Hoʻolālā PCB: pehea-i a me nā pono polokalamu

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā papahana he nui me ka ʻole a Hoʻonohonoho PCB, akā ʻaʻole pēlā i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku i ka wā e pili ana i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia he prototypes maʻalahi a i ʻole he hoʻāʻo. I kēlā hihia, makemake ʻoe e hoihoi i ka Nā mea uila e hoʻohana ai ʻoe i kahi ala kūpono a ikaika.

I kēia ʻatikala hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā mea āpau āu e pono ai e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kēia ʻano nā papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia no kāu mau papahana, a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka lehulehu o nā kumuwaiwai lako polokalamu a me nā mea hou aʻe āu i loaʻa i kou manamana lima ...

He aha ka PCB?

Ke hoʻolālā ʻoe i kahi kaapuni uila, ʻo kekahi o nā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ia e hoʻokō iā ia i loko o kahi pai kaapuni papa a PCB (Pai Pai Kaapuni Board). ʻO ia, he papa i kūkulu ʻia me ka papa o nā papa hoʻohewa a me nā ala conductive e hana ai i mau ala no nā hōʻailona uila. Eia hou, e soldered lākou i kahi moʻo o nā mea uila, e like me nā pika, transistors, resistors, diodes, capacitors, sockets, oscillators, etc.

ka nā ala conductive Hana pinepine ʻia lākou i ke keleawe a i ʻole ka inika conductive, ʻoiai e hana ʻia nā pā i nā mea like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea pālolo, ka plastic, nā polymers e like me Bakelite, Teflon, celluloid, a i ʻole fiberglass. Ke hiki mai i kahi hoʻolālā PCB paʻakikī, ma kahi o ka paʻi paʻi ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka papa, e kūkulu ʻia ia i mau papa kahi e kau ʻia ai nā ala conductive he nui.

ʻO ka mea maʻalahi e kau i nā mea i hele nā ​​kui i ka papa i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻOiai nā mea he lehulehu lākou, hoʻohana lākou i ʻenehana piʻi ʻilikai. ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā mākia i ka papa, no ka mea aia nā papa like ʻole o nā ala, hiki ke hana i nā pilina kūpono ʻole.

Nā koho ʻē aʻe: ke kau nei i kāu hoʻolālā PCB me ka hana ʻole ʻana

Hana i kahi hoʻonohonoho PCB Pili ia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi moʻo o nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī e hana ia ma ka home, a weliweli hoʻi, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia nā waikawa no ke kahakaha ʻana. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻohana ʻia nā papa keleawe keleawe i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi ʻano template a e ʻauʻau ʻia lākou i kahi waikawa i mea e lawe ai i nā keleawe āpau i pale ʻole ʻia. E waiho wale kēia i nā ala i pale ʻia e ke anakuhi.

Ināʻo ia hoʻolālā multilayer, ka pilikia o ka hana ʻana iā ʻoe iho e lilo i mea paʻakikī loa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pololei ka kau ʻana o ka papa no nā pono o ka hale. Pono nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo soldering kikoʻī ʻoi aku, a ʻo nā mea uila e hoʻopili ʻia e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Pono ʻoe hoʻohana flux, nā hana hana kūikawā no BGA, etc.

No laila, no nā mea hana a me nā mea aloha DIY, ʻo ka mea maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi moʻo o nā koho ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i PCB. ʻO kēlā mau koho ʻē aʻe:

• Papa prototype o Papa palaoa, ke koho kūpono loa no nā prototypes āu e makemake ai e ʻākoakoa a wehe.
• Nā pā aniani, kahi koho ʻē aʻe e kau i kekahi mau mea paʻa a wili maʻalahi iā lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia ka hopena ʻoi loa no kahi kaapuni kū mau inā ʻoe e makemake i kahi ʻoihana ʻoi aku. Eia hou, pono ʻoe e uwea i nā mākia ʻāpana iā ʻoe iho, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe alakaʻi ...
• Polokalamu Hoʻohālikelike. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i ke kaapuni ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ou ʻāpana uila. ʻO kekahi o nā papahana i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana no ka simulate Simulide.

Polokalamu hoʻolālā PCB

I mea e hoʻolālā ai i kāu hoʻolālā PCB ponoʻī, loaʻa iā ʻoe he mau lako pono polokalamu e maʻalahi ai kāu hana, ʻoiai hiki iā ʻoe ke kaha kiʻi i ke kaapuni a hiki ke kiʻi i ka faile i ke ʻano kūpono no kāna hana ʻana a i ʻole e loaʻa nā anakuhi no ke kaʻina engraving. ʻO kēia mau noi:

• FreeCAD: ʻo ia kekahi o nā polokalamu makemake nui ʻia e hana i kāu hoʻolālā. Eia kekahi, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i nā polokalamu 3D pū kekahi. He manuahi ia a no Linux ia.
• FreePCB: he wahi hoʻomohala a i ʻole EDA. He paepae pū kekahi ia a manuahi hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi me ka manuahi a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kāu mau papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia.
• KiCAD: kekahi piha EDA piha e like me ka mea ma mua, me ka manuahi a manuahi hoʻi. Hāʻawi ia i ka hopu skema, hoʻoponopono, hana i ka hoʻonohonoho o ka hoʻolālā PCB a ʻike iā ia ma 3D.

Pehea e hana ai i ka hoʻonohonoho PCB?

E like me kaʻu i kūkākūkā ai, hiki i nā kaʻina hana waikiki ke weliweli a kumukūʻai hoʻi, a ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waikawa a me nā pono i nā hale kūʻai maʻamau. No laila, ʻo kahi koho nāna ka hopena e kupaianaha ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka faile me kāu hoʻolālā PCB i kahi ʻoihana aʻo ia ke kuleana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana iā ia. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i kahi hopena ʻoihana, ʻoiai inā he multilayer lākou. ʻO kekahi mau ʻoihana e hāʻawi nei i kēia mau lawelawe ʻo:

• PAKA OSH: ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻolālā PCB iā ʻoe iho me ka lako polokalamu a ke mākaukau ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka i ka faila i kā lākou pūnaewele a e mālama lākou i ka hana ʻana a hoʻouna i ka PCB i kou home. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā lākou nā lawelawe i nā ʻāina he nui.
• PCB Ala: he koho ʻē aʻe i ka mea ma mua, a hana i kahi ala like. Hāʻawi ʻoe i kāu hoʻolālā PCB a e hana lākou i ke kaapuni paʻi no ka hoʻouna. E like me OSHPARK, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pā like a multi-layer.