Uquqaba lwe Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kule bhulogi, kanye nezinye izindatshana eziningi zamathuluzi, isoftware, amaphrojekthi, njll. Kungaba nentshisekelo ukuqhubekela phambili ngesinyathelo esisodwa futhi ubonise izinhlobo zamasekethe kagesi yabaqalayo abaqala emhlabeni we-elekthronikhi nogesi.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, amaningi ala masekethe asetshenziswa cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela, kusuka kumadivayisi eselula owasebenzisa nsuku zonke, kuze kube lapho ucindezela inkinobho ekamelweni lakho ukuvula noma ukucisha ugesi, ukumisa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ukuqonda okungcono kancane ukuthi isebenza kanjani konke lokho, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde lo mhlahlandlela ...
Yini isifunda?
Un umjikelezo Yikho konke lokho okuphelele nokuvaliwe kwendlela noma indlela ezungeza okuthile. Isibonelo, ungaba nesekethe yokujaha, lapho izimoto zomncintiswano zijika khona; isifunda se-hydraulic, lapho kuzogeleza khona uketshezi; noma isifunda sikagesi, lapho kuzungeza khona ugesi.
Ukuze ukwazi ukusakaza, udinga i- okulingene okuphakathi, ngaphezu kochungechunge lwezinto ezikuvumelayo. Isibonelo, kuthrekhi yomjaho uzodinga umzila, owakwa-hydraulic udinga umsele, kuthi owugesi ube ngumqhubi ophethe i-current.
Yini isekethe kagesi?
Uma sigxila ku umjikelezo kagesi, yileyo ndlela noma indlela okugeleza kuyo amandla kagesi. Le ndlela ingaba yinde noma incane futhi inezinto eziningi noma ezingaphansi.
Isibonelo, enye ye- izifunda eziyisisekelo kakhulu okuvame ukunikezwa njengesibonelo imvamisa kuyibhethri, okuneswishi nebhalbhu elikhanyayo noma imoto. Yilokho okuyisisekelo kunazo zonke, kuyilapho kukhona ezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokufakwa kukagesi kwesakhiwo, noma ukujikeleza kwensimbi esebenza ngogesi.
Vele, kulolu hlobo lwesekethe kagesi, kuzoba nochungechunge lwamanani ahambisanayo. Okuyisisekelo kakhulu esesivele sikuvezile lapho sihlaziya umthetho ka-ohm: amandla kagesi, amandla nokumelana.
Isifunda se-elekthronikhi
Impela uyazibuza ngomehluko phakathi kukagesi nogesi, noma phakathi isifunda se-elekthronikhi nesekethe kagesi. Ngokomthetho, isekhethi kagesi ingasetshenziselwa womabili amacala, noma ngabe lapho icacisiwe futhi ikhuluma ngesekethe kagesi, imvamisa ibhekisa kuma-circuits amanje aqondile.
Isibonelo, sikhuluma ngesekethe kagesi lapho sikhuluma ngokufakwa kwendlu kagesi (okushintshayo okukhona manje) nangesifunda se-elekthronikhi (DC) lapho ubhekisa kwi-PC.
Noma kunjalo, ukuze ube okuningi ukhonkolo ngaphezulu:
- Ugesi: lapho ukugeleza kwamanje kulawulwa ngama-actuator athile, njengokushintshwa, ukushintshwa, njll. Kulezi zijikelezo ngokuvamile azikho izinto ezisebenzayo, kuphela izinto zokwenziwa (ukumelana, i-capacitor, i-transformer, i-diode, njll.)
- Ngogesi: lapho ukugeleza kwamanje kulawulwa enye isignali kagesi. Isibonelo, nge-transistor lapho kufakwa khona amandla esango ukuvumela noma cha ukugeleza phakathi komthombo nokudonsa. Lokho wukuthi, ukuze kubizwe kanjalo, kufanele okungenani kube nento eyodwa esebenzayo.
Ngamanye amagama, isekethe ye-elekthronikhi ingenye lapho ugesi uyakwazi ukulawula ugesi. Kepha kuzo zombili kungaba nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingajwayelekile: ama-transistors, ama-diode, isibani sokukhanya noma ama-LED, ama-resistor, amakhoyili / ama-inductors, ama-capacitors, njll.
Izinhlobo zamasekethe kagesi
I-Los izinhlobo zamasekethe kagesi kuya ngokuthi izinto zibekwe kanjani:
- Ngokulandelana: leso sifunda lapho imithwalo emibili noma ngaphezulu (isibani, i-LED, imoto, i-transistor, ...) ixhunywe ochungechungeni, okungukuthi, ngokulandelana. Ngokubangela ukuthi manje kugeleze izingxenye zesekethe ngendlela eyodwa.
- Ngokufana: kulokhu kuzoba lapho izingxenye zixhunywe ngokufana. Lokho wukuthi, kuzoba nezindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho ukugeleza kwamanje kungagudla khona. Kulokhu, uma enye yezinto ezikuchungechunge iyekile ukusebenza, ezinye zingaqhubeka nokuthola amandla.
- Kuxubile: zivame kakhulu, bese uxuba zombili izinto ochungechungeni nasezintweni ezifanayo.
Uma siya khona kunjani isekethe noma ukwakheka ukuthi ugesi uhamba, ungahlukanisa phakathi:
- Kuvaliwe: yileso sifunda esindlela yaso ivumela ukusakazwa kwamanje , okwenza inani lokugeleza lamanje lithembele kumthwalo.
- Vula: lapho kunesici esinesici noma umqhubi osikiwe, noma into ethile (enjenge-switch), ivimbela ukuthi igeleze manje.
- Isifunda esifushane: isifunda esifushane sibizwa ngokuthi yinto lapho zombili izingongolo (+ no -) zihlangana, okwenza isifunda siyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba kunento ethile eqhubayo phakathi kwamathrekhi abaqhubi noma izintambo, ngoba ukuminyana okuvikela abaqhubi sekonakele, njll.