I-HC-SR04: konke mayelana nenzwa ye-ultrasonic

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka Linganisa amabanga futhi unezinzwa eziningi onazo. Sesivele sinikezele ngendatshana ezokhuluma nge inzwa yokucaca okuphezulu njenge-VL52L0X. Le nzwa yayiwuhlobo lwe-ToF futhi yayisuselwa kuzilinganiso eziqondile kakhulu ngenxa ye-laser yayo. Kepha uma ukucacisa kungabalulekile kangako kuwe futhi ufuna okuthile okukuvumela ukuthi ukale amabanga ngentengo ephansi, elinye ithuba lokuthi onayo ezandleni zakho yi-HC-SR04.

Endabeni Inzwa yebanga le-HC-SR04, ibanga likalwa nge-ultrasound. Uhlelo lufana nendlela ebonakalayo ye-VL52L0X. Okusho ukuthi, kukhishwa, kukhona ukubhampa futhi kuyatholwa, kepha kulokhu esikhundleni sokuba yi-laser noma i-IR, kuyi-ultrasound. Uma uthanda i-electronics, i-robotics noma umenzi we-amateur, ungayisebenzisela ubuningi bamaphrojekthi we-DIY afana nezinhlelo zokuthola izithiyo zamarobhothi, izinzwa zobukhona, njll.

Yini i-HC-SR04?

Yebo, kusobala, njengoba sengivele ngiphawulile ezigabeni ezedlule, I-HC-SR04 iyinzwa yebanga elinemba ngokunemba ngokususelwa ku-ultrasound. Ngayo ivumela ukukala amabanga ngendlela elula futhi esheshayo, yize ngokwesisekelo akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa lokho. Imvamisa, isetshenziswa njenge-transducer ukuthola izithiyo nokuzivikela ngezinye izindlela ezihambisana nokuphendula kwenzwa.

Ukubukeka kwe- I-HC-SR04 yehluke kakhulu futhi iyabonakala kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ethandwayo kumakhithi okuqala we-Arduino futhi edingekayo kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Kukhonjwa kalula ngoba "unamehlo" amabili empeleni angamadivayisi e-ultrasound ahlanganiswa yile module. Enye yazo i-emitter ye-ultrasound kanti enye iyisamukeli. Isebenza kumvamisa we-40 Khz, ngakho-ke ayizwakali kubantu.

Izimiso zenzwa ye-ultrasonic

Isiqalo lapho Kususelwa ekulingiseni okusetshenziswe lapho uphonsa itshe emthonjeni ukukala ukujula kwalo. Uphonsa itshe nesikhathi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi liwele phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho wenza izibalo zejubane zesikhathi esidlulile bese uthola ibanga elihanjwe yitshe. Kepha kuleso simo inzwa nguwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-ESP8266: imodyuli ye-WIFI ye-Arduino

Ku-HC-SR04, umthumeli uzokhipha i-ultrasound futhi lapho beshaya into noma isithiyo ngendlela abazobanjwa ngayo ngumamukeli. I- isekethe izokwenza izibalo ezidingekayo yalowo echo ukunquma ibanga. Lokhu futhi kungajwayeleka kuwe uma wazi uhlelo olusetshenziswa ezinye izilwane ezifana namahlengethwa, imikhomo noma amalulwane ukuthola izithiyo, inyamazane, njll.

Ngokubala isikhathi selokhu kuthunyelwe i-pulse kuze kutholakale impendulo, isikhathi ngakho-ke ibanga linganqunywa ngokunembile. Khumbula ukuthi [Isikhala = isikhathi sejubane] kepha esimweni se-HC-SR04, kufanele uhlukanise lobungako ngo / 2, ngoba isikhathi silinganisiwe kusukela lapho i-ultrasound iphuma futhi ihamba emkhathini ize ifike kusithiyo nasendleleni ebuyayo, ngakho-ke uhhafu walokhu ...

I-pinout nama-datasheet

Usuvele uyazi ukuthi ukubona idatha ephelele yemodeli oyitholile, into engcono kakhulu ukuthi thola i-datasheet ukhonkolo womkhiqizi. Isibonelo, nansi ifayili le- I-Sparkfun datasheet, kepha kukhona okuningi okutholakala nge-PDF. Kodwa-ke, nayi imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu ye-HC-SR04:

• UkuphinaIzikhonkwane ezi-4 zamandla (i-Vcc), i-trigger (i-Trigger), isamukeli (i-Echo) nomhlabathi (i-GND). I-trigger ikhombisa ukuthi inzwa kufanele isebenze nini (lapho i-ultrasound yethulwa), ngakho-ke kuzokwazi ukwazi isikhathi esidlulile lapho umamukeli ethola isinali.
• Ukudla: 5 V
• Imvamisa ye-Ultrasound: 40 Khz, indlebe yomuntu ingezwa kuphela kusuka ku-20Hz kuye ku-20Khz. Konke okungaphansi kwe-20Hz (infrasound) nangaphezulu kwama-20Khz (ultrasound) ngeke kubonakale.
• Ukusetshenziswa (standby by): <2mA
• Ukusetshenziswa kuyasebenza: I-15mA
• I-engeli ephumelelayo: <15º, kuya ngama-engeli ezinto ungaba nemiphumela engcono noma emibi kakhulu.
• Ibanga elilinganisiwe: kusuka ku-2cm kuya ku-400cm, yize kusuka ku-250 cm isinqumo ngeke sibe sihle kakhulu.
• Isixazululo esimaphakathi: 0.3 cm ukwahluka phakathi kwebanga langempela nesilinganiso, ngakho-ke yize kungathathwa njengokunembe kakhulu njenge-laser, izilinganiso zamukelekile ezinhlelweni eziningi.
• Intengo: kusuka cishe ku- € 0,65

Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino

para ukuyixhuma ku-Arduino bekungeke kube lula. Kumele uphathe ukuxhuma i-GND kokukhiphayo okuhambisanayo kwe-Arduino yakho emakwe kanjalo, i-Vcc ne-Arduino 5v ugesi kanye nezinye izikhonkwane ezimbili ze-HC-SR04 ngemiphumela / imiphumela ekhethelwe iphrojekthi yakho. Uyabona ukuthi kulula esikimini esiphezulu seFritzing ...

Kumele ube nokucatshangelwa okukodwa, ukuthi i-tigger kufanele ithole ukushaya kukagesi okungenani ama-microseconds ayi-10 ukuze isebenze kahle. Phambilini kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi kunani eliphansi.

Ngokuqondene ne ikhodi ye-Arduino IDE, Awudingi ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi umtapo wezincwadi noma yini efana naleyo enezinye izinto. Vele wenze ifomula ukubala ibanga nokunye okuncane ... Vele, uma ufuna iphrojekthi yakho yenze okuthile ngokuphendula ukukala kwenzwa ye-HC-SR04, kuzofanele ungeze ikhodi oyidingayo. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokumane ukhombise izilinganiso kukhonsoli, ungenza ama-servomotor aqonde kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye amabanga athile ukugwema isithiyo, noma imoto ime, i-alamu ezocushwa lapho ithola ukusondela, njll. .

 Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nezinhlelo: Ibhukwana le-Arduino (i-PDF yamahhala)

Isibonelo, ungabona lokhu ikhodi eyisisekelo ongayisebenzisa njengesisekelo:

//Define las constantes para los pines donde hayas conectado el pin Echo y Trigger
const int EchoPin = 8;
const int TriggerPin = 9;
 
void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600);
   pinMode(TriggerPin, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT);
}

//Aquí la muestra de las mediciones
void loop() {
   int cm = ping(TriggerPin, EchoPin);
   Serial.print("Distancia medida: ");
   Serial.println(cm);
   delay(1000);
}

//Cálculo para la distancia
int ping(int TriggerPin, int EchoPin) {
   long duration, distanceCm;
   
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);  //para generar un pulso limpio ponemos a LOW 4us
   delayMicroseconds(4);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, HIGH);  //generamos Trigger (disparo) de 10us
   delayMicroseconds(10);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);
   
   duration = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH);  //medimos el tiempo entre pulsos, en microsegundos
   
   distanceCm = duration * 10 / 292/ 2;   //convertimos a distancia, en cm
   return distanceCm;
}