Ungahlola kanjani i-capacitor

I-Los ama-capacitors amathuluzi kagesi angenzi lutho akwazi ukugcina amandla kagesi. Benza ngenxa yensimu kagesi. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokhipha amandla agciniwe kancane kancane, okungukuthi, uma siyiqhathanisa nesistimu ye-hydraulic bazofana nokufakwa kwemali ketshezi. Kuphela lapha akulona uketshezi kepha kuyashaja, ama-electron ...

Ukuze ugcine amandla, evele ezimbili conductive okuyinto ngokuvamile ambozwe amashidi, yingakho ukuma cylindrical. Phakathi kwawo womabili amapuleti kufakwe phakathi ishidi noma ungqimba we-dielectric. Leli shidi lokuvikela libaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa ukukhokhiswa kwe-capacitor nekhwalithi yayo, ngoba uma inganele ingagcwaliswa futhi igeleze njengamanje lisuka kwelinye ishidi elihamba liye kwelinye.

Kepha kwenzekani lapho isivele ifakiwe noma lapho ufuna ukubheka ukuthi isebenza kahle yini?

Hlola i-capacitor

Uma usuyikhethile noma usisebenzele isekethe, enye enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungahlola kanjani. Ngalokho kunezindlela eziningana zokwazi uma okuthile kwenzeka ku-capacitor:

• Isivivinyo se-Olfactory / visual: Kwesinye isikhathi, uma uyisichwepheshe se-elekthronikhi, iphunga elilula lokushisa noma lokuhlola okubonakalayo lanele ukwazi ukuthi isekethe lilimele yini.
  • Ukuvuvukala: lapho i-capacitor inenkinga imvamisa ibonakala kahle. Ama-capacitors ayavuvukala futhi angabonakala ngeso lenyama njengoba ubona esithombeni esingenhla. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba ukuvuvukala nje, kwesinye isikhathi kungaba ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nokuvuza kwe-electrolyte. Kunoma ikuphi, lokho kukhombisa ukuthi i-capacitor ayilungile.
  • Amabala amnyama koxhumana nabo noma ipuleti- Indawo emnyama eduze koxhumana nabo noma ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe lapho i-capacitor is soldered nayo ingadala izinkinga.
• Hlola nge-multimeter noma i-multimeter: kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ...
  • Amandla wokuhlola: Ungabona amandla we-capacitor bese ubeka i-multimeter emsebenzini ukukala amandla esikalini esifanele. Bese ubeka ukuhola kokuhlola kwe-multimeter kuzixhumi ezimbili ze-capacitor bese ubona ukuthi inani elifundwayo liseduze noma lilingana nomthamo we-capacitor, lapho-ke lizoba sesimweni esihle. Okunye ukufundwa kuzokhombisa inkinga. Khumbula ukuthi ucingo olubomvu kufanele luye kuphini elide kakhulu le-capacitor kanye nocingo olumnyama kuye olufushane kakhulu uma luyi-polar capacitor, uma luvela kwabanye akunandaba ukuthi kanjani.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesifunda okufushane: Ukuze wazi ukuthi mfushane yini, ungafaka i-multimeter kwimodi ukukala ukumelana. Kufanele uyibeke kububanzi obungu-1K noma ngaphezulu. Uxhuma obomvu esigungwini eside kunazo zonke uma kuyi-polar capacitor, bese emnyama kumfushane kunayo yonke. Uzothola inani. Nqamula imikhondo yokuhlolwa. Bese uyixhume futhi bese ubhala phansi futhi noma ukhumbule inani. Yenza isivivinyo kanjena izikhathi eziningana. Kufanele uthole amanani alinganayo uma esesimweni esihle.
  • Hlola nge-voltmeter: setha umsebenzi wokulinganisa amandla kagesi. Shaja i-capacitor ngebhethri, isibonelo. Akunandaba ukuthi ikhokhiswa kumanani aphansi. Isibonelo, i-25v capacitor ingakhokhiswa ngebhethri elingu-9v, kepha ungadluli isibalo esimakiwe noma uzosiphula. Uma usukhokhisiwe, hlola amathiphu kwimodi ye-voltmeter ukubona ukuthi ithola yini icala. Uma kunjalo, kuzolunga. Abanye benza isivivinyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-multimeter, beka ichopho le-screwdriver phakathi kwamatheminali amabili we-capacitor futhi babheke ukuthi ikhiqiza yini inhlansi ngemuva kokushaja, yize lokhu kunganconyiwe ...
• Okwenzelwe ama-ceramic capacitors: kulezi zimo kungahle kungabi sobala njengakwezinye lapho kunenkinga. Lezi azivuvukali. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo ziyafana.
  • I-Polymeter isebenza ukukala ukumelana: Ungazama noma iziphi izeluleko kunoma iziphi izikhonkwane ze-ceramic capacitor. Ngenxa yamandla aphansi ala ma-capacitors, kufanele abe esikalini se-1M ohm noma kunjalo. Uma isesimweni esihle, kufanele imake inani esibukweni bese yehla ngokushesha. Ukuvuza kungatholakala lapho inani lingawi lize lifike ku-zero noma lisondele ku-zero.
  • Umhloli we-CapacitorUma unedivayisi yalolu hlobo noma ungakwazi ukukala amandla esikalini se-picoFarads njengoba la ma-capacitors ethanda ukuba njalo, ungazama ukuyikhokhisa bese ubona ukuthi iqoqa inkokhelo yini ukuhlola isimo sempilo. Uma kungumthamo osondele noma olingana nalowo ophawulwe ku-capacitor, kuzolunga.

Humusha imininingwane etholakele

Lokho ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwedlula konke okungenziwa, kepha ukuze wazi ukuthi ukuhumusha kanjani okukahle, kufanele wazi ukuthi izinkinga la ma-capacitors avame ukubhekana nazo:

• Ukuhlukana: lapho kufinyezwa. I-capacitor izohlushwa yile nkinga lapho inani lamandla we-voltage ukumelana selidluliwe futhi kube nokuqhekeka phakathi kwezikhali zalo ezixhumeka ngogesi. Lapho ukumelana okujwayelekile kulingana noma kusondele ku-zero kukhombisa ukuphuma. Ukumelana kwe-capacitor eyonakele cishe akukaze kweqe ama-ohms ama-2.
• Corte: lapho isikhonkwane esisodwa noma zombili noma oxhumana nabo bexhunyiwe kwizikhali. Kulokhu, lapho uzama ukulayisha bese ulinganisa umthwalo, inani lizolingana no-zero. Kusobala, ngoba ayilayishiwe.
• Ukungapheleli ezinhlakeni ze-dielectric: Uma umthwalo ungekho ngokuphelele, lokho ngeke kusikwe, kungakhombisa ukuwohloka. Esinye isizathu sokusola ukuthi kunenkinga ngezendlalelo zokuvikela ukukala inani lokukhuphuka kwemisinga yokukhipha. Ngalokho, lapho ukhokhisa i-capacitor futhi ulinganise amandla kagesi, uzobona ukuthi incipha ngokuqhubekayo. Uma ukwenza ngokushesha okukhulu, kukhombisa ukuthi imisinga yokukhipha iphezulu.
• abanye- Kwesinye isikhathi i-capacitor ibukeka inhle, isidlulile konke ukuhlolwa okungenhla, kepha uma sikufaka esifundeni ayisebenzi kahle. Uma sazi ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zilungile kungaba yinkinga enzima kakhulu ukuyithola ku-capacitor yethu. Kungakuhle uma nawe ubheka amazinga okushisa afinyelelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ...

Izinhlobo ze-Capacitor

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-capacitor. Ukubazi kuhle ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi oyidingayo esimweni ngasinye. Yize kunezinhlobo eziningi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubenzi naku-DIY yile:

• I-Mica condenser: I-Mica yisivikelo esihle, esinokulahleka okuphansi, simelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi asilulazi i-oxidation noma umswakama. Ngakho-ke, zinhle ezinhlelweni ezithile lapho izimo zemvelo zingezona ezingcono kakhulu.
• Iphepha capacitor: zishibhile, ngoba zisebenzisa iphepha elifeksiwe noma elibhakwe ukuze lisebenze njengokuvikela. Imvamisa zihlatshwa kalula, zenze ibhuloho phakathi kwemibhobho yomibili eqhubayo. Kepha namhlanje kukhona ama-capacitor okuziphilisa, okungukuthi, enziwe ngephepha kepha akwazi ukulungiswa lapho ephoqwa. Lokho kuhle kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Lapho kugwazwa, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje phakathi kwezikhali kuzoncibilikisa ungqimba oluncane lwe-aluminium oluzungeze indawo yesifunda esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela kusungulwe kabusha ukufakwa ...
• I-Electrolytic capacitor: Luhlobo lokhiye kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, yize kungenakusetshenziswa ne-AC yamanje. Qhubeka kuphela futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungazibuyiseli emuva, ngoba lokhu kubulala i-oxide evikela futhi kukhiqize isifunda esifushane. Lokho kungadala ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa, ukushisa, nokuqhuma. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwama-capacitors ungathola ama-subtypes amaningana ngokuya nge-electrolyte esetshenzisiwe, efana ne-aluminium ne-boric acid dissolution electrolyte (ilusizo kakhulu kwimishini yamandla nemisindo); lezo ze-tantalum ezinesilinganiso esikhulu somthamo / ivolumu; kanye ne-bipolar ekhethekile yokushintsha okukhona (akuvamile).
• I-Polyester noma i-Mylar capacitor: basebenzisa amashidi amancane e-polyester lapho kufakwa khona i-aluminium ukwakha lezi zikhali. Lawa mashidi abekiwe ukwakha isemishi. Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa i-polycarbonate ne-polypropylene.
• Isikhuthazi sePolystyrene: eyaziwa njengeStyroflex evela kwaNokia. Zenziwe ngepulasitiki futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni womsakazo.
• Ama-capacitors we-Ceramic: Basebenzisa izinto zobumba njengama-dielectrics. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngama-microwaves nobuningi obuhlukahlukene.
• Ama-capacitors ahlukahlukene: banendlela yokusebenza yeselula yokushintsha i-dielectric, evumela ukwethula ukukhokhiswa okungaphezulu noma okuncane. Lokho okungukuthi, zibukeka njengezimo zokumelana eziguquguqukayo noma ama-potentiometers.

Ikhono:

Enye into ehlukanisa i-capacitor eyodwa kwenye umthamo, okungukuthi, inani lamandla abangawagcina ngaphakathi. Kukalwa kumaFarads. Imvamisa ngama-millifarads noma ama-microfarads, ngoba amanani adume kakhulu wamandla agciniwe mancane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi kukhona amanye ama-capacitors okusetshenziswa ezimbonini nosayizi namandla amakhulu impela.

Ukuhlola umthamo, unezimbalwa amakhodi ombala kanye / noma wezinombolo, njengoba kunjalo ngama-resistors. Kumawebhusayithi wabakhiqizi uzothola ama-datasheet nolwazi mayelana ne-capacitor oyithengile. Kukhona nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezisebenzayo, njenge lena evela lapha lapho ufaka khona ikhodi futhi ibala amandla.

Kepha umkhawulo wama-capacitors akufanele ukulinganise. Ngisho ukuthi bangaxhunywa ukufana noma i-serial njengama-resistors. Njengabo, uzothola umthamo owodwa noma omunye ngokuxhuma eziningana zazo. Kukhona futhi izinsiza zewebhu ukubala umthamo ophelele otholwe ngokufana nochungechunge.

Uma ixhunywe ngokufana, ifaka ngqo amanani amandla kuma-farads ama-capacitors. Ngenkathi lapho zixhunywe ochungechungeni umthamo ophelele ubalwa ngokungeza okuphambene komthamo we-capacitor ngayinye. Okungukuthi, 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 +… kuwo wonke ama-capacitors akhona, no-C kube umthamo walowo nalowo. Okungukuthi, njengoba ubona kuphambene nama-resistor, ukuthi uma kukwi-series bayahlanganisa futhi uma kufana nalokho ukuphikisana kwabo (1 / R1 + 1 / R2 +…).

Iyiphi okufanele ngiyithenge?

Uma uthatha isinqumo soku dala iphrojekthi ozosebenzisa kuyo ama-capacitors, uma usunomklamo futhi wazi ukuthi ufunani, uma ufuna ukudala ugesi, isihlungi, wasebenzise ngama-555 wokubeka isikhathi, njll., ngokusho kwezibalo ozenzile futhi kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukwenzani finyelela, uzodinga amandla noma okunye.

• Udinga umthamo ongakanani? Ngokuya ngesekethe oyifunayo, uzobe usubalile umthamo owodwa noma omunye (futhi cabanga uma uzoba nokuningi kokuxhuma ochungechungeni noma kokufana). Ngokuya ngomthamo, ungahlunga kuphela lezo ezikwanelisayo.
• Ngabe uzosebenza ngama-voltages avumayo noma amabi noma ngokushintsha okukhona manje? Uma uzosebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile noma ukushintshashintsha kwamanje, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ceramic capacitor noma eyodwa engafakwanga polarized ukuze ugweme ukuyiphula uma uguqula ubumbano.
• Ngabe ufuna ukuvumela kuphela ukudlula kwamanje okushintshanayo? Bese ukhetha i-capacitance capacitor ephezulu, okungukuthi, engeyona eye-ceramic, efana ne-electrolytic.
• Ngabe ufuna kuphela ukuqondisa kwamanje ukudlula? Ungabeka i-capacitor ngokufana nomhlabathi (GND).
• Ungakanani ugesi? Ama-capacitors amelana nomkhawulo wamandla kagesi. Hlaziya kahle i-voltage ozosebenza ngayo bese ukhetha i-capacitor engasebenza ebangeni olidingayo. Ungakhethi eyodwa esemkhawulweni, ngoba noma iyiphi i-spike ingayilimaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unekhasi, ngeke usebenze kanzima, futhi ngokusebenza ngokukhululeka uzohlala isikhathi eside.

Kanjani khetha i-capacitor yakho yesikhathi esizayo.