Abanye abasebenzisi uyazibuza ukuthi i-Raspberry Pi ine-BIOS noma i-UEFI, njengamanye amakhompyutha, njengoba i-UEFI, njengoba wazi, ibuye isekelwe kumakhompyutha asekelwe ku-Arm, njengoba kwenzeka le SBC ethandwa kakhulu futhi eshibhile. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi abafana okusajingijolo bakhethe esinye isixazululo.
Lapha uzofunda ukuthi siyini leso sixazululo kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani ayisebenzisi le firmware, ngaphezu kokukubonisa ukuthi okunye ukucupha kwenziwa kanjani ku-Raspberry Pi uma ingekho i-Setup Menu njengakumakhompyutha...
Kungani i-Raspberry Pi ingasebenzisi i-BIOS/UEFI?
Njengoba wazi, i I-BIOS noma i-UEFI iyi-firmware elikhona ngobuningi bamakhompuyutha, womabili amadeskithophu, amalaptop, i-AIO, amaseva, izindawo zokusebenza, njll. Kodwa-ke, ayikho ku-Raspberry Pi, naphezu kokuba i-SBC (I-Single Board Computer), ngokungafani namanye ama-x86 SBC asebenzisa le firmware ngenqubo yokuqalisa nokuhlola uhlelo. Futhi akungenxa yokuthi i-Raspberry Pi isekelwe ku-ARM, njengoba amakhompyutha amaningi e-ARM nawo ane-BIOS/UEFI.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi le firmware yakhelwe ukuze ibhuthini lula kusuka endaweni yokugcina lapho isistimu yokusebenza ikhona, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukulawula ezinye izilungiselelo eziningi. Yilapho esinikeza khona imikhondo yokuthi kungani i-Raspberry Pi ingasebenzisi i-BIOS. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba ingakwazi ukuqala kuphela amadivaysi avela endaweni efanayo, njengamakhadi e-SD, hhayi ngezinye izindlela. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ngoba inani lama-peripherals nemisebenzi ku-Raspberry Pi inqunyelwe kakhulu.
Nokho, lesi akusona isizathu ngokuphelele sokungasebenzisi i-BIOS noma i-UEFI. Eqinisweni, uma sihlaziya ngokucophelela, i- I-Raspberry Pi's ARM SoC isebenzisa i-firmware yayo yangaphakathi ukuze uqalise i-CPU ibe sesimweni esifanele kanye nalo lonke uhlelo ngaphandle kwesidingo se-chip ye-BIOS ehlukile. Kodwa... pho kungani ungakwazi ukufinyelela Ukusethwa kwe-BIOS noma imenyu ye-BIOS? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuthi le firmware ilinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi ayiyinkimbinkimbi njenge-BIOS / UEFI, ngakho imenyu yokumisa imingcele izobe ingenangqondo, futhi ngakolunye, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo ngaphambili, ukuthi ingaqala kuphela indawo yokugcina ezenzakalelayo. , njengekhadi le-SD.
Abathuthukisi be-Raspberry Pi ngenxa yalesi sizathu bancamele ukusebenzisa le firmware eyisisekelo ukuze uqalise futhi uqalise ekhadini le-SD esikhundleni sokusebenzisa. i-rom chip nge-firmware eyinkimbinkimbi efakwe ku-PCB. Futhi kungukuthi, uma ubheka, amadivaysi eselula awanayo i-BIOS / UEFI noma, ngoba angakwazi ukuqala i-Android (noma olunye uhlelo lokusebenza), kwimemori yangaphakathi.
Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, leyo chip eyengeziwe ebhodini igcinwa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sokufaka imemori ye-flash yokugcina iphinde iqedwe. kungenza i-Raspberry Pi ibize kakhulu. Kufanele uthenge ikhadi le-SD ngokuhlukana.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ku-Raspberry Pi 3 ukwesekwa kokuhlola kwengezwe boot kusuka kumidiya ye-USB okufanele inikwe amandla ngokusobala futhi ayikwazi ukukhutshazwa. Lokhu kufakwe ku-firmware eshumekiwe ye-SoC yenguqulo entsha, kodwa lokhu bekuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okungenzeka ukuthi yingakho baqale banquma ukuqala ngezinto ezilula futhi basebenzise ukubhutha kuphela kumemori khadi ye-SD.
Yini eyayisetshenziswa i-Raspberry Pi esikhundleni salokho?
I-Raspberry Pi ayinayo i-BIOS noma i-UEFI njengoba kuqondwa emhlabeni we-PC, isibonelo, kodwa inayo i-firmware yomthombo ovaliwe ku-SoC njengoba ngishilo ngenhla. Le chip iklanywe inkampani ye-Broadcom, enikezela ngama-BCM kulawa mabhodi we-Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Ku I-SoC (System on a Chip) Ihlanganisa i-ARM Cortex-A Series CPU, i-VideoCore GPU, i-DSP yokucubungula isignali yedijithali, inkumbulo ye-SDRAM eyabiwe yi-CPU ne-GPU, nezilawuli ezifana ne-USB, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganisa nememori ye-ROM lapho i-firmware esikhuluma ngayo ihlanganiswe futhi edingekayo ekuqaliseni.
inqubo yokuqala
I-Los izinyathelo Okulandelayo kule firmware yilezi:
- Le firmware iyanakekela qala i-bootloader yesistimu yokusebenza esekhadini le-SD. Njengoba wazi, i-bootloader ikhweza ukwahlukanisa kwe-FAT32 yememori khadi ye-SD bese iya esigabeni sokuqalisa sesibili, esihlelwe ku-SoC futhi asikwazi ukuguqulwa.
- Esigabeni sesibili, ifayela elaziwa ngokuthi i-bootcode.bin, lapho i-firmware ye-GPU ilungiswa futhi iqalwa khona. Leli fayela lingagcinwa kuphela ekhadini le-SD, ngakho-ke okubalulekile ebhuthini akukwazi ukushintshwa njengakuBIOS/UEFI evamile ye-PC, futhi lizoqala ukusuka lapho kuphela. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo, ku-Pi 3 ikhono lokuqalisa kusuka ku-USB liphinde lanezelwa ngokuhlolwa.
- Bese kuza isigaba sesithathu lapho kusetshenziswa ifayela le-start.elf, eliqala i-CPU, kanye nefayela elibizwa ngokuthi fixup.dat, elisetshenziselwa ukwakha ukwahlukanisa okudingekayo ku-SDRAM ukuze iqale ukusetshenziswa. nge-CPU kanye ne-GPU.
- Ekugcineni, ikhodi yomsebenzisi isetshenziswa, okuvamise ukuba amabhanari asebenzisekayo noma izithombe ze- I-Linux kernel, njenge-kernel.img, noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwa i-Raspberry Pi, futhi yile ndlela isistimu yokusebenza eqala ngayo ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa...
Njengoba ubonile, kuyinqubo elula, kodwa engavamile uma siyiqhathanisa ne-PC noma amanye amakhompyutha. Futhi kungukuthi, esimweni se-Raspberry Pi, esikhundleni sokuqala i-CPU, njengakwezinye izimo, Amabhuzu e-GPU kuqala. Eqinisweni, le Broadcomo GPU izophatha ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwesistimu yokusebenza eshumekiwe ku-SoC elula kakhulu, kodwa edingekayo ukuze isebenze. Yaziwa ngokuthi i-VCOS (Isistimu Yokusebenza Yevidiyo), futhi izoxhumana ne-Linux. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi i-GPU ye-Pi ayigcini nje ngokulawula ihluzo nokuqala, futhi iphethe lawula iwashi lesistimu nomsindo.
Empeleni, ngemva kokusho lokhu, kubonakala sengathi kuncane esingakwenza kukho lungisa ukucushwa kwe-bootKodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akunjalo ngokuphelele. Futhi ukuthi kukhona ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi i-config.txt elitholakala ku-/boot/ directory yohlelo futhi uma livulwa ngomhleli wombhalo, okuqukethwe kwalo kungashintshwa kalula ukuze kushintshwe i-boot nokuyilungisa ngemingcele ethile. .
Este config.txt ifayela izofundwa yi-GPU ngemuva kokuqala i-ARM kernel, futhi iqukethe imiyalo yokuthi i-SoC yazi ukuthi yenzeni ngesikhathi sokuqalisa uhlelo. Isibonelo, singakwazi ukuguqula inkumbulo ezinikezele kuyo, ukuvuselela inkumbulo, ukukhubaza ukufinyelela kunqolobane ye-L2, ukuguqula ukucushwa kwe-CMA, ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza i-LED yekhamera, shintsha izinketho zemodi yevidiyo, ama-codec, ezinye izinketho zokuqalisa, i-overclocking, njll.
Leli fayela line-a i-syntax engavamile, ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlonishwe ukugwema izinkinga ekuqaleni. Futhi uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngakho, ungakwazi funda i-wiki engikushiya kulesi sixhumanisi.
Shintsha Okubalulekile Kwe-Boot ku-Raspberry Pi
Uma ushintsha i-oda lokuqalisa noma okubalulekile ku-PC konke kulula kakhulu, kufanele nje ufake i-BIOS/UEFI, futhi kuthebhu ye-Boot ungathola amapharamitha ongakwazi ukuwashintsha ukuze uwavule ku-hard disk, i-optical medium. , i-USB, inethiwekhi, njll. Kunalokho, ku-Raspberry Pi akulula kangako. Ngokuzenzakalelayo izohlala iqalisa i-OS kumemori khadi ye-SD efakwe ku-SBC. Eqinisweni, ngisho nangemva kwenguqulo 3, uma kokubili ikhadi le-SD kanye nenduku ye-USB kufakiwe, isistimu isazoqalisa isuka ku-SD kuqala. Uma i-SD isusiwe futhi kusele i-USB kuphela, kuzokwenziwa nge-USB.
Kodwa lo myalelo ungashintshwa. ngalokho kufanele qala i-raspbian, isibonelo, bese wenza okulandelayo:
- Vula ukusethwa kwe-Raspberry Pi ngomyalo:
Sudo raspi-config
- Yiya engxenyeni ethi "Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe". (qaphela, imenyu ingesiNgisi)
- Bese, ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, cindezela u-ENTER kunketho ethi "Boot Order".
- Manje kufanele ubone izinketho ezintathu ezahlukene ongakhetha kuzo:
- Ukuvula ikhadi le-SD- Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le nketho isivele ivuliwe kudivayisi yakho ye-Raspberry Pi futhi uma ufaka ikhadi le-SD ne-USB kanyekanye, uhlelo luzosebenzisa ikhadi le-SD njengenketho yokuqalisa ezenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuthi uyisuse.
- ibhuthi ye-usb: Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-USB njengedivayisi eyinhloko yokuqalisa, ungakhetha le nketho, esebenza uma unedivayisi ye-USB efakwe ku-Raspberry Pi. Uma kungenjalo, akufanele ufake ikhadi le-SD ukuze uqalise isistimu.
- ibhuthi yenethiwekhi: Le nketho yokuqalisa iwusizo uma ikhadi lakho le-Raspberry Pi SD lingasebenzi ngesizathu esithile noma uma kunenkinga ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Uma kunjalo, izosebenzisa ithuluzi le-Imager ukufaka kabusha isistimu ekhadini le-SD.
Uma usuqedile, ungakwazi qala kabusha i-raspberry pi ukusebenzisa izinguquko...
Thola izinkinga ze-Raspberry Pi (POST)
Ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukuthi ku-BIOS/UEFI kunesinyathelo esibizwa nge-POST esenziwa ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwesistimu yokusebenza futhi esizohlola isimo sezingxenye ezihlukene. Uma konke kulungile, i-OS izoqala. Kodwa uma ithola noma iyiphi inkinga, iyama futhi ibonise umlayezo wephutha esikrinini noma ikhiphe ikhodi yebhiphu ezwakalayo ukuze ikhombe ukuthi inkinga ikuphi.
Lokhu ku-Raspberry Pi akukho futhi. Kodwa-ke, i-firmware ye-SoC inendlela yokuzama ukuhlaba umkhosi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ukuze kuhlonzwe kalula. Futhi lokho kungemandla ayo e-LED. Isibonelo, ku-Raspberry Pi 4, amakhodi okukhanya akhishwa i-LED ukukhombisa izinkinga:
| ukukhanya okude | ukukhanya okufushane | Isimo |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | Ukwehluleka okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuqalisa |
| 0 | 4 | qala*.i-elf ayitholakali |
| 0 | 7 | Isithombe se-Kernel asitholakali |
| 0 | 8 | Ukuhluleka kwe-SDRAM |
| 0 | 9 | i-SDRAM enganele |
| 0 | 10 | kusimo se-HALT |
| 2 | 1 | I-partition ayiyona i-FAT (ayisekelwe) |
| 2 | 2 | Yehlulekile ukufunda ukwahlukanisa |
| 2 | 3 | ukwahlukanisa okunwetshiwe okungeyona i-FAT |
| 2 | 4 | Ihashi noma isiginesha akufani |
| 3 | 1 | Iphutha le-SPI-EEPROM |
| 3 | 2 | SPI EEPROM ukubhala kuvikelwe |
| 3 | 3 | Iphutha le-I2C |
| 4 | 4 | Uhlobo lwebhodi alusekelwe |
| 4 | 5 | iphutha le-firmware elibulalayo |
| 4 | 6 | Thayipha i-Misfire |
| 4 | 7 | Uhlobo B I-Misfire |