Amaphrojekthi amaningi angenziwa ngaphandle kwe- Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB, kodwa akunjalo kwabanye. Okukhulu kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngamaphrojekthi asebenza ngokwengeziwe futhi asebenza unomphela, okungezona izibonelo ezilula noma izivivinyo. Uma kunjalo, uzoba nentshisekelo yokufaka i- Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ozoyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele neqinile.
Kulesi sihloko ungafunda konke okudingayo ukuze uqale ekwakhiweni kwalolu hlobo lwe amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe yamaphrojekthi akho, ngaphezu kokwazi inqwaba yezinsiza zesoftware nokuningi onakho ...
Yini i-PCB?
Uma udizayina isekethe ye-elekthronikhi, elinye lamathuba okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ukukusebenzisa ku ephrintiwe wesifunda ibhodi noma PCB (Elanyatheliswa Circuit Board). Okungukuthi, indawo eyakhiwe ngochungechunge lwezendlalelo zokuvikela kanye namathrekhi aqhubayo asebenza njengezindlela zezimpawu zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazobe sebethengise uchungechunge lwezinto ze-elekthronikhi, njengama-chips, ama-transistors, ama-resistor, ama-diode, ama-capacitor, amasokhethi, ama-oscillator, njll.
I-Las amathrekhi aqhubayo Imvamisa zenziwe ngethusi noma uyinki oqhubayo, kanti amapuleti enziwe ngezinto ezihlukile. Zingenziwa ngezinto ze-ceramic, ipulasitiki, ama-polymers afana neBakelite, Teflon, celluloid, noma i-fiberglass. Uma kukhulunywa ngokwakhiwa kwe-PCB okuyinkimbinkimbi, esikhundleni sokuphrintwa kwesikrini ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi, kuzokwakhiwa ngezendlalelo eziningi lapho kuzobekwa khona amathrekhi amaningi aqhubayo.
Okulula kakhulu kuvame ukufaka izinto ezinezikhonkwane zazo ezidlula ebhodini ziye kolunye uhlangothi. Ngenkathi labo zingama-multilayer, basebenzisa i- ebusweni ukukhweza ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhonkwane akudingeki zidlule ebhodini, ngoba kunezingqimba ezahlukahlukene zamathrekhi, kungaveza oxhumana nabo abangalungile.
Ezinye izindlela: ukusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-PCB yakho ngaphandle kokukhiqiza
Yakha isakhiwo se-PCB Kubandakanya ukwenza uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezithile eziyinkimbinkimbi ukukwenza ekhaya, futhi kuyingozi, ngoba ama-acids asetshenziselwa ukuqoshwa. Ngokuyinhloko, kusetshenziswa amapuleti ambozwe ngethusi lapho kufakwa khona uhlobo lwethempulethi futhi luzogezwa nge-asidi ukuze lususe lonke ithusi elingavikelekile. Lokhu kushiya kuphela amathrekhi avikelwe yisifanekiso.
Uma kuwukuthi imiklamo ye-multilayer, inkinga yokuzenza ngokwakho iba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Futhi, ukufakwa komhlaba akuyona into eqonde ngqo ezitsheni zasendlini. Izeluleko eziqondile ze-soldering ziyadingeka, futhi izakhi ze-elekthronikhi ezizohlanganiswa zizoba ncane. Kufanele futhi sebenzisa ukugeleza, amasu akhethekile we-BGA, njll.
Ngakho-ke, kubenzi nabathandi be-DIY, into elula ukusebenzisa uchungechunge lwe- ezinye izindlela zokwenza i-PCB. Lezo ezinye izindlela yilezi:
- I-prototype board o Ibhodi lesinkwa, inketho engcono kakhulu yeziboniso ofuna ukuzihlanganisa futhi uzihlukanise.
- Amapuleti Perforated, kungenye inketho yokufaka ezinye izinto ezihleliwe bese uzihlanganisa kalula. Kodwa-ke, akusona isisombululo esihle kakhulu sesekethe unomphela uma ufuna okuthile okuthe xaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzofanele uthinte izintambo zezikhonkwane ngokwakho, ngoba azikho izinkomba ...
- Isoftware yokulingisa. Enye indlela enhle ekuvumela ukuthi udale isekethe noma ungenazo izinto zikagesi. Olunye lwezinhlelo ongazisebenzisa ukulingisa Simulide.
Isoftware ye-PCB design
Ukuze wakhe isakhiwo sakho se-PCB, uneziningana amathuluzi esoftware lokho kuzokwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula kakhulu, ngoba uzokwazi ukudweba isekethe futhi ukwazi ukuthola ifomethi ngefomethi efanelekile yokwenziwa kwayo noma ukuthola izifanekiso ngenqubo yokuqopha. Lezi zicelo yilezi:
- I-FreeCAD: ingenye yesoftware ethandwa kakhulu yokwenza imiklamo yakho. Futhi, kuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze nokuhumusha kwe-3D futhi. Vele kumahhala futhi kwenzelwa iLinux.
- Mahhala: yindawo yentuthuko noma i-EDA. Iphinde ibe yipulatifomu futhi imahhala. Ungayithola mahhala bese uqala ukuklama amabhodi wakho wesifunda aphrintiwe.
- I-KiCAD: elinye suite eliphelele le-EDA elifana nelangaphambilini, ngaphezu kokukhululeka nokukhululeka. Ivumela ukubanjwa kwesikimu, ukuhlela, ukudala ukwakheka komklamo we-PCB nokukubona ngeso lengqondo ku-3D.
Indlela yokwenza isakhiwo se-PCB?
Idizayini ye-OSHPARK
Njengoba ngibonile, izinqubo zokufakwa kwe-asidi zingaba yingozi futhi zibize, futhi ama-acid nezinto ezidingekayo azitholakali kalula ezitolo ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, inketho umphumela wayo oyobe umangalisa ukuletha ifayili nge umklamo wakho we-PCB enkampanini nokuthi uphethe ukuyakha. Ngakho-ke ungafinyelela umphumela wobuchwepheshe, noma ngabe unezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Ezinye izinkampani ezinikeza lezi zinsizakalo yilezi:
- I-OSHPARK: ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwe-PCB ngokwakho ngesoftware futhi uma usuyilungele, ungalayisha ifayili kuwebhusayithi yabo futhi bazonakekela ukuyikhiqiza bese bethumela i-PCB ekhaya lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinsizakalo emazweni amaningana.
- I-PCBWay: kungenye indlela edlule, futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Uletha ukwakheka kwakho kwe-PCB futhi bazokwakha isekethe ephrintiwe ukuthi izothunyelwa. Njengo-OSHPARK, bangaphinda bakhiqize amapuleti angayedwa noma amaningi.