ari FPGAs dzave kuwedzera kufarirwa munguva dzekupedzisira. Kunyangwe yehunyanzvi hwekushandisa aya machipisi anowanzo shandiswa, asiwo kune ma DIYers uye vagadziri avo vanoda kuitisa discrete dunhu mukati mech neese mabhenefiti ayo anoreva izvi. Hazvina kudhura kana nyore kuwana fekitori yekutumira marongero ako kana mapatani uye uve neyakajairwa chip yakagadzirirwa iwe.
Ichokwadi kuti mamwe mabheji anotendera gadzira zvitete kana makeke akawanda kugadzira machipisi kubva kuvanhu kana mayunivhesiti kuyedza nawo. Aya marudzi emafekitori, sekutaura kwangu, anonetsa kuwana, anowanzove kunze kwenyika uye haana kudhura. Mushure mechinguva, sampuli dzemachips ako dzinoendeswa kukero yakabvumiranwa, asi ivo havasi ivo vari mukutarisira kwekuyedza izvi kana kutarisa kuti zvinoshanda here. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana neyako dhizaini ...
Una imwe mhinduro kune iyoyo ndeye kutenga FPGA uye kuronga chero chaunoda kuti uite mukati mechip ...
Chii chinonzi FPGA?
FPGA inomiririra Munda Unogadziriswa Gedhi Array. Iwo michina yedhijitari kana machipisi ayo anokwanisa kugadziridzwa kuti abvumire chero chinhu chingaitwe. Ndokunge, mune mamwe mazwi, iyo isina chinhu chip kwaunogona "kunyora." Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kushandisa CPU, ndangariro, mutungamiriri, chero pfungwa, nezvimwe, kuwana kukurumidza kushanda uye nezvose zvakanakira kuve nazvo zvakabatanidzwa mune chip uye kwete nezvinhu zvemagetsi.
Ross Freeman naBernard Vonderschmitt, vabatsiri veXilinx, ndivo vakagadzira FPGA muna 1984. Vakazviita sekushanduka kune machipisi eCPLD enguva iyoyo. Iyo CPLD inogadzirirwa machipisi yaive nekukanganisa kwakagadzirisa iyo nyowani FPGA dhizaini uye kubvira ipapo vanga vachichinja kusvika nhasi.
Musika weFPGA unobereka kwazvo zvekuti makambani anoda Intel, Xilinx, Altera, Kurumidza Logic, Lattice, nezvimwe., vakaisa mari yakawanda kukudziridza zvirinani FPGAs uye zvakare yakadzika midzi zvirongwa kana maIDE kwavari. Nekudaro ichipa mapuratifomu akanaka kwazvo kufambisa basa revagadziri kana vagadziri.
Parizvino vagadziri ava havangopi chip inogadzirisika, asi zvakare inosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvekubatsira kuunza mikana yakawanda kune vanogadzira. Semuenzaniso, anosanganisira flash memory maseru, SDRAM memory maseru, zvichingodaro.
Chii chavanoshandiswa?
Naizvozvo, FPGA inogona kufanana neASIC asi iyo tinogona kusarudza chii chichava. Semuenzaniso, isu tinogona kugadzira kodhi kuti tiirongere uye tishandure kuita CPU, GPU, adder, memory memory, kana chero imwe logic redunhu inoitwa pane imwechete chip.
Mikana yacho yakanaka kusingaperi. Muchokwadi, ndinokurudzira kuti ushanyire webhusaiti pacompar.org, saiti yakatsaurirwa kupa akawanda mapurojekiti hardware libre. Iwe uchawana macode muVHDL, Verligo, nezvimwewo, zve RAM, CPU, GPU, controllers, ALUs, FPUs, decoders, uye yakareba etc..
Inogadzirirwa sei?
Kuronga FPGA tinogona kuzviita kubva kune yedu yatinofarira mashandiro sisitimu, seGNU / Linux, Windows neMacOS, kunyangwe paine nzvimbo dzekuvandudza dzeWindows. Kazhinji, iwo mamwe makambani anoita kuti FPGA ipe Yakakwana kwazvo IDE yekushanda nayo uye kupi kwekuwana zvese zvishandiso zvaunoda mune imwechete software suite.
Iwe zvakare uchada iyo FPGA bhodhi kana chip uye inodiwa tambo kana programmer iyo yaunogona kubatanidza nayo FPGA kuPC yako kupfuudza iyo yakanyorwa kodhi kune FPGA uye saka yakarongedzwa. Ndicho chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvamunoita neArduino bhodhi, kunyora iyo Arduino IDE chirongwa mune microcontroller's programmable memory.
Izvo chete mune iyo FPGA izvo zvatiinazvo matrix kana kuwanda kwezvinhu zvepakutanga senge ndangariro maseru, uye magedhi, KANA, ASI, Flip-flops, nevamwe. zvakakosha zvinhu kana mabhuroko emagetsi emagetsi yatinogona kushandisa. Nechirongwa chakanyorwa, zvatichaita kuisa nzira iyo mabhuroko akakosha aya kuti aunganidzwe pamwechete kuita dunhu diki ratiri kuda, senge ALU.
Ndokunge, kana isu tikaronga yekuwedzera mune yedu IDE, anodikanwa mabhureki ekushandisa iyi inowedzera vari kuenda kuzobatanidza munzira chaiyo mukati meFPGA kuitira kuti chip ishande sechiwedzera. Zviri nyore handizvo? Kazhinji, nzira dzinoverengeka dzinoshandiswa pachirongwa ichi padanho repanyama, senge ndangariro kana fuses kuti riite chinongedzo chenguva dzose mune izvo zviitiko.
Iko kumhanya kwavanoshanda kunoenderana wachi frequency iyo iyo FPGA yatakatenga inoshanda. Semuenzaniso, akanyanya kunyanya anowanzo shanda pa50 Mhz, vamwe vanozozviita munzvimbo dzakakwira zvakanyanya. Panyaya ye FPGA iri pa50 Mhz, izvo zvinoreva kuti ichashanda pamwero we zviuru makumi mashanu ezviuru pasekondi. Kana isu tikaramba tichiwedzera nechidimbu chandapa semuenzaniso, iwe unozogona kuita huwandu uhu hwemashure sekondi imwe ...
Kuenderera mberi nedingindira re ChirongwaKana tangoziva kuti iwe unogona kunyora kodhi senge isu tingaite muArduino IDE kana kugadzira chero imwe chirongwa, uye nekuona maitirwo azvo padanho rehardware, ini ndichati izvo chaizvo hazvisi kuronga zvakadaro. Asi iri rondedzero yehardware. Muchokwadi, inotsanangurwa nemitauro yemitauro yakadai seVHDL, Verilog, nezvimwe.
Con chirongwa ichocho chinotsanangurwa padanho rine musoro zvinoitwa nedunhu diki ratiri kuda kuita. Uye zvino inoenda kune FPGA. Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti mamwe mapuratifomu anotendera hurongwa mumitauro yekuronga senge C kuti ikwanise kuita CPU muFPGA uyezve kugadzira zvirongwa zvekuisa mundangariro uye kugadziriswa neiyo processor.
Kubatanidzwa naArduino
FPGAs dzinowanzo shandiswa zvakasiyana, asi ichokwadi kuti kune akawanda maturusi uye makiti pamusika izvo zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore kubatanidza yako FPGA ine Arduino chikuva. Muenzaniso webhodhi kuunza FPGAs kumapurojekiti ako neArduino ndeye MKR Vidor 4000, kunyangwe paine vamwe.
MKR Viewer 4000 ibhodhi ine machipisi matatu. Imwe yacho ndeye FPGA, kunyanya Intel Dutu 10. Kune mamwewo machipisi eBluetooth LE kana simba rakaderera rekubatanidza uye zvakare kuenderana kweWiFi. Mukwanisi wakanaka wekupa yako Arduino nekubatanidza mashandiro uye kugona kuita zvaunoda muFPGA.
Nezve izvi une customizable Hardware, yakagadzirirwa iwe pachako nechinangwa chaunoda. Izvo zvinopa mikana isingaperi.