I-RJ45: konke mayelana nesixhumi senethiwekhi

Amanethiwekhi we-Ethernet ne-router ne-modem cabling bavame ukusebenzisa isixhumi se-RJ45 somzimba. Yonke imikhiqizo yamakhebuli okuhweba nokuxhumana ngocingo ngaphansi kwamazinga we-3 EIA / TIA-568-B ayamukele njengokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, ingesinye sezixhumanisi zokuxhumana ezithandwa kakhulu ezikhona namuhla, ngaphandle kokuthi amanethiwekhi angenantambo asedumile emakhaya nasemahhovisi, kepha asasetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi.

I-EIA (Alliance Industries Alliance), inhlangano yezinkampani ze-elekthronikhi nezobuchwepheshe e-United States inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza ukuncintisana kule mboni, yanikwa amandla okwenza i-RJ45 (i-Registered Jack). Futhi yize ithandwa kangaka namuhla, ayisona isixhumi sakamuva, empeleni, ukubukezwa kwayo kokuqala kwenziwa ngo-1991. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uyididanise nalokho okufana ne-RJ11 (usayizi omncane nezici ezihlukile).

Ukuxhumeka kwe-Pinout no-RJ45

El RJ45 Inesakhiwo sepulasitiki, esivamise ukusobala (kungaba neminye imibala), equkethe izikhonkwane zensimbi eziyi-8 zokuxhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inohlobo oluthile lwesigaxa esincane esinethebhu elilingana nechweba ukuze linganyakazi noma liphume, ngoba ekubeni isixhumi esizosekela ukudluliswa kwedatha, kufanele kuvikelwe.

Ngokuqondene nokuxhumeka kwezintambo zakho, zingenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye yazo usebenzisa i-crimper ukukhumula imikhawulo yezintambo nokuzixhuma ngesandla. Okunye kungenxa yenqubo yezimboni ezenzakalelayo, esetshenziselwa izintambo ezikhiqizwa abakhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, impela, uma usebenza nalolu hlobo lwensiza yenethiwekhi, impela wake wakwenza ngesandla ukwenza izithandani ezisontekile ngokwesibonelo ...

Izintambo zine ikhodi yombala nencazelo yayo:

* Kunamazinga ehlukene, ngokusho kwawo ungaba nekhodi eyodwa noma enye yombala ... Kufanele unake lokho ukuyixhuma kahle.

Izinhlobo zokuxhuma

Ukuxhuma kwentambo engikuchazile esigabeni esedlule kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi ezingahle zenzeke, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlukaniswe uhlelo lokusebenza okuzosetshenziswa ngalo ikhebula le-RJ45. I- izindlela zokuzixhuma Yilezi:

• Direct: ukuhleleka okufanayo kwezikhonkwane kuyahlonishwa emaphethelweni womabili, okungukuthi, kuzoxhunywa ngokufanayo kuma-RJ45 amabili esinayo kukhebula. Kulokhu, kungaxhunywa amadivayisi angalingani, ngokwesibonelo i-PC neswishi, noma i-PC nehabhu, njll.
• Cruzado: ithandwa kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ukuxhuma amadivayisi amabili alinganayo kunethiwekhi ukuze ikwazi ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwawo ngaphandle kwensiza ephakathi. Isibonelo, ungaxhuma ama-PC amabili ngqo ngamakhadi awo wenethiwekhi ngekhebula le-crossover. Ngalokhu, izintambo ze-RX ne-TX kufanele zeqiswe, ukuze kuthi uma i-PC idlulisa i-TX itholwe ngenye i-PC nge-RX, futhi ngokufanayo.

Uyazi ukuthi yini ukuwaxhuma uzodinga i-crimper ekhethekile, abafanele ogesi abajwayelekile ukukhumula izintambo zikagesi. Kulokhu, kuyisidumbu esinethuluzi elithile le-RJ45. Kepha indlela yokuyixhuma ilula kakhulu njengoba kungabonakala kule vidiyo:

Izinhlobo zekhebula

Kulesi sigaba sizobona i-lizinhlobo zezintambo esingaba nayo ngesixhumi se-RJ45.

Izintambo:

Okwe-RJ45 ungakuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ezitolo. Ziyahluka ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi nohlobo lohlelo lokusebenza okuvelele ngakunye kwazo:

• I-UTP- Idizayinelwe ukuhlanganiswa nentambo ye-pair esontekile engavikelekile. Intengo yabo iphansi kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kepha ingaveza amaphutha amaningi kunezinye izinhlobo zezintambo futhi ibe nokulinganiselwa kokusebenza emabangeni amade ngaphandle kwezivuseleli zesiginali. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuxhumanisa amadivayisi aseduze nalapho amaphutha engabalulekile.
• FTP- Idizayinelwe ukuhlanganiswa nentambo evikelekile yomhlaba wonke evikelekile. Lokhu kuvikela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukwethembeka kwekhebula ekudlulisweni, ngoba bakhiqiza isikrini esifana naleso sezintambo ezihlanganayo zezimpondo ze-TV. Impedance yayo ingu-120 ohms. Zizoba zibiza kakhulu kune-UTP, kepha zingcono kumabanga amade nalapho amaphutha abaluleke kakhulu.
• STP: yakhelwe ukuhlanganiswa nenguqulo ekhethekile yekhebula elisontiwe elisebenzisa ukuvikela insimbi ukuvikela nokuvikela ikhebula (lepheya ngalinye nelomhlangano wonke). Kubiza kakhulu kunakho konke, kepha futhi yilowo onikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Izigaba

Futhi kunezigaba kulezi zixhumi:

• Isigaba 5: yayenzelwe ukudlulisa kumaza we-100Mhz, inikezela ngesivinini sokudlulisa se-100Mbit / s. Sebenzisa amabhangqa amabili asontekile anebanga eliphakeme lamamitha ayi-100. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela futhi isigaba 5e sethulwa esifana kakhulu namazinga, ngokombono sonyusa isivinini esifinyelela kuma-350 Mbit / s. Ukuze wenze lokho, kwakudingeka ngazimbili amabhantshi asontekile (4). Ngakho-ke ukucabanga ukuthi izimo zilungile, kucatshangwa ukuthi zinamabhangqa ama-4 namabanga amafushane, zingasetshenziselwa iGigabit Ethernet.
• Isigaba 6- Ngaphambili iyahambisana ne-5e, le ntambo entsha ilawulwa ngamazinga aqinile nokuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe. Yenzelwe njengezinga leGigabit Ethernet, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ngokumelene ne-5 ne-5e. Kulokhu, ihlinzeka ngesivinini sendabuko esifinyelela ku-1000 Mbit / s noma i-1 Gbit / s ngemvamisa ye-250 Mhz. Uma ibanga eliphezulu lale khebuli, elingamamitha ayi-100, lehlisiwe laya ku-50, lingasetshenziselwa iGigabit-10. Kukhona nesigaba 6a esiphinda kabili imvamisa sibe yi-500Mhz futhi sinciphise ukuphazanyiswa komsindo ngokuvikelwa okususelwa kufoyili ukuthuthuka kumodi yeGigabit-10 Ethernet.
• Isigaba 7: ithuthukisiwe yafika kuma-600 Mhz (athuthukiselwe ku-1000Mhz) ukuze asebenze kahle ku-Gigabit 40/100. Ifana nokuvikelwa kwesigaba 6a, kepha ngokuvikelwa ngakunye ngakunye kwamabhangqa amane asontekile. Endabeni yemvamisa yokusebenza ye-1Ghz, kuyenza futhi ilungele ukudluliswa kwethelevishini yekhebula eliphansi kakhulu.

Vele, engeza ekugcineni ongakuthola kokubili ukuxhumana kwabesilisa nabesifazane emakethe. Zishibhile kakhulu futhi aziyinkimbinkimbi ukuzitholela amaphrojekthi akho. Okufanayo ngezintambo, futhi uzoba nokuningi okwengeziwe kubo, okufana nokuguqula kusuka kolunye uhlobo kuye kolunye, njll, okuhlala kusiza ezinhlelweni ezithile ...

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RJ45

Ezitolo ezikhethekile uzothola izihloli, amadivayisi akuvumela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezintambo zenethiwekhi yakho, noma ngabe ziyasetshenziswa noma zintsha ozihlanganisile. Kukhona nezikhithi zokusebenza nge-network cabling ezibandakanya i-crimper, i-tester, i-inserter, njll esimweni.

Noma kunjalo, zikhona izindlela eziningi zokubheka izixhumi ze-RJ45, kanye nokusebenzisa i-multimeter noma i-multitester, ukuyihlola nge-concentrator, njll. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Ngehabhu noma i-concentrator- Xhuma ukuphela okukodwa kwekhebula kuhabhu elinikwe amandla. Uma i-LED ehambelana netheku lapho sixhume khona ukuphela iyakhanya, kusho ukuthi iyasebenza. Ngaphandle kwalokho kungasho ukuthi ayilungile noma awuyixhumanga kahle. Ungaxhuma futhi omunye umkhawulo kwenye idivaysi bese uzama ukudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukuthi kuyasebenza yini ...
• Nge-multitester noma i-multimeter: Ungasebenzisa izeluleko zalawa madivayisi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe okwamanje kudluliswa yini ngezintambo.

Ama-Rosette

Ngaphambi kokuthi ngisho ukuthi kukhona nezixhumi zabesifazane nabesilisa, empeleni, ngokujwayelekile, kumaphrojekthi we-elekthronikhi, into ejwayeleke kakhulu ukuthi udinga isixhumi sabesifazane ukuxhuma imikhawulo yekhebula lesilisa i-RJ45. Kepha futhi ungadinga ukwakha noma xhuma i-rosette ukushiya ukuxhumana kulungisiwe noma ukuxhuma iphrojekthi yakho kunethiwekhi yezintambo zokwakha, njll.

Ngendlela, kulabo abangazi, i-rosette yilelo bhokisi elincane lepulasitiki elivame ukutholakala ezakhiweni eziseduze kocingo lapho i-router / imodemu ivame ukuxhumeka khona, njll. Emakethe uzothola izinhlobo eziningana, zombili zilula ngechweba elilodwa lokuxhuma, njengokuphindwe kabili, elizofakwa odongeni noma ngaphandle, njll.

Khumbula lokho ama-rosettes anomshini ngaphakathi ifana naleyo ye-RJ45 yokuxhuma izintambo. Kungaba enye yezintambo ozikhethele iphrojekthi yakho, futhi ngokuyisisekelo okufanele ukwenze ukuvula i-rosette bese uyixhuma. Uma kuyi-rosette ehlehlisiwe odongeni, imvamisa banesilima okufanele usisuse ngesibambo esincane futhi kuzophuma kulula ukukuvumela ubone ngaphakathi. Uma ingaphandle, ikesi lokuvikela lingavalwa ngeziqeshana noma ngezikulufo.

Lapho isembozo sisusiwe, ungakwazi hlubula izintambo nge-crimper ukushiya okungenani amamilimitha ambalwa emaphethelweni ayo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kokuvikela, ithusi livezwe. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvulwa kwamabhangqa akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-13 mm. Kufanele nje kwanele ukukuvumela ukuthi usebenze kahle ngemicu engu-8, kepha ngaphandle kokubashiya kungavikelekile kakhulu.

Lapho izintambo sezilungile, ukuxhumeka kuyefana nalokho kwe-RJ45, okungukuthi, udlulisa izintambo ezindaweni ezingena bese ubashiya behleli ne-inserter. Kungcono ukuzidlulisa kusuka ngaphakathi ziye ngaphandle ukuvimbela ukuthi zingaphumi kaningi. Into ekhohlisayo kakhulu lapha ukuvimbela ezinye izintambo ezifakiwe esezivele zingaphumi ngenkathi sifaka ezinye ... Kepha ungakhathazeki, kungakubiza kakhulu ekuqaleni, kepha-ke kulula. Futhi, khumbula ukuhlonipha imibala.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-inserter kulula, ukumane uyisebenzise nokuphela kwentambo ukuyilinganisa nezikhala zesixhumi. Uma uyiphusha uzozwa ukuqhuma, umsindo okutshela ukuthi isilungile. Khumbula uyakhama ucingo olungenalutho ngokumelene ne-groove ukuyikhipha futhi kusika okweqile.