I-Potentiometer: konke okufanele ukwazi

potentiometer

El potentiometer akuyona nje into ephikisayo ongakwazi ukuyilungisa. Lolu hlobo lwe Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi, njenge- dimmer switch. Endabeni yesicelo esiphindaphindwayo ne-Arduino, imvamisa kuyimeshi enhle yezikrini ze-LCD, lapho ungalawula khona ukukhanya okufanayo nayo.

Uma unesifiso wazi okwengeziwe ngale nto, nansi inkomba ephelele yokufunda izisekelo ukuqala ukuyisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi wakho wesikhathi esizayo nokubhala umdwebo wakho wokuqala I-Arduino ukuhlola ukuthi ingasebenza kanjani ...

Yini i-potentiometer?

ukusebenza

Un potentiometer iyinto kagesi efana ne- ama-resistors noma ama-resistors ajwayelekile, kodwa ngenani eliguqukayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula ukuqina kwamanje okudlula esifundeni esixhunywe kuso ngokufana, noma ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla kagesi uma kungenzeka kuxhunywe ochungechungeni.

I-potentiometer ifana nokusalela emuva, ngomehluko wokuthi ukusala kusa amandla amaningi futhi kusetshenziswa kuma-circuits amanje aphezulu.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i- izinto eziphikisayo yobude obuthile. Futhi ngesikhombisi, okuzoba yiso esingasetshenziswa ngesandla, sizoyenza ihambisane nezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziphikisayo. Njengoba isikhombisi sixhunywe ngogesi kokukhiphayo, kuzodala ukuthi okwamanje kudlule kubude obukhulu (ukumelana okungaphezulu) noma ubude obufushane (ukumelana okuncane).

Lapho ivalwe ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, ubuncane bokuhamba, khona-ke sithola okuphezulu amandla kagesi ekuphumeni (lowo osemnyango). Ngenkathi ivulekile ngokuphelele, ekugcineni kohambo, ubuncane buzotholakala. Esimweni esimaphakathi, kungaba yi-voltage kokukhiphayo okungahambelana nengxenyana yalokho kulokho kokufaka.

Aplicaciones

Itafula le-DJ, noma umxube

I-Las izinhlelo zokusebenza we-potentiometer ahlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi osukwini lwakho nosuku usebenzisa eziningi zalezi zinto cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Kumishini yomsindo, uke wabona izinkinobho ezidumile noma ama-actuator ajikelezayo okulawulwa ngawo ivolumu, isibonelo. Noma futhi kuma-equalizer, njll. Lawa wonke ama-potentiometer.
  • Ekukhanyeni uzoyibona ngokukhanya okulula kokukhanya, kushintsha amandla ama-bulbs.
  • Zingasetshenziswa njengezinzwa, ngoba ukunyakaza kwe-angular okusebenza kuzo kuzodala ukumelana ngakho-ke amandla wegesi ahluke. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokulinganisa uhlelo nokulinganisa umphumela, kunganqunywa ukuthi ihambe kangakanani.
  • Zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto zokulawula.

Izinhlobo zama-potentiometers

uphawu lwe-potentiometer pinout

Kuneziningana izinhlobo ze-potentiometersnoma kungezona zonke ezisebenza kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

  • Ukuhluka okuhlukile kwe-potentiometer: luhlobo ukumelana kwalo okuzohluka ngokulingana, okungukuthi, ngokulingana ne-angle yokujikeleza. Lokho kusho ukuthi, kulolu hlobo lwe-potentiometer, lapho isigamu sohambo sesimboziwe, kuzoba nokuphikiswa okungu-50%. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu, futhi yilelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa ne-Arduino nakumasekethe amaningi, ama-dimmers, njll.
  • Ukwehluka kwe-logarithmic potentiometer: kuleli cala, lizohluka ngokulingana ngokwe-angle yokujikeleza, ngakho-ke ukukhuphuka kuzoba ngaphezulu kunokwedlule. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga lolu hlobo lwempendulo. Kulokhu, zivame ukusetshenziselwa amasekethe womsindo, ngoba indlebe yomuntu ibona ukwanda kwevolumu ye-logarithmic kanye non-linear, njengoba kufanele wazi.

Vele, lawa ma-potentiometers azoba ne- esiphezulu ukumelana ejwayelekile. Isibonelo, zingaba ngu-10 kΩ. Uma kunjalo, lapho besezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhamba kwabo bazonikeza ukumelana okuphezulu.

Ukuphina

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona esithombeni esedlule, ukuxhumana kwale nto kulula kakhulu. It has kuphela izikhonkwane ezintathu, noma izikhonkwaneokungukuthi, okukodwa ngaphezu kwama-resistors avamile. Kulokhu, ithempulethi 1 kuzoba okokufaka kwamandla, kuyilapho okungu-2 kuzoba umphumela, kuthi okungu-3 kuxhunywe kwi-GND (emhlabathini).

Hlanganisa i-potentiometer ne-Arduino

Isithombe se-Arduino IDE

Nge Ibhodi le-Arduino ne-potentiometer Ziningi izinto ezingenziwa. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi, ukwenza isibonelo esilula ozoqala ngaso ukubona ukusebenza kwe-potentiometer, ungasebenzisa noma yiziphi izikhonkwane ze-analog ebhodini lakho. Isibonelo, ku- Arduino UNO ungasebenzisa kusuka ku-A0 kuye ku-A5.

Njengoba banesinqumo se-10-bit, lokho kusho ukuthi unayo Amanani angaba ngu-1024 (0000000000-1111111111), futhi njengoba uhla lwamandla atholakalayo lusuka ku-0v luye ku-5v, khona-ke lungalinganiswa ukuze i-0000000000 (noma i-0) ibe ngu-0V no-1111111111 (noma u-1023) kube ngu-5v, ngakho-ke ingathola ama-voltage surges 0.004v ( 5/1024).

para ukuxhumana, ungavele wenze okulandelayo:

  • Xhuma okokufaka kwe-potentiometer ku-5V webhodi.
  • Okukhipha i-potentiometer kuzoxhunyaniswa kokunye kokufakwayo kwe-analog. Isibonelo, i-A1.
  • Ngokuqondene nenye iphini esele ye-potentiometer, kufanele uyixhume ne-GND.

Uma lokho sekwenzile, ungakha okuncane umdwebo ku-Arduino IDE ukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi i-potentiometer isebenza kanjani. Ngale khodi, ozokuzuza ukukwazi ukufunda amanani we-voltage atholakala lapho ukhipha isikhombisi se-potentiometer.

//Ejemplo de prueba de potenciómetro
long valor;

void setup() {
  //Inicializamos la comunicación serial
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
  //Escribir el valor leído por el monitor serie
  Serial.println("Inicio de sketch - Valores del potenciómetro");

}

void loop() {
  // Leer los valores del A1
  valor = analogRead(A1);

  //Imprimir en el monitor serie
  Serial.print("Valor leído = ");
  Serial.println(valor);
  delay(1000);

}

para ulwazi oluthe xaxa, unga landa inkambo yohlelo lwe-Arduino...


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.