Un isithombe Luhlobo lwenzwa olungasetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi kumaphrojekthi wakho we-DIY. Noma ngabe ungumenzi, ungazenzela uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha ngenye ye lezi zingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi iyini ngempela leyo divayisi, yenzelwa ini nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzofunda futhi umehluko namanye amadivayisi angahle abonakale efana, ne- izinhlobo ze-photodetectors akhona, ngalinye linobuhle nobubi balo ...
Yini i-photodetector?
Un isithombe Inzwa ekhiqiza isignali kagesi ezoncika ekukhanyeni okuwela kule divayisi. Okusho ukuthi, njengoba kuthinta kakhulu noma ngaphansi kwalemisebe kagesi, izokhiqiza isignali eyodwa noma enye engahunyushwa. Kungaba ukukhiqiza isenzo, noma ukumane ulinganise inani lale radiation.
Amanye alawa ma-photodetectors asuselwa kumphumela, ongaba: i-photoelectrochemical, photoconductive, noma i-photoelectric noma i-photovoltaic. Lesi sakamuva singesinye sezinto ezivame kakhulu, futhi siqukethe ukuphuma kwama-electron ngento enalezi zakhiwo lapho imisebe ye-electromegnetic iwela kuyo, ukukhanya okulula noma i-UV. Ngamanye amagama, lapho into esetshenzisiwe ikwazi ukuguqula ingxenye yamandla okukhanya ibe ngamandla kagesi.
Ama-photodetectors athile athuthukile, njenge Izinzwa ze-CCD ne-CMOS Bane-matrix yalolu hlobo lwemitshina emincane yokwenza i-matrix nokuthwebula ividiyo nezithombe, lokhu kube ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuthuthuke kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-photodetector
Kuneziningana izinhlobo yamadivayisi angahlelwa ngaphakathi kwalokho okushiwo yi-photodetector. Lezi izi:
- Ama-Photodiode
- Phototransistor
- I-Photoresist
- Photocathode
- Phototube noma photovalve
- I-Photomultiplier
- Inzwa ye-CCD
- Inzwa ye-CMOS
- Iseli le-Photoelectric
- Iseli le-Photoelectrochemical
Aplicaciones
Ama-Photodetectors angaba nenqwaba ye- izicelo ezingenzeka:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
- Ama-encoders noma ama-encoders.
- Ukubalwa kwezikhundla.
- Izinhlelo zokuqapha.
- Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-fiber optic.
- Ukuhlelwa kwesithombe (ukuthunjwa kwezithombe, ividiyo).
- Njll
Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe i-fiber optic, esebenza ngokukhanya esikhundleni samapulisi kagesi, ukwandisa isivinini sezokuxhumana, imicu ye-fiberglass ingahambisa ukukhanya ngejubane eliphakeme, kepha uma kutholwa lezi zimpawu, zidinga umshini wokuthwebula izithombe ukuze azibambe kanye neprosesa ezizobamba.
Umtshina wevidiyo vs umtshina wesithombe
Ezinhlelweni zokuphepha, njengama-alamu, ngokuqinisekile uzwile nokuthi banama-photodetectors noma imitshina yamavidiyo. Kulezi zimo, ziwuhlobo lwenzwa oluthatha izithombe, noma ezithwebula ividiyo yalokho okwenzeka endaweni egadiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kulungile noma, kungenjalo, ukusetha ama-alamu noma ukwazisa abezokuphepha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Arduino kanye ne-photodetector
Kulesi sibonelo ngizosebenzisa i- ukumelana ne-LDR ngepuleti Arduino UNO ixhunywe ngale ndlela elula ongayibona esithombeni ngenhla. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulula njengokusebenzisa i-LED (ungayifaka enye into) exhunywe ne-resistor eya kwi-GND nakwenye iphini yayo komunye umphumela webhodi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba ukuxhumana kwe-photosensor, ukunikezwa kwe-5v okuvela ebhodini le-Arduino kuzosetshenziswa, futhi okunye kokufakwayo kwe-analog komunye umkhawulo. Ngale ndlela, lapho ukukhanya kuwela kulesi siphikisi se-LDR, amandla wokukhishwa kwawo azobanjwa yilokhu kufakwa kwe-analog kuzohluka futhi kungahunyushwa ukwenza umsebenzi othile ...
Ngakho-ke ungabona icala lokusebenzisa elilula futhi ikhodi yokudweba kuyadingeka ezinhlelweni zakho nge I-Arduino IDE:
//Uso de un fotodetector en Arduino UNO
#define pinLED 12
void setup() {
pinMode(pinLED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int v = analogRead(A0);
// El valor 500 debe ajustarse según la luz del ambiente donde lo vayas a usar
// Con poca luz debe ser más pequeño, con mucha mayor.
if (v < 500) digitalWrite(pinLED, HIGH);
else digitalWrite(pinLED, LOW);
Serial.println(v);
}
Lapha uzomane ubone ukuthi i-LED ikhanya kanjani ngokuya ngokukhanya okutholwe yi-photodetector. Vele ukhululekile shintsha le khodi ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi oyidingayo. Lesi yisibonelo esilula ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwaso ngendlela ephathekayo.
Ungathenga kuphi i-photodetector
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga i-photodetector, ungakhetha lokhu izincomo ezokwazi ukwanelisa cishe zonke izidingo:
- Ukuphepha kweBlaupunkt: i-photodetector elungele ukuhlanganiswa ne-alamu system yakho. Inebanga elingu-110º futhi ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ngokuthola ukunyakaza noma ukuba khona kwento ethile.
- Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.: yiphakethe lama-resistors e-LDR, okungukuthi, amadivayisi azohluka ukumelana kwawo ngokuya ngokukhanya okuwela kuwo.
- Inzwa yekhamera engu-0.3MP yekhamera ye-CMOS: enye imodyuli encane ye-Arduino namanye amabhodi nokuxazululwa kwe-680 × 480 px.
- Imodyuli yomtshina wokukhanya: Njenge-LDR kepha iza ifakwe kwimodyuli futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyihlanganisa ne-Arduino.