Kunamaphrojekthi we-elekthronikhi noma ongasetshenziswa ne-Arduino yakho, lapho uzodinga ukusebenza ngemagnetism elawulwayo. Ngiqonde ukuthi, kumazibuthe ojwayelekile ohlala njalo, kuzohlala kunamandla akhangayo, kepha nge ugesi kagesi ungalawula le nsimu kazibuthe ukuyikhiqiza lapho uyidinga. Ngale ndlela, ungadonsela izinto ze-ferromagnetic ngobuningi bezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Isibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi ufuna ukuvula noma ukuvala iqhaga elincane ngokuzenzekelayo uma kwenzeka okuthile, noma uhambisa okuthile kwensimbi, njll. Kuleso simo, into engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa i-electromagnet, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukwenza ezinye eziphelele izindlela ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo.
Yini i-electromagnet?
Un ugesi kagesi Kuyinto yedivayisi evumela ukuthi ukwazi ukudala amandla kazibuthe ngokuthanda kwakho. Lokho wukuthi, idivayisi eba uzibuthe kuphela uma uyidinga, futhi hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi njengamazibuthe waphakade. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungaheha izinto ze-ferromagnetic ngesikhathi esifanele lapho ufuna ngaso.
Ama-electromagnets asetshenziswa kabanzi ku- umkhakha. Isibonelo, uke wayibona ku-TV leyo mishini esezindaweni ezithile lapho insimbi isetshenziswa kabusha futhi ene-electromagnet opharetha ayisebenzisa ekhabini ukuze athathe isisu semoto endala, noma ahehe ezinye izingxenye zensimbi. Lapho-ke i-crane ebambe le electromagnet izibeke lapho ifuna ukushiya khona lezi zinto zensimbi, bavele bavale amandla kazibuthe kagesi futhi konke kuzowa.
Indlela yokuyenza isebenze ngokunikezela le nto nge okuqhubekayo njengamanje. Uma nje lamanje esebenza ku-electromagnet, amandla kazibuthe agcinwa futhi insimbi ihlala inamathele kuyo. Lapho lowo wamanje uphela, uzonyamalala futhi izakhi zensimbi zizosuswa. Ngakho-ke ungayilawula ngokushesha.
Yebo, lokhu kungasetshenziswa nguwe ukuze uzuze futhi ngendlela eshibhile kakhulu. Ungathenga i-electromagnet eyenziwe ngomumo noma uzidalele yona, ngoba ayinzima nhlobo, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ze-elekthronikhi.
Kepha uma ucabanga ukuthi ama-electromagnet akhonza kuphela ukubamba noma ukuheha izinto, iqiniso ukuthi awulungile. I- ukusetshenziswa noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ziningi. Eqinisweni, uma ubheka okuzungezile, impela amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa lo mphumela ekusebenzeni kwawo. Isibonelo, uzoyithola ngezinsimbi eziningi zasendlini, zamanye amadivayisi anezilawuli ezisebenza ngogesi, amarobhothi, amadrayivu anzima, motors kagesi (i-rotor ijikeleza ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwayo), ama-generator, izipikha, udlulisela, ukukhiya kazibuthe, njll.
Isebenza kanjani?
Noma usuvele ucacile ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani i-electromagnet, kufanele uqonde kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani ukuheha noma ukuxosha izinto (uma ushintsha ukwehlukaniswa). Ngalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi, awudingi ukusebenzisa ozibuthe abahlala njalo ukuheha izinto ze-ferromagnetic ezifana ne-iron, i-cobalt, i-nickel namanye ama-alloys.
Khumbula uhlobo lwensimbi noma ingxubevange ozolisebenzisela iphrojekthi yakho, ngoba akubona bonke abantu abakhangwa yila mabazibuthe.
Ukuze i-electromagnet isebenze, kufanele sibuyele ezifundweni zaseDenmark UHans Christian Orsted, ngo-1820. Uthole ukuthi imisinga kagesi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe. Kamuva, iBrithani uWilliam Sturgeron wayezokwenza i-electromagnet yokuqala isebenzise lokho okutholakele, futhi lokho kwaqala ngo-1824. Futhi kwakungeke kube kuze kube ngo-1930, lapho uJoshep Henry ayezowuphelelisa khona ukuze akhe i-electromagnet esiyaziyo namuhla.
Ngokomzimba kuzokwakhiwa i- isilonda sekhoyili nangaphakathi kwaso umongo we-ferromagnetic, njenge-iron emnene, insimbi namanye ama-alloys. Amaluphu avame ukwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-aluminium, futhi anesembozo esivikela okomlilo esivimba ukuthi bangaxhumani, ngoba azosondelana kakhulu noma axhumane ngqo ukuze awahlanganise ngokwengeziwe. Okuthile okufana nokwenzeka ngamakhoyili we-transformer, nawo anayo le varnish.
Umsebenzi wamakhoyili ukukhiqiza okushiwo amandla kazibuthe, futhi umnyombo uzokhulisa lo mphumela futhi uwugxilise kuwo ukunciphisa ukulahleka okusakazekayo. Ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe okuyisisekelo, izizinda zayo zizoqondaniswa noma ziqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa ngenxa yokuqina okukhiqizwe yikhoyili, okungukuthi, kufana nalokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi kukazibuthe abasebenza unomphela, okubuye kuthiwe izizinda ziqondaniswe nohlangothi oluthile ngokuya ngesigxobo sakhe.
Kungaba njalo lawula amandla okuheha ukwandisa okwenzeka manje odlula ku-electromagnet. Lokho kusho, kufanele ngisho ukuthi akuyona ukuphela kwento ethinta amandla kagesi kagesi, ukukhulisa amandla ayo ungakhuphula eyodwa noma zonke lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Inombolo yokujika kwe-solenoid.
- Impahla Core.
- Amandla wamanje.
Lapho amandla ephela, izizinda zivame ukuzihlela kabusha ngokungahleliwe, ngakho-ke zilahlekelwe yimagnetism. Ngakho-ke lapho ususa okwamanje okusetshenzisiwe, ugesi uyeka ukuheha. Kodwa-ke, insimu kazibuthe esalayo ingahlala ebizwa ngokuthi yi-remanent magnetism. Uma ufuna ukuyiqeda, ungafaka insimu ephoqelelayo kolunye uhlangothi noma uphakamise izinga lokushisa kwento ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa leCurie.
Thola i-electromagnet
Njengoba sengivele ngiphawule, ungakwazi zenzele ngokwakhoUma uthanda i-DIY noma ufuna uhlobo lwe-electromagnet olunezici ezingagculiseki ngalezo ongazithenga. Enye indlela, uma uvilapha kakhulu, ukuthenga i-electromagnet kunoma yisiphi isitolo esinjenge-Amazon.
- Thenga ukulungele ukusebenzisa i-electromagnet kumodyuli nge-Arduino
- Qhathanisa i-electromagnet elula
Sicela wazi okuthile, uma uzothenga i-electromagnet. Futhi uzothola amanani ahlukene nezinhlobo eziningana ezinezici ezihlukile. Phakathi kwabo, okuhluka kakhulu kunazo zonke inani lesisindo abangasekela noma bahehe. Isibonelo, i-25N ka-2.5Kg, i-50N ka-5Kg, i-100N ka-10 Kg, i-800N ka-80 kg, i-1000N ka-100 Kg, njll. Kukhona emikhulu yezicelo zezimboni, kepha ayijwayele ukusetshenziswa kwezasekhaya ... Ungacabangi ukuthi intengo ikhuphuka kakhulu phakathi kokunye, ngoba unakho kusuka ku- € 3 kuye ku- € 20.
Uma uthatha isinqumo soku zenzele ngokwakhoUngaba ne-electromagnet eshibhile ngokumane ugoqe ucingo ukukhiqiza ikhoyili futhi ngaphakathi kufanele ufake umnyombo wensimbi. Isibonelo, i-electromagnet elula nelula kunazo zonke izingane ezijwayele ukuyenza ukuze zifunde kuma-laboratories ukusebenzisa ibhethri elixhuma ocingweni lwenxeba (kufanele limbozwe nge-varnish evikela noma i-insulator epulasitiki ukuze ingaxhumani ematohweni ) nangaphakathi lapho bethula intambo njenge-nucleus. Uma uxhuma izinhlangothi zombili ezigxotsheni ezithile zeseli noma zebhethri, kuzokwakhiwa amandla kazibuthe kwikhoyili eheha izinsimbi ...
Vele, i-electromagnet ungakwazi ukuphelelisa ngekhoyili elikhudlwana noma usebenzisa umnyombo wensimbi ohlukile uma ufuna ukufeza ubukhulu bamandla aphezulu nezinkambu zamagnetic.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino
La ukuhlanganiswa no-Arduino akunzima neze. Kungaba i-electromagnet ethengiwe noma eyodwa eyenziwe wedwa, ungasebenzisa ngqo ukuphuma kwe-Arduino namandla ukuze kusebenze noma kungasebenzi i-electromagnet njengoba ufisa ukusebenzisa ikhodi yakho yokudweba. Kepha uma ufuna ukukwenza ngendlela engcono, kufanele usebenzise into ethile ukulawula i-electromagnet ngendlela eyanele, ikakhulukazi uma iyi-electromagnet enamandla kakhulu. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa isibonelo i-transistor IMOSFET njengengxenye yokulawula, noma i-NPN TIP120 (iyona ebengivame ukuyivivinya), ngisho nokudluliswa. Ngakho-ke, ungasebenzisa esinye sezikhonkwane zedijithali ukulawula i-transistor bese lokhu kuphendula i-electromagnet ...
Kufanele ubeke impukane emuva noma i-diode yokuqhathanisa efana naleyo esemfanekisweni, phakathi kwezixhumi ezimbili ze-electromagnet. Kufanele futhi ufake i-2K ohm Resistor njengoba ubona kumdwebo. Konke okunye ukuxhumana kulula kakhulu, njengoba ubona. Vele, kulokhu, izintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu zihambelana namandla angaphandle azosetshenziswa ku-solenoid.
Khumbula ukuthi kukhona ama-electromagnets we Amandla okuzisholo I-6V, i-12V, i-24V, njll. Ngakho-ke kufanele wazi kahle amandla kagesi okufanele uwasebenzise ku-solenoid ukuze ungayilimazi. Ungabona imininingwane encazelweni ye-Amazon noma ngokubheka imininingwane yedatha yento oyisebenzisayo. Khumbula futhi ukuhlonipha i-pinout yayo, okuyizikhonkwane ezimbili, eyodwa eyomhlabathi noma i-GND kanti enye i-Vin ukusebenzisa i-current control.
Lowo engikusebenzise ukufakazela lesi sibonelo sokuhlela engikudalile kuFritzing kungu-6V, ngakho-ke emigqeni engiyibeke ngakwesokudla kumdwebo izosetshenziswa + 0 / 6V ngokubomvu no -0 / 6V ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Khumbula ukuthi ngokuya ngamandla uzothola amandla angaphezulu noma amancane okuheha.
para ikhodi, Ungenza okuthile okulula njengokulandelayo (khumbula ukuthi ungayiguqula ikhodi ukuze esikhundleni sokusebenzisa nokwenza kungasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kwesikhashana, njengaleli, ikwenza lokho ngokuya ngenye inzwa onayo esifundeni sakho, noma ukuthi umcimbi othile uyenzeka ...):
const int pin = 3;
//Recuerda que debes usar el pin correcto que hayas utilizado en el esquema eléctrico de tu proyecto
void setup() {
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); //definir pin como salida
}
void loop(){
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // poner el Pin en HIGH para activar el electroimán
delay(10000); // esperar un segundo
digitalWrite(pin, LOW); // poner el Pin en LOW para desactivar el electroimán
delay(10000); // esperar un segundo
}