El I-LM7805 isilawuli sevolthi, kodwa hhayi ukudideka nesihlukanisi samandla kagesi esivele sikhulume ngayo kwesinye sezihloko zethu zangaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona nje noma iyiphi i-voltage regulator, kepha ingesinye sezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabenzi nakumaphrojekthi we-DIY azo zonke izinhlobo. Umsebenzi wawo, njengoba igama lawo liphakamisa, ukulawula isignali yamandla wesifunda lapho ihlanganiswe khona.
Ingxenye engabaluleki kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile, inikezwa amaphrojekthi amaningi. Kepha lokho impela kubalulekile uma ufuna isignali yamandla kagesi ezinzile. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-LM7805 lapho sakha amandla wesekethe yamasekethe ethu. Isibonelo, ukudala ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzenzela okunezici ezithile, enye yalezi zilawuli akufanele ilahleke.
Yini umlawuli we-voltage?
Un i-voltage noma i-voltage regulator efana ne-LM7805 iyithuluzi elikwazi ukuguqula isignali yamandla kagesi ithola kokufakwayo futhi ithumele isignali yamandla ehlukile lapho ikhipha. Kulokho okukhiphayo, i-voltage ivame ukwehla futhi inezici ezithile ezidingekayo ukugwema ubungozi noma isifunda lapho ifakwa khona ukuthi isebenze kahle, uma izwela ukwahluka kwamandla.
Ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke, umlawuli we-voltage une isifunda sangaphakathi esinochungechunge lwama-resistors nama-transistors i-bipolar exhunywe ngendlela yokuthi ivumela ukucubungula kahle isignali yamandla kagesi ngendlela efanelekile. Ungabona isekethe langaphakathi elihlanganiswe nephakeji lale divayisi esithombeni esingenhla.
Emakethe kunama-voltage regulators amaningiyebo, iningi lazo lishibhile impela. Ngaphandle kwe-LM7805 uzothola i-7809, 7806, 7812, njll., Evela emndenini we-78xx. Yize kule ndatshana sizogxila ku-7805, yokuba ngomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu.
La umehluko phakathi kwesilawuli sevolthi nesihlukanisi ukungezwani kucacile. Umhlukanisi uhlukanisa amandla wokufaka abe ngamanani amancane aphansi kunokukhipha kwawo, kepha awalungisi isignali yamandla kagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumlawuli we-voltage, kutholakala i-voltage efanayo lapho ikhishwa, kepha ngesiginali inembe kakhulu kunaleyo etholwe kokufakwayo kwayo.
Izicelo zokulawula i-Voltage
Njengoba ungacabanga, i-IC efana ne-LM7805 ingasetshenziselwa izinto eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpahla zikagesi imvamisa bahlanganisa nolunye lochungechunge lwama-78xx. Eqinisweni, amandla kagesi, njengoba sichazile endatshaneni edlule, akhiwe ngezigaba eziningana:
- Inguquko: kungenzeka ukuguqula amandla kagesi wokufaka ka-220v uwahambise afanele kwangu-12, 6, 5, 3, 3.3 noma yiliphi inani.
- Ukulungisa ibhuloho: ngaleso sikhathi leso siginali sizoba namandla afanele, kepha sizoqhubeka nokuba yisiginali ehlukile, ngemuva kokudlula kuleli bhulogi isignali engemihle iyagwenywa.
- Ama-Capacitors: manje isignali inesimo sezindunduma, okungukuthi, kweminye imizwa yamandla kagesi lapho kudlula i-capacitor kuzosheleliswa, cishe kube umugqa oqondile.
- Umlawuli wempi: ekugcineni, umlawuli uzocwenga lesi siginali ukuze asenze sibe flat ngokuphelele futhi sizinze, okungukuthi, ukusenza isignali yamanje eqondile.
Okunye isibonelo sohlelo lokusebenza yesilawuli sevolthi kungaba ukondla amasekethe athile ahlanganisiwe angenakondliwa ngesiginali eyeqa isibalo esithile. Isibonelo, cabanga ngenzwa noma i-chip engakwazi ukudlula amandla we-3.3v. Yebo, kuleli cala, umlawuli angasetshenziswa ukugwema izingozi zokweqa lowo mngcele. Onke amandla weqile achithwa njengokushisa yi-78xx.
7805: i-pinout ne-datasheet
Kukhona abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene be-LM7805, njenge-STMicroelectronics, TI, Sparkfun, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakuthola kokubili kwiphakeji yayo yendabuko nakwimodyuli ukwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa kumaphrojekthi akho ne-Arduino. Ngokuya ngemodeli oyithengile, ngikweluleka ukuthi ungene kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi ukuze uhlole izici ku- imininingwane ethile imodeli. Khumbula ukuthi yize zifana zonke, kungahle kube nezinguquko kusuka komunye umkhiqizi kuye komunye.
Uma uyithenga ngephakheji ye-TO-220, uzothola i-pin-pin engu-3. Zibaliwe kanti eyodwa iyahambelana nokufakwa kwamandla kagesi ofuna ukuwalinganisa, amabili aphakathi nendawo yi-GND noma umhlabathi (ojwayelekile), iphini lesithathu elokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi asevele elawulwa, okungukuthi, isignali ezinzile yokuthi sizosebenzisa ukunikezela kwesekethe elizwelayo esifuna ukwenza umsebenzi. Kepha kuzofanele ungeze okunye okungeziwe njengama-capacitors njengoba kunconyiwe ngumenzi ukuze umphumela wenele.
Endabeni yemodyuli, kuyabiza kakhulu, kepha kungenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu kuwe. Kubandakanya idivayisi engu-7805 kanye nezinye izinto ozenzayo bazokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ne-Arduino. Awudingi ama-capacitors athe xaxa noma yini enye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi i-heatsink yokugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele ngokusabalalisa ukushisa okwenziwe yi-78xx namakhadi amabili wokuxhuma kokufaka nokukhiphayo (i-Vcc ne-GND ekugcineni ngakunye), okwenza kube lula ukuqaliswa kwayo.
Amanye amamodeli
I-Las umehluko phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukahlukene atholakala ochungechungeni lwama-78xx wezilawuli zamandla kagesi kulula. Isibalo esihamba nalo mndeni sikhombisa amandla aphezulu asekelwa umlawuli ngamunye. Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-LM7805: 5v ne-1A noma i-1,5A kwezinye izimo.
- LM7806: 6v
- LM7809: 9v
- LM7812: 12v
Ukuthenga kuphi
Uma ufuna ukuyithenga, unayo ku-Amazon, ngaphezu kwezinye izitolo ezikhethekile ze-elekthronikhi. Izinhlobo ezimbili ongazithenga yilezi:
- Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele. Ngephakethe TO-220 nge- € 4 ungathenga i-10 yalezi zinsiza.
- LM7805 kumodyuli ngaphansi nje kwe- € 6 ngeyunithi ngayinye.
Njengoba ubona, kunjalo amadivayisi ashibhile impela...
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino
Uma ucabanga ngakho hlanganisa neprojekthi ne-Arduino noma i-Raspberry Pi noma olunye uhlobo lwebhodi, Akunankinga. Ngeke kudingeke usebenzise imitapo yolwazi ethile njengakwamanye amamojula, futhi awudingi ukufaka ikhodi eyengeziwe ku-Arduino IDE yakho, ngoba le 78xx iyazenzela futhi imane nje izinikele ekuguquleni isignali yokufaka kagesi. Kufanele ube nolwazi oludingekayo lwe-elekthronikhi ukulibeka endaweni efanelekile kusifunda sakho ...
Sanibonani nonke. Ngakha umjikelezo onikwa amandla yiphaneli yelanga elincane (12 V, 10 W). Iphaneli yelanga ixhunywe ebhethrini kanye nesekethe ehlukile yokukhanyisa kwe-LED elawulwa yi Arduino Uno. Njengoba ngingafuni ukuthi ibhethri ishaje ngokuqhubekayo (inqobo nje uma kunokukhanya kwelanga) ngifuna ukuxhuma ibhethri elishiwo kokokufaka kwe-analog ye-Arduino, ngehlise okokufaka ku-5 V. nge-LM7805. Inhloso yalokhu okokufaka ukwenza kusebenze noma ukuvala i-relay okuzoba nesibopho sokuvala isifunda sebhethri yephaneli yelanga ngokuya nge-voltage enayo ngokokufaka kwe-analog, okungukuthi, lapho ibhethri lidlula i-voltage encane, i-relay yenziwe yasebenza, ukuze iqale ukushaja futhi isebenzisa iphaneli yelanga. Kodwa umbuzo wami ukuthi ngabe ukwehlisa i-voltage yebhethri exhunywe ku-LM7805 nakho kwehlisa okukhiphayo (yilokho engikudingayo, ukuze kwehle futhi). Ngine-LM2596 Step Down kodwa kusobala ukuthi ayingisebenzeli ngoba izohlala inika u-5 V ekuphumeni. Ngingakwazi ukuyithola nge-LM7805? Ngiyabonga kakhulu kusengaphambili.