CC1101: RF transceiver don amfani tare da Arduino

Tabbas a cikin wasu ayyukan kuna buƙatar yin aiki tare da mitar rediyo tare da Arduino, ko tare da kowane kwamitin haɓakawa ko da'irar DIY. To, idan haka ne batun ku, ya kamata ku san menene CC1101 mitar rediyo (RF) transceiver. Kuma abin da za mu yi kokarin bayyana muku ke nan a cikin wannan labarin.

Kuma da wannan sauran bangaren lantarki wanda ke shiga jerin mu, zaku iya aiki tare da mitocin sigina daban-daban…

Menene RF?

con mitar rediyo (RF) Muna magana ne akan wani yanki na electromagnetic spectrum wanda ake amfani da shi don watsa bayanai ta cikin iska. RF taguwar ruwa nau'i ne na radiation na lantarki, kuma ana samar da shi a duk lokacin da aka watsa wutar lantarki ta hanyar madugu, kamar na USB. Kalmar RF ta shafi mafi ƙanƙanta mai kuzari na bakan electromagnetic da na nuna muku a hoton da ya gabata, wanda ke tsakanin 3 hertz (Hz) da 300 gigahertz (GHz).

Gudun haske = Tsawon tsayi · mita

Gudun haske (kimanin 3.000.000 m/s) baya canzawa, don haka yayin da tsayin siginar RF ya ƙaru, mitar tana raguwa daidai gwargwado kuma akasin haka. Ingantacciyar siginar RF mai girma yana da ɗan gajeren zango kuma ƙaramin siginar RF ɗin yana da tsayi mai tsayi. Don wannan dalili, ƙananan sigina na mitar sun fi shiga ko kuma suna iya rufe babban ɗaukar hoto. Misali, idan kuna da WiFi 2.4 Ghz, zai iya kaiwa gaba kuma ya ƙetare shinge mafi kyau idan aka kwatanta da 5 Ghz WiFi, kodayake ƙarshen yana ba da damar saurin watsawa mafi girma.

Hertz shine naúrar ma'auni don mitar raƙuman ruwa, kuma yayi daidai da zagayowar guda ɗaya a cikin daƙiƙa guda. Mafi girman mitar kalaman, mafi guntu tsayinsa. Shi ya sa hasken gamma ke shiga sosai, tun da tsayin igiyar ruwa kadan ne, kuma mitarsa yana da yawa, don haka yana da kuzari sosai.

Za'a iya watsa igiyoyin lantarki daga wannan yanki na bakan ta amfani da canjin halin yanzu wanda ya samo asali daga janareta zuwa eriya. The igiyoyin mitar rediyo, kasancewar igiyoyin lantarki, suna tafiya cikin saurin haske. A mafi mahimmancinsa, siginar lantarki daban-daban a cikin eriya na iya samar da motsin wutar lantarki (watau igiyoyin RF). Waɗannan na iya zama marasa niyya (mai yuwuwar haifar da tsangwama tare da wasu na'urori) ko na niyya: siginar da aka daidaita a hankali waɗanda sauran eriya za su iya karɓa kuma a fassara su azaman bayani mai amfani.

A cikin wannan kewayon RF, za mu iya watsa bayanai cikin babban sauri, misali, kamar yadda aka yi a ciki Sadarwar Wi-Fi da wayoyin hannu, da na gargajiya AM da rediyon FM.

Menene transceiver?

Transceiver shine na'urar da ya haɗu da damar mai watsawa da mai karɓa a kan da'irori da aka raba. Wannan yana nufin yana iya aikawa da karɓar sigina, ba tare da buƙatar samun mai watsawa a gefe ɗaya da mai karɓa a ɗayan ba. Wani abu mai amfani ga ayyukan DIY da yawa.

A transceivers iya zama iri biyu na gaba ɗaya: cikakken duplex da rabi duplex. A cikin cikakken transceiver duplex, na'urar zata iya aikawa da karɓa a lokaci guda. Misali na gama-gari na cikakken transceiver duplex shine wayar hannu. A gefe guda kuma, mai ɗaukar rabi-duplex yana yin bebe ɗaya bangare yayin da ɗayan ke watsawa.

Masu transceivers su ne ginshiƙin sadarwar mara waya kuma ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace iri-iri, tun daga wayar hannu zuwa tauraron dan adam sadarwa, ta hanyar yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa da hanyoyin watsa bayanai, kamar rediyo, TV, da sauransu.

Aikace-aikace na transceiver

Mai ɗaukar mitar rediyo (RF) shine a multifunctional na'urar wanda zai iya samun yawan amfani. Misali, kamar yadda na fada a baya, kasancewarsa yana da mahimmanci a aikace-aikace daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar sadarwar mara waya. A fagen sadarwar wayar salula, ana amfani da na'urar daukar hoto a cikin wayoyin hannu don watsawa da karbar sakonni. Bugu da ƙari, suna da mahimmanci a cikin fasaha irin su WiFi da Bluetooth, waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin na'urori irin su na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, kwamfutoci da na'urorin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), wanda ya dogara da sadarwa mara waya don aiki.

A cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararru, masu karɓar RF suna da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsaro. rediyo hanya biyu, kamar rediyon hanyoyi biyu da ake amfani da su a aikace-aikacen ƙwararru, tsaro da sabis na gaggawa. Hakanan waɗannan na'urori suna samun aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin ganowa, kamar radars da ake amfani da su don gano abubuwa, kewayawa da sarrafa zirga-zirgar iska, da kuma na'urorin sonar don aikace-aikacen karkashin ruwa.

La watsa shirye-shirye, Don duka rediyo da talabijin, ya dogara da masu karɓar RF don watsa sigina ta kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, na ƙasa ko tauraron dan adam. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin sararin sararin samaniya, transceivers suna da mahimmanci don sadarwa tsakanin tauraron dan adam da tashoshin ƙasa a cikin tsarin sadarwar tauraron dan adam.

En sarrafa nesa da aikace-aikacen telemetry, Ana amfani da transceivers RF don watsa bayanai daga na'urorin lantarki, jirage marasa matuki ko jiragen sama marasa matuki (UAV). Hakanan suna da mahimmanci a tsarin kewayawa, kamar masu karɓar GPS, inda suke ba da gudummawa ga tantance wuri da kewayawa. A taƙaice, juzu'i na masu karɓar RF ya sa su zama mahimman abubuwa a cikin fasahohin zamani iri-iri waɗanda suka dogara ga sadarwa mara waya da watsa bayanai.

Babu shakka, akwai wasu daga cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen da ba su kai ga CC1101 ba, tun da yana da iyakokinsa kuma yana aiki a wasu mitoci. Koyaya, ya kamata ku sani cewa akwai ƙarin na'urori akan kasuwa kamar wannan transceiver don aiki tare da wasu mitoci, nisa, da sauransu.

Menene CC1101?

El CC1101 na'urar watsa mitar rediyo (RF) ce wacce aka ƙera don aiki a mitoci ƙasa da 1 GHz. Ana iya amfani da wannan na'urar tare da na'ura mai sarrafawa kamar Arduino don aikawa ko karɓar bayanai ta mitar rediyo. CC1101 na iya aiki a kowane mitar a cikin maƙallan masu zuwa:

300 zuwa 348 MHz
387 zuwa 464 MHz
779 zuwa 928 MHz

Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sanya CC1101 zaɓi Maɗaukaki don ayyuka iri-iri masu buƙatar sadarwa mara waya, ciki har da ayyukan Arduino da ESP8266/ESP321, da sauran ayyukan lantarki a cikin filin sadarwa mai nisa.

Hakanan, CC1101 Yana ba ku damar daidaita ƙimar bit don amfani daban-daban, yana ba da damar saurin watsawa mafi girma, daga 0.6 Kbps zuwa 600 Kbps. Kuma yana goyan bayan 2-FSK, GFSK da MSK3 modulations.

Idan kuna sha'awar, zaku iya samunsa a cikin shagunan kayan lantarki na musamman, ko kuma akan dandamalin tallace-tallace na kan layi kamar Amazon, Aliexpress da eBay. Anan kuna da ɗaya saya shawarwarin:

Ƙarfin fitarwa kuma ana iya tsara shi, don duk mitoci masu goyan bayan +10 dBm. Shi Tsayin ya kai mita 100-150, dangane da mita. Kuma don aikinsa yana buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki na 1.8 zuwa 3.6V. Ana gudanar da sadarwar bayanai ta hanyar bas ɗin SPI, don haka yana da sauƙin amfani da shi tare da MCU ko allo kamar Arduino ...

Amfani da CC1101 tare da Arduino

Yanzu, da zarar kun fahimci menene CC1101, idan kuna son amfani da shi tare da Arduino, yana da sauƙin yin. Don yin wannan, abu na farko shine haɗi daidai na'urar RF ko module zuwa hukumar haɓaka ku. Yi hankali, saboda CC1101 baya jurewa ƙarfin lantarki na 5v kuma kuna iya lalata shi, don haka ba zai haɗa zuwa soket ɗin 5v na Arduino ba kamar yadda muka yi da sauran na'urori masu yawa. Haɗin don yin aiki da kyau shine kamar haka:

VDC: za a jona shi da Arduino 3v3 don samun wannan soket, idan ba shi da shi kuma kana da 5v kawai, to sai ka haɗa shi da baturi ko waje wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki ko CC1101 a lalace.
SI: Za a haɗa shi da Arduino SCK, wanda zai iya canza fil dangane da samfurin, amma wanda shine gaba ɗaya D13.
SO: A wannan yanayin za a haɗa shi zuwa GO2, wanda yawanci shine D12 fil na Arduino.
CSN: Dole ne ku kai shi zuwa fil ɗin GO0, wanda shine D9 na Arduino.
GND: kuma a ƙarshe, GND za a haɗa zuwa GND na Arduino ko wutar lantarki.

Da zarar an yi haka, lokaci ya yi da za a rubuta lambar don gwada ta a cikin Arduino IDE. Don yin wannan, a nan na nuna muku ainihin misali, amma wanda za ku iya canza zuwa ga yadda kuke so. A wannan yanayin CC1101 zai yi aiki azaman mai karɓa Siginar RF:

Lura cewa dole ne ka shigar da ɗakin karatu a cikin Arduino IDE don samun damar yin aiki, ɗakin karatu shine ELECHOUSE na CC1101 wanda zaka iya zazzagewa daga nan.

#include &amp;lt;ELECHOUSE_CC1101_SRC_DRV.h&amp;gt;

void setup(){

    Serial.begin(9600);

    if (ELECHOUSE_cc1101.getCC1101()){         // Comprobar la conexión SPI del CC1101.
    Serial.println("Connection OK");
    }else{
    Serial.println("Connection Error");
    }

    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.Init();              // Inicializa el CC1101
    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.setCCMode(1);       // Configuración del modo de transferencia interna.
    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.setModulation(0);  // Modulación: 0 = 2-FSK, 1 = GFSK, 2 = ASK/OOK, 3 = 4-FSK, 4 = MSK.
    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.setMHZ(300,15);   // Pon la frecuencia que quieras usar para la transmisión (por defecto es 433,92 Mhz)
    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.setSyncMode(2);  // Modo de sync: 0 = No preamble/sync. 1 = 16 sync word bits detected. 2 = 16/16 sync word bits detected. 3 = 30/32 sync word bits detected. 4 = No preamble/sync, carrier-sense above threshold. 5 = 15/16 + carrier-sense above threshold. 6 = 16/16 + carrier-sense above threshold. 7 = 30/32 + carrier-sense above threshold.
    ELECHOUSE_cc1101.setCrc(1);      // 1 = CRC calculado en TX y comprobación CRC en RX habilitada. 0 = CRC deshabilitado en TX y RX.
    
    Serial.println("Rx Mode");
}
byte buffer[61] = {0};

void loop(){

    //Comprueba si se ha recibido algo en un tiempo marcado por (time in millis)
    if (ELECHOUSE_cc1101.CheckRxFifo(100)){
    
    if (ELECHOUSE_cc1101.CheckCRC()){    //Prueba CRC. Si "setCrc(false)" CRC devuelve un OK siempre.
    Serial.print("Rssi: ");
    Serial.println(ELECHOUSE_cc1101.getRssi());
    Serial.print("LQI: ");
    Serial.println(ELECHOUSE_cc1101.getLqi());
    
    int len = ELECHOUSE_cc1101.ReceiveData(buffer);
    buffer[len] = '\0';
    Serial.println((char *) buffer);
    for (int i = 0; i &amp;lt; len; i++){
    Serial.print(buffer[i]);
    Serial.print(",");
    }
    Serial.println();
    }
    }
}

Bayani na CC1101 mai watsawa Siginar RF tana da lamba mai kama da wacce ta gabata.

Hardwarelibre