Uma ufuna ukuhlomisa amaphrojekthi wakho we-DIY Arduino ngekhono lokuthola ukusondela noma ukunyakaza futhi ngokususelwa kulokho yenza uhlobo oluthile lwesenzo, njengokubhalisa umcimbi, ukukhanyisa ilambu, ukucisha i-alamu, yenza kusebenze imoto ye-DCnjll, lapho-ke kufanele yazi inzwa ye-HC-SR501.
Este inzwa isebenzisa i-IR, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa ezifanayo, futhi kulo mhlahlandlela ngizozama ukuchaza konke odinga ukukwazi ukuqala ukukusebenzisa kusuka ekuqaleni. Kusuka kuzici zayo, ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-HC-SR501 nge ibheji lakho Arduino UNO. Konke ngendlela ephathekayo yokwenza kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Yini i-HC-SR501 kanye nomgomo wokusebenza
El I-HC-SR501 uhlobo lwenzwa yokunyakaza, inzwa ye-PIR equkethe izinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inedivayisi ekhipha isignali yokwehlukanisa phakathi kwayo namanye amasensa, okuzoba yiyo esebenze isignali ye-alamu empeleni.
Lokhu kutholakala nge isifunda esihlanganisiwe BISS0001, equkethe ama-amplifiers okusebenza kanye ne-interface eyengeziwe kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodyuli ivumela ukulungiswa okumbili kwemisebenzi yayo, eyodwa eyokuzwela kwebanga lokutholwa kwe-PIR ngamanye ama-potentiometer. Esinye isici yikhono lokuthola ukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo, yize kungavunyelwe efektri.
Lowo msebenzi wokugcina uvame ukusetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlelo ukuze bavule ukukhanya kwesistimu lapho kutholwa ukunyakaza, kepha ukukhanya kwe-ambient akuphezulu, okungukuthi, uma kusebusuku.
Endabeni ye-HC-SR501, inebanga lokuthola ukunyakaza elinebanga le- 3 kuya ku-7 amamitha kude, kanye nokuvulwa kwe-PIR kuze kufike ku-90 no-110º. Lolo uhla oluhle, olukuvumela ukuthi lufakwe lapho uludinga khona, njengodonga, uphahla, phansi, njll.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inzwa ye-PIR imbozwe uhlobo lwedome elimhlophe, yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi Ilensi yeFresnel. Ibizwa ngokuthi ngumqambi waseFrance nososayensi u-Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Ngenxa yakho, kungenzeka ukwakha ukuvula okukhulu namalensi amafushane okugxila ngaphandle kwesisindo nenqwaba yento okufanele isetshenziswe ngelensi ejwayelekile.
Futhi lokho kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwalokhu lens yasungulwa ngo-1822, futhi okulandelayo iphethini engaphezulu ongayibona esithombeni, efana nebhola yegalufu. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kwaklanywa, amadivayisi amaningi asetshenzisiwe, kufaka phakathi i-HC-SR501.
Izici ze-HC-SR501
El Imodyuli ye-HC-SR501 IR inzwa ephansi, encane ne ngomunye wobuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu yazo zonke izinzwa zokunyakaza zamanje. Ngama-potentiometer ayo amabili nejumper ehlanganisiwe, amapharamitha ayo angaguqulwa kalula, awavumelanise nakho konke ukuzwela nezidingo zebanga, ngisho nesikhathi sokuvula nesikhathi sokuphendula.
I-Las Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kwalokhu HC-SR501 yile:
- Iqukethe i-PIR LH1778 kanye nomlawuli we-BISS0001
- Amandla kagesi: 5 kuya ku-12v
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: <1 mA
- Ibanga lobubanzi: 3 kuya ku-7 m eguquguqukayo
- Ukuthola i-engeli: 110º
- Amasethingi: esebenzisa ama-potentiometer ama-2 ebanga lokutholwa nesikhathi esisebenzayo se-alamu. I-jumper ingeza ikhono lokumisa ukukhishwa kwe-alamu ngemodi eyodwa-ephindaphindwayo noma ephindaphindwayo noma ehlehlisayo. Okukhiphayo kwe-alamu kungalungiswa ngezikhathi eziphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3 kanye nemizuzu emi-5.
- 1 (esithombeni): jikela kwesokudla njengoba kusesithombeni ukusetha kusuka kumasekhondi ama-3 kuye kumizuzu emi-5.
- 2 (esithombeni): jikela ngakwesokunxele njengoba kusesithombeni ukulungisa ibanga ukusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kumamitha ayi-3 aphezulu.
- 3 (esithombeni): i-jumper ukulungisa i-trigger. Lapho i-jumper ifakwa kuzikhonkwane ezimbili ezingaphandle ezibonwe kulo mfanekiso, lapho-ke izolungiswa njenge-1 shot eyodwa. Futhi uma kungaphakathi kokuphakathi impela, imodi ephindaphindwayo iyasebenza. Lokho wukuthi, kunezikhonkwane ezi-3, uma kungaphandle nangaphakathi kukhona umsebenzi we-mono, futhi uma usephini ophakathi nendawo nangaphakathi kwe-PCB kuzoba okuphindaphindwayo.
- Isikhathi sokuqalisa: ngemuva kokuqala ukufaka amandla imodyuli ye-HC-SR501, kufanele kudlule okungenani iminithi eli-1 ngaphambi kokuthi kusebenze.
- Ukusebenza kokushisa okusebenzayo: -15ºC kanye + 70ºC
- Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: bona i-pinout ne-datasheet
Khumbula ukuthi lezi izinzwa zokwenziwa Zilungele amaphrojekthi akho, zizoqala kuphela uma zibona ukusondela, okwamanje zizohlala endlebeni engenzi lutho. Futhi ungayithola kalula, ngoba i-HC-SR501 ine- i-pinout elula:
- Vcc ukunikeza amandla.
- I-GND ukuxhuma emhlabathini.
- Okukhiphayo kokukhipha kwenzwa.
Ngokuqondene ne iziqu ezimbili engikucaphune ngaphambilini, zingalungiswa njengoba ngishilo vele. Engingakakuchazanga izindlela zokudubula yi-jumper:
- H (ukwenza kusebenze kabusha)- Okukhiphayo kuhlala kuphezulu lapho inzwa ishukunyiswa, okungukuthi, igcina amandla aphezulu lapho ithola ukunyakaza noma ukusondela, futhi ikwenza kaninginingi. Izokwehla lapho inzwa ingasebenzi.
- L (evamile): okukhiphayo kukhuphuka kusuka kokuphansi okuphezulu lapho kwenziwa kwasebenza. Ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kubangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphindaphindwe kakhulu.
Aplicaciones
I-PIR isekelwe emisebeni esezingeni eliphansi ye-infrared. Into ishisa kakhulu, lapho ikhipha i-IR eyengeziwe. Yilokho lolu hlobo lwenzwa olususelwe kulo, ngoba abantu, izinto nezilwane zikhipha ukushisa futhi ngakho kungalinganiswa ukwazi ukuthi zisondele noma cha.
Ngalesi simiso esilula ingaqaliswa kusuka eminyango evuleka ngokuzenzakalela, ama-escalator aqala lapho kutholwa ukusondela, ama-alamu acushiwe uma ethola ubukhona, amalambu akhanyisa lapho ethola ubukhona bakho, njll. Inani lezicelo liphakeme kakhulu ...
Lokhu kuhlanganiswe ne-Arduino namanye amadivayisi amaningi njengemodyuli yokuxhuma, kungathunyelwa Izexwayiso ze-Intanethi, futhi uphinde unwebe amandla ngokwenza ukutholwa kobukhona kuqale umsebenzi ukude. Ngikhuluma ngalokhu Imodyuli ye-ESP8266-01 noma okufanayo ...
Okunye isincomo es sebenzisa i-relay ukwenza kusebenze izakhi zamandla aphezulu, njengemoto yesicabha, isibani sokukhanya, njll.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HC-SR501 ne-Arduino
para uyihlanganise nebhodi yakho ye-Arduino IDE, Ungabona isifundo sethu sokuhlela ukuthola eminye imininingwane. Kodwa-ke, ngikukhombisa ikhodi elula yokudweba ongaqala ngayo ukubona ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela eyisisekelo, futhi kancane kancane ushintshe ikhodi yokuqala bese ungeza izinto kuphrojekthi yakho ukuze isebenze ngokuphelele.
El ikhodi yomthombo eyisibonelo kungaba kanjena:
//Ejemplo básico con el HC-SR501
byte sensorpir 8; //Pin del salida del sensor que está como salida.
byte led=13; //Puedes conectar un LED en el 13 para ver el efecto visual cuando se activa al detectar presencia
void setup()
{
pinMode(sensorpir, INPUT); //Declaramos pines E/S
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); //Configuramos la velocidad del monitor serial
}
void loop)
{
if(digitalRead(sensorpir)== HIGH)
{
Serial.println("Movimiento detectado");
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(led , LOW);
}
}