Kusukela lapho amakhompuyutha eqala ukusetshenziswa embonini, enye yezinto zokuqala abasetshenziswa kuqala kuzo kwakuse- Umklamo we-CAD zezingxenye. Amakhompiyutha angenza idizayini isebenziseke kakhulu kunokusebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zesikhathi, kanye nokuvumela ukuguqula ukwakheka ngokushesha, ukwenza amakhophi womklamo kalula, njll.
Okwamanje, amathuluzi I-CAD iguquke kakhulu. Njengamanje isoftware etholakalayo iphelele kakhulu futhi ivumela ukwenza okuningi kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokuqala ze-CAD. Futhi ngokufika kwe- Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, lezi zinhlelo sezisebenziseka kakhulu embonini nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.
Yini i-CAD?
CAD yisichasiselo se-Computer-Aided Designing, okungukuthi, ukwakhiwa okusizwa nge-computer. Uhlobo lwesoftware oluzokwazi ukuklama inqwaba yamaphrojekthi futhi olusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukene yomkhakha, kusuka ekwakhiweni kokupakisha, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ngokwakhiwa kwezingxenye zemishini, izinjini, izakhiwo zazo zonke izinhlobo, izimoto, amasekethe, njll. .
Ingasetshenziselwa ukuklama abalingiswa futhi ubasebenzise ekugqwayizeni kwe-movie, ukulingisa, njll. I- isofthiwe I-CAD yanamuhla isuka kude, ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zande kakhulu. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo seziqalile ukuvumela i-2D, ukwakheka kwe-3D, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, ukubalwa kwesakhiwo, ukukhanyisa, ukunyakaza, njll.
Kepha kuze kube manje, kuningi okushintshile kusukela ekuqaleni. Futhi ukubona lowo msuka kufanele ubuyele kuwo ama-50s, lapho ezinye izinhlelo zokuqhafaza ziqala ukusetshenziswa eMIT ukucubungula idatha etholwe yizinhlelo ze-radar zeNorth American Air Force. Ngaleyo ndlela ingakhombisa lokho okutholwe yi-radar kumqapha we-CRT.
Kulawo amalebhu afanayo, ILabhorathri yaseLincoln, izisekelo zehluzo zekhompyutha esaziyo namuhla zizoqala ukubekwa. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka eminyakeni yama-60s, okuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ikhibhodi kanye nepeni lokudweba izithombe esibukweni. Ngendlela ecishe ifane, amanye amaphrojekthi afanayo athuthukiswa ezinkampanini ezinjengeGeneral Motors, njengephrojekthi ye-ITEK, ikhompyutha ye-PDP-1 enesikrini sevector esinememori yokuvuselela idiski enzima, nethebulethi nepeni likagesi ukufaka idatha .
Kancane kancane izinhlelo zazithuthuka, eza kuma-bds (Isakhiwo Incazelo System nguCharles Eastman, uprofesa waseCarnegie Mellon University. Ngokuyinhloko kwakuwumtapo wolwazi noma isisekelo esinezinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha ezingahlanganiswa ukwakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Uhlelo olususelwa ku-ITEK luqale ukuthengiswa ngo-1965, lwaba uhlelo lokuqala I-CAD Yezentengiso Yabiza cishe ama-dollar ayi-500.000 aseMelika ngaleso sikhathi. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, izinkampani ze-aerospace nezimoto ezifana neGeneral Motors, Chrysler, Ford, njll, zaqala ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqala ze-CAD ukuklama imikhiqizo yazo.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokufika kohlelo lokuqala I-CAD / CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing), okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lwe-CAD oluhlanganiswe nohlelo lokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezenziwe ku-CAD. Izosetshenziswa ngendlela yokuphayona nguLokheed, inkampani emkhakheni wezindiza.
Izinhlelo ze-CAD ezivela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70 zehla ngentengo zaya ku- $ 130.000, kepha zisabiza. Kuze kube ngama-80s lapho isoftware ye-CAD eshibhile iqala ukusetshenziswa, iqondana nokusungulwa kwe- AutoCAD (Autodesk) ngo-1982. Inkampani kaJohn Walker ibilokhu iphethe imboni kusukela lapho, ihlinzeka nge-software engaphansi kwama- $ 1000 nokuyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu.
Ngama-90s, amasistimu e-CAD aqala ukunqoba amanye amapulatifomu (ngaphesheya kwezindawo zokusebenza zeSun Microsystems, i-Digital Equipment, njll.) Yamakhompyutha angabizi kakhulu, ifinyelela kwi-Microsoft Windows ne-PC. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, lolu hlobo lwesoftware luqhubekile nokuvela futhi lwehlisa amanani alo, noma ngabe kuvela amaphrojekthi amaningi amahhala nalawo ...
Izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-CAD
Uma uzibuza Isoftware yeCAD design ongazisebenzisa namuhla, lapha unokukhetha okuhle kwazo. Futhi nakuba kukhona okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okusetshenziselwa kabanzi embonini njenge-Autodesk AutoCAD, ngoba ibhulogi ye hardware libre, sizophinde sigxile kwisofthiwe yamahhala:
I-FreeCAD
Ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ze-AutoCAD, ngaphezu kokuba isoftware yamahhala neyamahhala, ingenye yezinhlelo ezinekhono kakhulu ezikhona njengamanje. I-FreeCAD inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle komsebenzisi, ngamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo nemiphumela yobungcweti yangempela, kokubili ku-2D naku-3D.
Iphinde isekele imodeli esekwe kwi-MCAD, CAx, CAE, ne-PLM. Opencascade, okungukuthi, i-kernel enamandla kakhulu ye-geometry eyenziwe ePython. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyi-cross-platform, esebenza kokubili ku-Windows, macOS naku-GNU / Linux.
I-FreeCAD
I-FreeCAD Ngenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ze-AutoCAD ezikhona. Futhi ingumthombo ovulekile futhi okhululekile, njengangaphambilini. Inomphakathi omkhulu wentuthuko osebenza kakhulu, futhi isebenza nezinhlelo zeWindows, GNU / Linux nezinhlelo zeMacOS.
Igxile ku- Isakhiwo se-2D (kumafomethi we-DXF ne-CXF), futhi ivela njengephrojekthi etholakala (imfoloko) kusuka kolunye uhlelo lwamahhala olubizwa nge-QCAD. Kufakwe umsebenzi omningi ukuyikhanyisa nokusebenza kumakhompyutha amadala noma ngezinsizakusebenza ezinqunyelwe, futhi ivumela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okusheshayo uma uvela kwa-AutoCAD, ngoba isikhombimsebenzisi sayo siyafana.
OkusalungiswaSight
OkusalungiswaSight iyithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elivelayo lokufaka esikhundleni se-AutoCAD ekwakhiweni kwe-2D, ngenguqulo ekhokhelwe yokusetshenziswa kobungcweti ngezinye izici ezengeziwe phezu kwenguqulo yamahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyi-cross-platform ye-GNU / Linux, iWindows ne-macOS.
Le nguqulo yamahhala ikuvumela ukuthi udale, uvule, uhlele futhi ulondoloze amafayela kumafomethi we-Autocad DXF ne-DWG, kanye nokuthumela amaphrojekthi kwabanye amafomethi njenge-WMF, i-JPEG, i-PDF, i-PNG, i-SLD, i-SVG, i-TIF, ne-STL. Ngakho-ke, inokuhambisana okuhle uma uphatha amafayela kusuka kwezinye izinhlelo ...
Isoftware yokuphrinta ye-3D
Manje, uma uzibuza ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuklama izinto bese ziphrinte kuphrinta ye-3D, lapho-ke kufanele ube nezinhlelo ezithile ongazisebenzisela lokho. Ngivele ngishilo omunye wabo esigabeni esedlule, ngoba yiFreeCAD. Ngaphandle kwalokho, unezinye izinketho zomthombo wamahhala noma ezivulekile ezifana:
- I-Design Spark Mechanical- iyisoftware yamahhala ye-CAD eyenziwe i-RS Components ne-SpaceClaim Corporation. Le phrojekthi yenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakheka kwe-3D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, ngesikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esimnandi esifanele abasebenzisi bezinga eliphakathi nendawo. Landa.
- Sketch up- Inehlelo elilula kakhulu lamahhala elithola ukuthandwa ngoba livumela ukuskena okusheshayo futhi linezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. I-interface yayo isuselwe kuwebhu, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa kusuka ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, ivumela ukuthekelisa ku-STL yamaphrinta e-3D. Ukufinyelela.
- I-TinkerCAD: Ibuye ibe ne-app yamahhala yokudweba izingcezu ezincane ezilula ku-3D. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezemfundo ngenxa yezici zayo, ukukwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinto zokuqala, ezinjengamacube, ama-sphere, amasilinda, njll., Ukuze zikwazi ukuhlanganisa, ukuzungezisa nokuzibeka ukuze zakhe ubujamo obunzima kakhulu. Vele ungathumela amamodeli ku-STL yokuphrinta kwe-3D. Ukufinyelela.