Zonke izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa nezici

Izihloko zesikhathi esizayo zizochaza kabanzi izinhlobo zemishini ye-cnc ezikhona ngokomsebenzi wazo, njengezinsimbi, imishini yokugaya, irutha noma ukusika, ukuqopha, ukubhoboza, njll. Kodwa-ke, kulesi sihloko sizogxila ekwazini izinhlobo ngokusho kwezinto ezingasebenza ngazo, futhi nangokuvumelana nenkululeko yokuhamba abanayo, okungukuthi, ngokusho kwezimbazo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi ukusetshenziswa kanye namathuba azonikezwa ezinye izinhlobo zemishini ngokuya ngomsebenzi wazo.

Izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC

Njengoba ngike ngasho, la maqembu angahlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezimbalwa. Sizoshiya ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ngokwemisebenzi yazo yezindatshana ezizayo, njengoba kuzoba nokushicilelwa okunikezelwe ngokukhethekile kuhlobo ngalunye ngokujula. Lapha sizogxila ezindleleni ezimbili zokwenza ikhathalogi izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo ngokusho komsebenzi wayo.

Ngokusho kwezinto zokwakha

Ngokusho kwezinto zokwakha ezingasetshenziswa umshini we-CNC zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana. Kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi zingahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi akuzona zonke ezivumela zonke izinhlobo zemishini noma ngendlela efanayo.

Umshini we-CNC wensimbi

La cnc umshini wensimbi Yilowo amathuluzi akhe angasebenza nalolu hlobo lwezinto zokwakha kanye nama-alloys azo. Inani lezinto zensimbi umshini ongasebenza ngazo lizoncika kumodeli namathuluzi ongawaphatha. Kodwa ngokuvamile ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zemishini. Izinsimbi kanye nama-alloys ensimbi afanele umshini we-CNC kumele abe nezakhiwo ezithile zemishini ezihlanganisa amandla, ukuguquguquka, ubulukhuni, njll.

phakathi izinsimbi ethandwa kakhulu ku-CNC kugqame:

• I-Aluminium: iyinsimbi enenzuzo efanelekile yomshini we-CNC. Ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inamandla, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kumafasitela, iminyango, izakhiwo zezimoto, amasinki okushisa, njll. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-aluminium yilezi:
  • I-Aluminium 6061: ukumelana kahle nezimo zezulu, nakuba kungenjalo kakhulu kumakhemikhali namanzi anosawoti. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugqoka, iminyango, amafasitela, njll.
  • I-Aluminium 7075: i-ductile kakhulu, imelana, futhi imelana nokukhathala, yingakho ivame ukusetshenziselwa izimoto kanye nemboni ye-aerospace, nakuba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emshinini (akulula ukudala izingxenye ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi).
• Insimbi engagqwali: kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ihlanganisa izici ezinhle njengezindleko zayo eziphansi, ukumelana kwayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okungapheli. Ngokuqinisekile sizungezwe yizicucu zensimbi uma siqalaza esizungezile. Ku-CNC, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
  • 304: ivame kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya okuningi, kusukela ekumbozeni nasezakhiweni zezinto zikagesi, kuya ezitsheni zasekhishini, ngamapayipi, njll. Ine-weldability enhle kanye nokwakheka.
  • 303: Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokumelana nokugqwala, ubulukhuni nokuqina, le nsimbi efakwe isibabule isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-ekseli, amagiya, izesekeli zezimoto zazo zonke izinhlobo, njll.
  • 316: Kuyinsimbi eqine ngendlela emangalisayo futhi imelana nokugqwala, ngakho iwusizo kwezinye izifakelo zezokwelapha, embonini ye-aerospace, njll.
• Acero: Le alloy ye-iron-carbon ishibhile kakhulu, ngisho nangaphezu kwensimbi engagqwali. Ayinikezi ukumelana nokugqwala okufanayo, kodwa inezici ezifanayo kwezinye izici. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zemishini ye-CNC yilezi:
  • 4140 insimbi: insimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, kodwa ehlanganiswe ne-manganese, i-chromium ne-molybdenum. Igqama ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu nokukhathala, ukuqina, nokumelana nomthelela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iyathandeka kakhulu kwizicelo eziningi zezimboni, njengomkhakha wezokwakha.
• titanium: iyinsimbi ebiza kakhulu, kodwa inezici ezinhle kakhulu, ezifana ne-conductivity yayo ephansi yokushisa, ukumelana kwayo okuphezulu, nokukhanya kwayo, nakuba ingavumeli ukwenza imishini kube lula njengangaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo:
  • Ti6AI4V Ibanga lesi-5: Le alloy inesilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo, ukumelana kahle namakhemikhali nezinga lokushisa. Yingakho isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivezwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimila zezokwelapha, emkhakheni we-aerospace, nasezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma ze-motorsport.
• Latón: Le alloy yethusi ne-zinc ivumela umshini olula kakhulu, nakuba ingeyona enye yezinsimbi ezishibhile. Inokuqina okumaphakathi namandla aqine kakhulu okudonsa, okuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zikagesi, ezokwelashwa, nezezimoto.
• Copper: iyinsimbi evumela ukwenziwa kwemishini okuhle kakhulu, kodwa inezindleko eziphezulu. Izakhiwo zayo ziyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu ezimbonini zikagesi, zikagesi nezishisayo, njengoba iyikhondukta kagesi neyokushisa okukhulu. Isibonelo, izingxenye ezihambisa ugesi noma izisinki zokushisa zingenziwa, njengoba kwakunjalo nge-aluminium.
• magnesium: Ingenye yezinsimbi ezilula kakhulu umshini ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuwumshini. Iphinde ibe nokushibilika okuphezulu kwe-thermal, futhi ilula (35% ilula kune-aluminium), okwenza ibe yinhle ezingxenyeni zezimoto nezasemoyeni. I-drawback enkulu kakhulu ukuthi iyinsimbi evuthayo, ngakho-ke uthuli, ama-chips, njll, angavutha futhi abangele imililo. I-Magnesium ingashiswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-CO2 ne-nitrogen. Isibonelo esisetshenziselwa i-CNC yilesi:
  • I-AZ31: kuhle kakhulu kwebanga lemishini kanye ne-aerospace.
• abanye: Yiqiniso, kunezinye izinsimbi eziningi ezihlanzekile nama-alloys angenziwa ngomshini we-CNC, nakuba lezi zithandwa kakhulu.

Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama i-CAD yalezi zingxenye zensimbi, izici zalezi zinsimbi kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-CNC yokuyisebenza kufanele ibe namathuluzi afanele namandla adingekayo okwenza lokho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho machining metal by CNC ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe: ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe/izakhiwo ezidingekayo kanye nezindleko eziphelele (izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo + izindleko zomshini). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhloso yemishini eminingi ye-CNC iwukukhiqiza inani eliphezulu lezingxenye ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu nangesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ukulula kwensimbi umshini, isikhathi esincane kanye nezindleko ezizothatha, nakuba lokhu kuzoxhomeka ekuxazululeni kwengxenye.

Okokugcina, ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi kubalulekile futhi ukuqeda kanye nokucubungula ngemuva ezinganikezwa izinsimbi ngemva CNC machining. Isibonelo, ezinye izingxenye zizodinga ukupholishwa ukuze kukhishwe amamaki akhiqizwe amathuluzi e-CNC, ukususa ama-burrs ngemva kokusikwa, ukwelapha okungaphezulu (okufakwe amagalani, okupendiwe,...) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala noma ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, njll.

Umshini we-CNC wokhuni

Kukhona I izinkuni eziningi etholakala emakethe, okuhlanganisa i-particle board, MDF, plywood, njll. Izinkuni, ngokuvamile, zivumela ukwenza imishini elula, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukugaya, ukusika nokujika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto impahla kuqhathaniswa ezishibhile, futhi luningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvamisa ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi yemishini yasekhaya ye-CNC esetshenziswa abanye abenzi nabathanda i-DIY.

Abanye izibonelo zokhuni ukusebenzisana ne-CNC yilezi:

• izinkuni ezinzima: ngokuvamile ziyizinkuni ezingavamile ezinokuqina okukhulu kanye nekhwalithi. Ayabiza, kodwa okusanhlamvu kwawo okuqinile kuwenza amelane kakhulu nezicelo eziningi. Lezi zidinga amathuluzi aqinile naqinile ukuze zisebenze, futhi zingathatha isikhathi eside. Nokho, zingaba ngcono kunezithambile uma kuziwa emidwebeni eyinkimbinkimbi noma izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:
  • Fresno: Ukhuni olukhanyayo, olusindayo olunezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini njengokuqina nokuqina. Ingasetshenziselwa izihlalo, amatafula, izinti ze-hockey, amalulwane e-baseball, amarakhethi ethenisi, njll.
  • Haya: efana neyangaphambili mayelana nokumelana, kodwa iguquguquka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungakha izingcezu zefenisha ezinobunjwa obugobile ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Njengoba ingenaphunga, ingasetshenziselwa nezinkezo, amapuleti, izibuko, amabhodi okusika, njll. Yiqiniso, lolu godo alunconywa ukuba luqoshwe.
  • Birch: ilukhuni kakhulu, ifana neye-oki noma i-walnut. Umbala wayo ucacile, ayigobi kalula, inamandla amahle, futhi ibamba kahle izikulufu. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izakhiwo zefenisha.
  • okusamathunduluka: Inombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo ngokubomvu, amandla amahle, ayikhubazeki kalula, kulula ukuyiqopha, futhi iqinile. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziselwa imihlobiso eqoshiwe, ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo, njll. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe uma usebenza ngamathuluzi abuthuntu, ngoba angenza amamaki okusha ngenxa yokungqubuzana.
  • Olmo: Ukukhanya kuya kokumaphakathi okunsundu ngokubomvu, ukuqina okuphezulu, futhi kuhle kakhulu kumabhodi okusika, ifenisha, amaphaneli okuhlobisa, amalulwane e-hockey nezinti, njll. Kunjalo, ingonakala uma intambo yokuphotha ephansi isetshenziswa ukuyisika ngemicu yayo.
  • UMahogany: Idume kakhulu ngokubukeka kwayo nokuqina, enombala obomvu obomvu obomvu. Imelana kakhulu nokulimala kwamanzi futhi ifaneleka ukwakha izikebhe, izitsha, ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo, i-flooring (i-parquet), njll.
  • Maple: ingenye enzima kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa okuningi ngemva komshini. Ilungele amadeski, amatafula okusebenza, phansi, amabhodi okusika inyama, nezinye izinsimbi ezidinga ukumelana "nokuphathwa kabi."
  • Oak: izinkuni ezikwazi ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nomswakama nesimo sezulu, futhi zisindayo, kanye nokuthakazelisa ngokombono wobuhle. Yingakho ingasetshenziselwa ifenisha yangaphandle, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, njll. Ngenxa yezici zayo zokusanhlamvu, uzofuna ukwenza amaphasi angashoni ngokusikwa kwawo, futhi usebenzise kangcono abasiki be-carbide-tipped.
  • I-Walnut: Kuwukhuni olubizayo, olunombala onsundu onamandla. Kodwa iyamelana nokushaqeka, ilukhuni, ayishi kalula ngesikhathi somshini, nakuba amaphasi angajulile kufanele enziwe ukuze ukusikeka kugweme ukuphuka. Izicelo zalolu lwazi zingasuka ezitokisini zezibhamu, ziye emifanekisweni naseziqoshweni zosizo, ngokusebenzisa izitsha eziphendukile, ifenisha nezinsimbi zomculo.
• Izinkuni ezithambile: Ziyisinqumo esihle sabaqalayo noma izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC engenamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zishibhile futhi kulula ukuzithola, zingatuswa ngokubaza okunezindleko eziphansi. Baze babe nesinye isici esihle, nokuthi abadali ukuguga okungaka kumathuluzi. Kodwa-ke, azinazo izinto ezifanayo neziqinile. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:
  • Umsedari: Inephunga elimnandi, futhi ithoni emnandi ngokubomvu-nsunde, enamafindo angenza ukugaya kube nzima. Iyakwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukwenza ifenisha yangaphandle, izikebhe, uthango, izigxobo, njll. Ayishi kalula ngesivinini esinensayo somshini njengalezo eziqinile.
  • UCypress: inokumelana okuhle nokubola, ithambile, kulula ukusebenza nayo, nakuba inamafindo angenza kube nzima ukusebenza ngamabhulokhi amakhulu. Ingasetshenziselwa amakhabethe, ifenisha, amafasitela, ukunquma, kanye namapaneli.
  • Abeto: izinkuni ezisebenza kalula, ezinephethini engaguquki, zithambile, futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Naphezu kokungabi phakathi kwezinkuni eziqinile, ingasetshenziselwa phansi.
  • Pino: Kuwukhuni olushibhile, olunombala ophaphathekile nesisindo esincane. Ibamba umumo wayo kahle futhi ayinciphisi kakhulu. Kunzima ngokwanele ukwenza ukubaza imishini kube nzima. Ubude bokusika kufanele buncishiswe ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka, futhi isivinini esisheshayo sokuphotha kufanele sisetshenziswe ukuvimbela umonakalo.
  • I-Redwood: izinkuni ezinombala obomvu, zimelana kakhulu nokubola nokukhanya kwelanga. Kulula ukwenza umshini futhi umphumela ubushelelezi kakhulu. Kungaba ukukhetha okuhle kokuqopha, ukudala imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi, noma ezintweni ezizoba ngaphandle. Vele, amathuluzi abukhali kakhulu kufanele asetshenziswe ukugwema ukuqoshwa nokuklebhuka.
  • Abeto: Ingenye enzima kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum ye-softwoods. Ilula, kodwa iyakwazi ukubola. Kulula ukusebenza ngakho, futhi kuyathengeka. Kungaba kuhle njengamaphaneli, izinsimbi zomculo, ifenisha, njll.
  • MDF: Lesi sifinyezo sisho i-medium-density fiberboard, uhlobo lokhuni olwakhiwe (olwenziwa umuntu) olusetshenziselwa ifenisha, iminyango, njll. Ishibhile kakhulu njengoba yenziwa ngemfucuza yokhuni eqinile futhi ethambile ehlanganiswe nengcina namareyini. Iminyene kune-plywood futhi isebenza kalula, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuphuka kalula (isivinini sokuphakelayo nesokuphotha kufanele sanele, njengoba kushisa ngokushesha futhi singasha), futhi kuzoba nesiphetho esibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, ingaba nokuphikiswa okungcono endaweni eyodwa kunenye, into engeyinhle ezingxenyeni okufanele zibe namandla noma ezakhiweni. Enye imininingwane ebalulekile iwubuhle, ngoba ayinikezi okusanhlamvu kwezinkuni zemvelo, ngakho-ke idinga ukudweba, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamashidi okuhlobisa. Njengesixwayiso, tshela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinhle eziphefumulelwe ngesikhathi sezinqubo nge-MDF ziyingozi empilweni, ngoba akuyona nje izinkuni. Gqoka imaski.
  • ipulangwe: Yenziwe ngamashidi amaningi amancane okhuni ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Inesisindo esingaphansi kwezinye izinkuni eziqinile, futhi ingase ifanelekele amakhabethe alengayo, nezinye izinto ezingabizi kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu. Kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemishini ye-CNC, njengoba ijwayele ukushibhile

Kufanele futhi cabangela ezinye izici kubalulekile lapho ukhetha izinkuni ezifanele zephrojekthi yakho:

• Usayizi wokusanhlamvu: okusanhlamvu okuhle okwamapulangwe athambile, okusanhlamvu okumahhadla kungokuqinile. Okusanhlamvu kulula ukusigaya, kodwa esimahhadla sinikeza ubushelelezi obukhulu nesiphetho esingcono.
• umswakama: Iphazamisa ukuguquguquka nokuqina kokhuni, kanye nesiphetho ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kanye namazinga okuphakelayo ongawafinyelela. Okuhle kakhulu ukubaza ukhuni oluphakathi kuka-6-8% womswakama. Umswakama uzophinde unqume izinga lokushisa kwethuluzi phakathi nenqubo, futhi kuwo wonke umswakama ongu-1% okhuphukayo, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka cishe ngo-21ºC. Futhi, umswakama ophansi ungabangela ukuthi ingaphezulu lidabuke kakhulu futhi umswakama omningi ungabangela izindawo ezifiphele kakhulu.
• Amafindo: lezi yizindawo lapho amagatsha ajoyina khona i-trunk, futhi ngokuvamile anemicu ezinhlangothini ezahlukene futhi aqinile futhi amnyama. Uma usebenza ngomshini we-CNC, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokuqina kungabangela ukushaqeka kokulayisha, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise imingcele efanele noma usebenzise izikhombisi-ndlela ezigwema la mafindo.
• isilinganiso sokuphakelayo: i-feedrate lapho ithuluzi lidlula phezu kwendawo. Uma iphansi kakhulu ingabangela ukusha ebusweni bezinkuni, futhi uma iphakeme kakhulu ingabangela ama-splinters. Amamodeli amaningi emishini ngokuvamile anezilungiselelo ezihlukene zokusebenza ngezinto eziningi, ezinye zizodinga ukuthi uzilungise ngokwakho.
• AmathuluziQaphela: Ngaphezu kokukhetha imishini ye-CNC enezinsimbi zokuphotha ezikalwe okungenani ngu-1 kuya ku-1.5 hp (0.75 kuya ku-1.11 kW) ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini esifanelekile somshini wokhuni, ithuluzi elisetshenzisiwe (nokushintshwa lapho ligugile noma libuthuntu) nalo libalulekile:
  • ukusika ukukhuphuka: Asusa ama-chips abheke phezulu, futhi angadabula unqenqema olungaphezulu lwe-workpiece.
  • ukusika phansi: Baphushela ukhuni olusikiwe phansi, lunikeze unqenqema olubushelelezi olungaphezulu, kodwa lungabangela ukudabuka onqenqemeni olungezansi.
  • ukusika okuqondile: Azikho ku-engeli endaweni yokusika, ngakho zinikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokubili kwangaphambilini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, banakho ukuthi ijubane lokukhipha impahla alisheshi futhi bavame ukushisa kakhulu.
  • Ukucindezela: Iwuhlobo lwethuluzi elinobude bamamilimitha ambalwa futhi elingafinyelela ukusika liye phezulu noma phansi ngokulawula ukujula kokusika. Lokhu kuvumela amaphethelo abushelelezi aphezulu naphansi.

Ezinye izinto

Vele, kunemishini ye-CNC engasebenza ngezinto eziningi ngokushintshanisa amathuluzi. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC esukela ngaphezu kokhuni nensimbi. Ezinye izibonelo zezinto ezifanele i-CNC yilezi:

• Inayiloni: I-polymer ye-thermoplastic ye-low-friction engasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yensimbi kwezinye izimo. Kuyinto eqinile, eqinile, imelana nomthelela enokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi nokunwebeka ngokumangalisayo. Ingasetshenziselwa amathangi, izingxenye zikagesi, amagiya, njll.
• amagwebu: into engaba namanani ahlukene okuqina futhi ilula kakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.
• amanye amapulasitiki: njenge-POM, i-PMMA, i-acrylic, i-ABS, i-polycarbonate noma i-PC, ne-polypropylene noma i-PP, i-polyurethane, i-PVC, irabha, i-vinyl, irabha ...
• i-ceramics nengilazi: i-alumina, i-SiO2, ingilazi epholile, ubumba, i-feldspar, i-porcelain, i-stoneware, njll.
• Izicubu: i-fiberglass, i-carbon fiber…
• izinto eziningi: I-ACM noma ama-sandwich panel.
• Iphepha nebhodi lamaphepha
• imabula, i-granite, itshe, i-silicon...
• Isikhumba nezinye izindwangu

Ngokwezimbazo zabo

Izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC ngokwezimbazo zazo zizonquma inani lamadigri inkululeko yokuhamba kanye yinkimbinkimbi yezingcezu lokho kungasebenza Okugqame kakhulu yilezi:

3-eksisi CNC umshini

imishini 3 ekseni, noma imishini ye-CNC ye-3-eksisi, ivumela ithuluzi lomsebenzi ukuthi lisebenze ngobukhulu obuthathu noma izikhombisi-ndlela ezibizwa ngokuthi X, Y kanye no-Z. Lezi zinhlobo zemishini zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-2D, i-2.5D, ne-3D geometry. Imishini eminingi ye-CNC eshibhile ivamise ukuba nalokhu kumiswa kwe-eksisi, kanye nezimboni eziningi, njengoba ingenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukucushwa.

• X kanye no-Y eksisi: lezi zimbazo ezimbili zizosebenza ingxenye ngokuvundlile.
• I-eksisi kaZ: Ivumela ithuluzi amadigri aqondile enkululeko.

3-axis CNC machining kwaba ukuvela kokuphenduka okujikelezayo. I ingxenye izothatha indawo enganyakazi ngenkathi ithuluzi lokusika lihamba ngalezi zimbazo ezintathu. Ilungele izingxenye ezingenamininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukujula.

4-eksisi CNC umshini

imishini cnc 4 ekseni zifana nalezo zangaphambilini, kodwa i-axis eyengeziwe yengezwa ngokujikeleza kwengxenye. I-eksisi yesine ibizwa ngokuthi i-axis A futhi izojikeleza ngenkathi umshini ungasebenzi okokusebenza. Uma ingxenye isisendaweni efanele, kufakwa ibhuleki kuleyo eksisi futhi izimbazo ze-XYZ ziyaqhubeka nokufaka ingxenye ngomshini. Kunemishini ethile evumela i-XYZA ukuthi ihanjiswe kanyekanye, futhi yaziwa njengemishini eqhubekayo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC.

Lezi zinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC zingakha imininingwane eminingi kunalena eyedlule, futhi ingafaneleka izingxenye ezinemigodi, ama-arches, amasilinda, njll.. Lezi zinhlobo zemishini zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezimbili, njengokugqokwa kwegiya lezikelemu uma lisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi kungase kube khona ukudlalwa ku-shaft okungaphazamisa ukunemba noma ukwethembeka komshini ngenxa yokudlidliza.

5-eksisi CNC umshini

umshini cnc 5 ekseni isekelwe ethuluzini elinamadigri angu-5 enkululeko noma izikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukile. Ukwengeza ku-X, Y, no-Z, kufanele wengeze ukuzungezisa nge-eksisi engu-A njengaku-eksisi emine, kanye nenye i-eksisi eyengeziwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-eksisi B. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi angakwazi ukusondela engxenyeni kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngendlela eyodwa. ukusebenza, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubeka kabusha ingxenye phakathi kokusebenza. I u-a kanye no-b eksisi zizohloselwe ukusondeza ucezu lokusebenza eduze kwethuluzi elizohamba ku-XYZ.

Lezi zinhlobo zemishini zaqalwa ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, zivumela izinga eliphakeme lobunkimbinkimbi nokunemba okuphezulu. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, ucwaningo nentuthuko, izakhiwo, imboni yezempi, emkhakheni wezimoto, njll. Umphumela omkhulu ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-CAD/CAM kungaba nzima, futhi kuvame ukuba yimishini ebizayo futhi kudinga opharetha abanekhono eliphezulu.

Abanye (kufika kwezimbazo eziyi-12)

Umthombo: www.engineering.com

Ngaphezu kwe-axis engu-3, ​​4 no-5, kunezinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC enayo izimbazo eziningi, kuze kufike ku-12. Lena imishini ethuthuke kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• 7 izembe: Ikuvumela ukuthi udale izingxenye ezinde, ezincane ezinemininingwane eminingi. Kulezi zinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC sinezimbazo zokunyakaza kwesokudla ukuya kwesokunxele, phezulu-phansi, emuva-phambili, ukuzungezisa amathuluzi, ukuzungezisa izingcezu zokusebenza, ukuzungezisa ikhanda lamathuluzi, nokunyakaza kwe-clamp yomsebenzi.
• 9 izembe: Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa i-lathe ene-5-axis machining. Umphumela uba ukuthi ungakwazi ukuphenduka futhi ugaye ngezindiza eziningi ngokusethwa okukodwa, nangokunemba okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayidingi izesekeli zesibili noma ukulayisha ngesandla.
• 12 izembe: anamakhanda amabili e-VMC kanye ne-HMC, ngalinye livumela ukunyakaza kuzimbazo X, Y, Z, A, B kanye ne-C. Lezi zinhlobo zemishini zinikeza ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe nokunemba.

Kuye ngethuluzi

Kuye ngethuluzi efaka umshini we-CNC, singahlukanisa phakathi:

• ithuluzi nje: yilezo ezifaka ithuluzi elilodwa kuphela, kungaba i-drill bit, i-milling cutter, i-blade, njll. Eminye yale mishini ingakwazi ukwenza uhlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi kuphela, futhi ayikwazi ukushintshanisa ithuluzi yenze omunye. Abanye kungenzeka ukushintsha ithuluzi, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla.
• i-multitool ezenzakalelayo: banekhanda elinamathuluzi amaningana, futhi bona ngokwabo bangashintsha ukusuka kwelinye baye kwelinye ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba kudingeka.

Iyini irutha ye-CNC noma irutha ye-CNC

Un irutha noma i-cnc router isebenzisa ikhanda lethuluzi elifana nemishini yokugaya ye-CNC. Nokho, banokuthile okuhlukile kulokhu. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kudala ukudideka okukhulu, futhi abaningi babadidanisa nemishini yokusika ye-CNC ngokwabo, noma basebenzise leli gama njengelifanayo le-CNC milling.

Umehluko neminye imishini ye-CNC

Irutha ye-CNC isebenza ngokuphepha kakhulu.okufana nomshini we-CNC ofana ne-lathe noma umshini wokugaya. Ama-routers asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni iminyango embonini yezinkuni, phakathi kwabanye. Bangenza izinto eziningi, kusukela ekuqoshweni komnyango, ukuhlotshiswa kwamapaneli, okuqoshiwe okufana nezimpawu, ukubunjwa, i-cabinetry, njll. Eminye yomehluko ophawuleka kakhulu ngemishini yokugaya yile:

• Irutha ilungele ukudala amaphrofayili namashidi ngesivinini esikhulu. Lona omunye umehluko obalulekile, njengoba imishini yokugaya ye-CNC ayiklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokushesha okungaka.
• Ngokuvamile, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC isetshenziselwa ukugaya/ukusika izinto eziqinile (i-titanium, insimbi,…), kanye namarutha e-CNC ngezinto ezithambile (ukhuni, igwebu, ipulasitiki,…).
• Amarutha e-CNC avamise ukunemba kancane kunemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, kodwa azokuvumela ukuthi udale izingxenye eziningi ngesikhathi esincane.
• Umshini womzila we-CNC ushibhe kakhulu kunomshini wokugaya. Eminye imishini yomzila ethuthukisiwe ingabiza cishe u-€2000, kuyilapho umshini wokugaya we-CNC wekhwalithi efanayo ungabiza cishe u-€10.000.
• Amarutha e-CNC avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhanda nokusika izingxenye ezinkulu (iminyango, amapuleti,...).
• Ngokuqondene nomehluko phakathi kokusika kwe-CNC router, nokusika ngolunye uhlobo lomshini wokusika we-CNC, kukhona iqiniso lokuthi i-router isebenzisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwethuluzi layo ukwenza ukusika.
• Inkinga eyodwa nge-router yokusika ukuthi izomosha indawo engaphezulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokusika, ngoba wonke ububanzi be-drill bit noma i-milling cutter izolahleka.
• Irutha ye-CNC yenza kube lula ukusika ku-3D.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nayo inakho ukufana okuthile, njengabasiki bokugaya abasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi, okungatholakala futhi ngezimbazo eziningana, zezinto ezihlukahlukene (amagwebu, izinkuni, ipulasitiki,...), njll.

Izinhlobo zamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC

Umthombo: Fictive

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi we-CNC ezingafakwa phezu kwamakhanda omsebenzi. Uhlobo lwemishini umshini we-CNC ongayenza luzoncika kubo, kanye nokujula, i-radius yesenzo, isivinini sokusebenza, njll. Ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuso noma igobolondo sitrobheli: Kuvame kakhulu, futhi zilungele ukususa impahla endaweni ebanzi. Isibonelo, ngokulungiswa kokuqala kwengxenye.

• flat end Mill: elinye ithuluzi elijwayelekile elingabonakala ngobukhulu obuhlukene (ububanzi), futhi lingasetshenziswa ukusebenza izinhlangothi nangaphezulu kwesiqephu, kanye nokusika. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubhoboza imigodi.

• Isigayo esiyindilinga: kungolunye uhlobo lomsiki onephuzu eliyindilinga, elifana nedlule, kodwa elinomphetho oyindilinga kancane, kwezinye izinhlobo zokuqoshwa.

• ibhola bur: Iyindilinga ngokuphelele esiqongweni, ifana nesiphetho esiyindilinga, kodwa inomumo ophelele kakhulu. Ilungele izindawo ezikhonkwane ze-3D, futhi ngeke ishiye amakhona acijile njengamaphethelo ayisikwele.

• Ukushayela kancane: Ziyafana nama-drill, ithuluzi lokubhoboza, ukwenza izimbobo ezithenjiwe, ukulungiswa okunembayo, njll. Lawa mabhulashi angaba osayizi abaningi abahlukene.

• Abesilisa: uma wazi ama-dies, ukwenza intambo ebusweni bangaphandle besiqephu, abesilisa benza okufanayo kodwa ngaphakathi. Okusho ukuthi, ngenkathi ukufa kungasetshenziswa ukudala isikulufu, ompompi bangakha amantongomane.

• i-chamfer milling cutter: ifana ne-face milling cutter, kodwa ivamise ukuba mfishane futhi ibukhali ngandlela thile (banephuzu eli-engeli, kuye nge-chamfer oyifunayo, 30º, 45º, 60º, njll.). Lolu hlobo lwe-milling cutter lusetshenziselwa ukudala ama-chamfers emakhoneni. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe umshini wokubala osinki.

• i-serrated blade: kuwuhlobo lokusika ngendlela yediski yokusika engasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-undercuts noma ama-grooves, ngisho namanotshi amise okwe-T adlula ucezu.

• I-Longitudinal saw: Ifana neyangaphambili, kodwa inomehluko, futhi lokho ukuthi i-disc ngokuvamile incane ukusika ama-grooves ajulile noma ukuhlukanisa izingcezu. Futhi ngokuvamile babe nobubanzi obukhulu.

• I-Reamer: wuhlobo lwethuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukunweba izimbobo ezikhona ukuze zinikeze ububanzi obuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bashiya isiphetho esihle, futhi banokubekezelelana okungcono kunezinsimbi zokubhoboza.

• fly umsiki: Kuwuhlobo lwesisiki sokugaya esine-blade yokusika kuphela efakwe kubha. Leyo bha ingasuswa ukuze kwakhiwe ububanzi obuncane noma obuncane bokusika.

• Umsiki werediyasi wangaphandle: elinye ithuluzi elikhethekile lokwengeza irediyasi emaphethelweni angaphandle.

• ithuluzi lokuqopha: Asetshenziselwa ukuqopha izithombe, umbhalo noma uhlaka endaweni ethile.

• countersink ithuluzi: isetshenziselwa ukucwila phansi noma ama-chamfers.

• umsiki we-dovetail: iyithuluzi elinomumo othize okhethekile futhi elingenza i-undercut entweni.

Imingcele yokulawula ye-CNC

Okokugcina, kubalulekile futhi cyazi amapharamitha womshini eziphazamisa ukulawulwa kwale mishini ye-CNC. Uma ufuna ukwenza izibalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinsiza eziningi ezingakusiza, kusukela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivaysi eselula, ukuya kwisofthiwe ye-PC, ngokusebenzisa izibali ezithile eziku-inthanethi. Ezinye izibonelo ongazisebenzisela izilungiselelo ezifanele zamathuluzi akho e-CNC yilezi:

• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivayisi eselula e-Android ne-iOS:
  • I-CNC wokubala
  • I-Machining Calculator
  • I-Camcut
  • Amathuluzi e-Vortex
  • i-fswizard
• Izibali ezisekelwe kuwebhu eziku-inthanethi:
  • Ithuluzi le-GDP
  • I-CutterShop
  • I-FSWizard ye-Chrome
• Isoftware ye-CNC yePC:
  • Bona lapha

Imingcele ebalulekile yomshini

Kepha amapharamitha okufanele uyazi lapho ulawula umshini we-CNC yilezi:

Lezi yizo amanani ongayithola kumanuwali, isofthiwe, noma izibali zomkhiqizi womshini we-CNC, ukuze ulungise imingcele yohlobo lomshini (ngokuya ngemikhawulo yemodeli nezici zobuchwepheshe), impahla yethuluzi ngokwalo (bangaphula , bend , overheat,... uma zingafaneleki), kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo (zingase zikhiqize imishini empofu, amaphutha engxenyeni,...). Futhi yonke le mingcele iphinde ifakwe ku-G-Code, njengemiyalo ka-S yokuguqula i-RPM, isivinini sokuya phambili kusetshenziswa imiyalo ye-G-Code F, njll.

Ulwazi lomkhiqizi

Abakhiqizi bemishini ye-CNC bahlinzeka ngedatha ngesivinini sokusika, umthwalo we-chip, njll., yonke into imvamisa kuba kumanuwali eze nomshini, kunguqulo yedijithali yebhukwana ongayithola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yohlobo lomshini we-CNC. , noma futhi ama-data sheets akho. Qiniseka ukuthi eyemodeli yakho ethile, njengoba ingahluka phakathi kwamamodeli, naphezu kokuthi ivela emshinini ofanayo.

Kusukela kulezi datha kungenzeka izibalo ngesandla, usebenzisa amafomula akuthebula elingenhla, noma usebenzisa izibali eziku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma isofthiwe. Uma ungenayo idatha yomkhiqizi, unezinketho ezimbalwa:

• Sebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho ukukuqondisa, njalo uqale ngamavelu epharamitha alandelanayo ukuze ungaphoqi. Okusho ukuthi, uhlobo lokuzama nephutha. Emhlanganweni ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi indlela yokulalela nokulinganisa, okungukuthi, ukuhlola ukuthi umshini wenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele mayelana nokusika nokuqeda, nokulungisa imingcele ukuze wenze izilungiso ezidingekayo.
• Sebenzisa imanyuwali noma ithebula lamanani elivela komunye umkhiqizi onezici ezifanayo (D, inombolo yamazinyo, into,...).

Ulwazi oluningi

• Imishini ye-CNC: isiqondiso sokulawula izinombolo
• Usebenza kanjani umshini we-CNC kanye nezicelo
• I-Prototyping kanye ne-CNC design
• CNC lathe izinhlobo nezici
• Izinhlobo zemishini yokugaya ye-CNC
• Izinhlobo zerutha ye-CNC nokusika kwe-CNC
• Izinhlobo zokuqoshwa kwe-laser
• Eminye imishini ye-CNC: ukubhoboza, Khetha & Indawo, ukushisela nokunye
• Umshini we-CNC ungasiza kanjani enkampanini
• Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga: Ungakhetha Kanjani Umshini Ongcono Kakhulu we-CNC
• Ukugcinwa kwemishini ye-CNC
• Umhlahlandlela oqondile mayelana nabaqambi: yini isakhi futhi sisebenzelani
• Imishini engcono kakhulu ye-CNC yokungcebeleka nokusetshenziswa kochwepheshe
• Amapulani amahle kakhulu wokuphrinta
• Amacebo amahle kakhulu wokusika
• Izinto ezingcono kakhulu zokusetshenziswa zababumbi: amakhatriji, iphepha, i-vinyl, nezingxenye ezisele