Yadda za a gina hannun mutum-mutumi da kuɗi kaɗan

Lallai da yawa daga cikinku kun ga a cikin fina-finan almara na kimiyya yadda masanin kimiya ko ƙwalƙwalwa ke da hannu na mutum-mutumi wanda ke sarrafa komai kuma yana iya ɗaukar abubuwa ko yin ayyuka kamar mutum ne. Wani abu da ke ƙara yiwuwa godiya ga Hardware Libre da kuma aikin Arduino. Amma menene hannun mutum-mutumi? Wadanne ayyuka wannan na'urar ke da shi? Ta yaya ake gina hannun mutum-mutumi? A ƙasa za mu amsa duk waɗannan tambayoyin.

Mene ne hannun mutum-mutumi

Hannun mutum-mutumi mutum ne mai makanikan inji tare da tushen lantarki wanda ke ba shi damar zama cikakken shirye-shirye. Bugu da kari, irin wannan hannu na iya zama abu daya amma kuma yana iya zama wani bangare na mutum-mutumi ko kuma wani tsarin na mutun-mutumi. Ingancin hannun mutum-mutumi idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nau'ikan abubuwan inji shi ne hannu na mutum-mutumi mai cikakken tsari ne yayin da sauran na’urar ba haka yake ba. Wannan aikin yana ba mu damar samun ɗayan mutum-mutumi guda ɗaya don ayyuka daban-daban da aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban daban daban, ayyukan da za a iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar godiya ga allon lantarki kamar allon Arduino.

Ayyuka na hannun mutum-mutumi

Wataƙila mafi mahimmancin aiki na hannun mutum-mutumi shine aikin hannu na taimako. A wasu ayyukan zamu buƙaci hannu na uku wanda ke tallafawa wasu abubuwa don mutum ya iya gina ko ƙirƙirar wani abu. Don wannan aikin ba a buƙatar shirye-shirye na musamman kuma kawai za mu buƙaci kashe na'urar kanta.

Ana iya gina makamai na Robotic da abubuwa daban-daban wanda ke ba da damar amfani da su azaman madadin ayyukan haɗari. kamar magudin gurɓatattun abubuwa na sinadarai. Hannun mutum-mutumi kuma zai iya taimaka mana mu aiwatar da ayyuka masu nauyi ko waɗanda ke buƙatar matsi mai ƙarfi, muddin aka gina shi da ƙarfi da juriya.

Kayan da ake bukata don ginata

Nan gaba zamu koya muku yadda ake kera mutum-mutumi a cikin sauri, sauki da kuma tattalin arziki ga kowa. Koyaya, wannan hannu na mutum-mutumi ba zai yi ƙarfi ko amfani kamar makaman da muke gani a fina-finai ba amma zai yi aiki ne don koyo game da aikinsa da gininsa. Don haka, kayayyakin da zamu bukata domin kera wannan na’urar sune:

1. Faranti  Arduino UNO REV3 ko mafi girma.
2. Allon ci gaba biyu.
3. Biyu axis servos a layi daya
4. Micro servos biyu
5. Ikon analog guda biyu a layi daya
6. Jumper igiyoyi don allon ci gaba.
7. M tef
8. Kwali ko allon kumfa don tsayawar.
9. Wani abun yanka da almakashi.
10. Mafi yawan haƙuri.

Majalisar

Hadin wannan hannun mutum-mutumi abu ne mai sauki. Da farko dole ne mu yanke rectangles biyu tare da kumfa; kowane ɗayan waɗannan rectangles ɗin zai zama ɓangaren hannun mutum-mutumi. Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin hotunan, waɗannan rectangles ɗin zasu zama girman da muke so, kodayake ana bada shawarar hakan girman daya daga cikinsu shine 16,50 x 3,80 cm. kuma murabba'i mai dari na biyu yana da girman mai zuwa 11,40 x 3,80 cm.

Da zarar muna da murabbarorin murabba'i, a kowane karshen kowane murabba'i mai dari ko tsiri zamu zana kowane servomotor. Bayan yin wannan, za mu yanke "U" na kumfa. Wannan zai zama wani ɓangare na ƙarshe ko ƙarshen ɓangaren hannu, wanda ga ɗan adam zai zama hannu. Za mu haɗu da wannan yanki zuwa servomotor wanda ke cikin ƙaramin murabba'i mai dari.

Yanzu dole ne mu yi ƙananan ɓangare ko tushe. Saboda wannan zamu aiwatar da wannan hanyar: za mu yanke murabba'in kumfa sannan mu sanya injina biyu masu aiki a layi daya kamar yadda yake a hoto mai zuwa:

Yanzu dole ne mu haɗa dukkan injina zuwa hukumar Arduino. Amma da farko, dole ne mu haɗa haɗin zuwa hukumar ci gaba da wannan zuwa ga kwamitin Arduino. Zamu hada bakin waya zuwa pin din GND, jan waya zamu hada da pin 5V da kuma wayoyin rawaya zuwa -11, -10, 4 da -3. Hakanan zamu haɗu da farin ciki ko iko na hannun mutum-mutumi ga hukumar Arduino, a wannan yanayin kamar yadda hoton yake nunawa:

Da zarar mun gama duk abin da muka haɗu kuma muka haɗu dole ne mu miƙa shirin ga kwamitin Arduino, wanda zamu buƙaci haɗa haɗin kwamitin Arduino zuwa kwamfutar ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Da zarar mun wuce shirin ga kwamitin Arduino, dole ne mu tabbatar da hakan haɗa igiyoyi zuwa jirgin Arduino kodayake koyaushe za mu iya ci gaba tare da allon ci gaba tare da tarwatsa komai, na karshen idan muna son shi kawai ya koya.

Software da ake buƙata don aiki

Kodayake da alama mun gama gina hannun mutum-mutumi, gaskiyar magana shine har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba kuma mafi mahimmanci. Irƙira ko haɓaka shirin da ke ba da rai ga hannun mutumtaka tunda ba tare da shi ba, masu ba da sabis ɗin ba za su daina kasancewa sauƙin hanyoyin agogo waɗanda ke juyawa ba tare da ma'ana ba.

Ana warware wannan ta hanyar haɗa allon Arduino zuwa kwamfutarmu kuma muna buɗe shirin IDE na Arduino, muna haɗa kwamfutar da allon kuma rubuta lambar mai zuwa a cikin fayil mara faɗi:

#include <Servo.h>

const int servo1 = 3;       // first servo

const int servo2 = 10;      // second servo

const int servo3 = 5;       // third servo

const int servo4 = 11;      // fourth servo

const int servo5 = 9;       // fifth servo

const int joyH = 2;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyV = 3;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyX = 4;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyP = 5;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int potpin = 0;      // O/C potentiometer

int servoVal;           // variable to read the value from the analog pin

Servo myservo1;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo2;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo3;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo4;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo5;  // create servo object to control a servo

void setup() {

// Servo

myservo1.attach(servo1);  // attaches the servo

myservo2.attach(servo2);  // attaches the servo

myservo3.attach(servo3);  // attaches the servo

myservo4.attach(servo4);  // attaches the servo

myservo5.attach(servo5);  // attaches the servo

// Inizialize Serial

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop(){

servoVal = analogRead(potpin);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 179);

myservo5.write(servoVal);

delay(15);

// Display Joystick values using the serial monitor

outputJoystick();

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyH);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result  between 0 and 180)

myservo2.write(servoVal);                         // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyV);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo1.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyP);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo4.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyX);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo3.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

/**

* Display joystick values

*/

void outputJoystick(){

Serial.print(analogRead(joyH));

Serial.print ("---");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyV));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyP));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyX));

Serial.println ("----------------");

}

Muna adana shi kuma bayan haka muna aika shi zuwa farantin Arduino UNO. Kafin mu gama da lambar za mu gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan farin ciki suna aiki kuma lambar ba ta gabatar da wani kuskure ba.

Na riga na saka shi, yanzu menene?

Tabbas da yawa daga cikinku basuyi tsammanin irin wannan hannun mutum-mutumi ba, duk da haka yana da kyau saboda asalin abin da yake, tsadar sa da kuma hanyar koyar da yadda ake kera mutum-mutumi. Daga nan komai na tunaninmu ne. Wato, zamu iya canza kayan, injunan wuta da ma cika tsarin shirye-shirye. Ba sai an fada ba ma Zamu iya canza samfurin hukumar Arduino don mafi iko da cikakke wanda zai bamu damar haɗi da naúrar nesa ko aiki tare da smartphone. A takaice, da fadi da kewayon yiwuwa cewa Hardware Libre da makamai masu linzami.

Karin bayani - Umarni