathi kokuthi ukhethe i-analog noma idijithali:

  • Ikhodi elula ye- i-analog es:
const int pinHall = A0;
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(pinHall, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
 
void loop() {
 
  //Filtro para ruido con 10 medidas
  long measure = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      int value = 
      measure += analogRead(pinHall);
  }
  measure /= 10;
  
  //Calcular el voltaje en mV que da la salida del sensor Hall
  float outputV = measure * 5000.0 / 1023;
  Serial.print("Voltaje de salida = ");
  Serial.print(outputV);
  Serial.print(" mV   ");
  
  //Interpolación a densidad del campo magnético (fórmula)
  float magneticFlux =  outputV * 53.33 - 133.3;
  Serial.print("La densidad del flujo magnético del campo es = ");
  Serial.print(magneticFlux);
  Serial.print(" mT");
  
  delay(2000);
}

  • Ikhodi elula ye- digital unga:
const int HALLPin = 2;
const int LEDPin = 13;
//El pin 13 en el esquema de nuestro ejemplo no pinta nada, pero se podría agregar un LED a dicho pin para que se encienda si detecta campo magnetico
 
void setup() {
  pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(HALLPin, INPUT);
}
 
void loop() {
  if(digitalRead(HALLPin)==HIGH)
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);   
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);
  }
}

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.